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Importance of Respiratory Depression

   

Added on  2021-04-21

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Running header: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION 1Respiratory depressionStudent’s nameInstitutional

Running header: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION 2Respiratory depressionImportance of respiratory depressionRespiratory depression also known as known as hypoventilation is a condition which results to breathing problems. That is there is a problem in the oxygen and carbon dioxide elimination. Theprocess of respiration involves the following processes, oxygen transfer to the alveolus, oxygen transfer to the tissues and lastly the removal carbon dioxide through the process called exhalation(Khan, Palepu, & Norena, 2012). Respiratory failure may occur if there is an abnormality in any of these three areas. Respiration takes place in the alveolar found in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the lungs binding to the hemoglobin. It can be grouped as either hypercapnic or hypoxemic. During hypoxemic condition the oxygen concentration is lesser than 60mm Hg while the carbon dioxide concentration is lower or normal. The type two of respiratory failure also known as hypercapnic is due to PaC02 is higher than 50mm Hg. Hypoxemia is mostly seen on patients with respiratory hypercapnic failure. The degree in pH depends on bicarbonate level which is dependent on time of hypercapnia.Pain is the main reason why individual seek treatment mostly in the emergency department. The medication that are widely used to reduce pain include opioids such as morphine. The main reason why opiates cause respiratory depression is because this drugs affect the central nervous system which is uncountable for regulation of our breathing and controlling our heart beat. This drugs initiate opioid receptors activation, this leads to the prevention of neurotransmission in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. Effects of opioids are more powerful in the kappa and mu receptors. This binding results to reduction of the central nervous system which in turn slows the breathing process. The more one overdoses opiates the more breathing is reduced. The first symptom of opiate overdose in an individual is the reduction to 12 breaths per minute or lesser. Symptoms of an opioid overdose include confusion, nausea and vomiting and

Running header: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION 3lastly pinpoint pupils. An opioid antagonist naloxone is given to a client who has had opioid overdose. Risk factorsDarren was diagnosed with mild-severe cholecystitis and was supposed to undergo an elective laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in four hours. Regarding his present condition, he was diagnosed with respiratory depression(Brainerd, 2012). He had a respiratory rate of <10Rpm, Sp02<95% on RA and shallow breathing. If the patient was to go to surgery with this problem left untreated it may result to severe acidosis which may result to death of the patient(Moss & Mannino, 2013). This is because the patient must be sedated before the surgery begins so as to prevent pain. This will result to overtoxcation of the drug. This may result to the increase in pulse, blood pressure, increased respiratory rate, fullness of the head and mental cloudiness. Increased CO2 level may cause dilation of the cerebrovascular vessels causing an increased bloodflow to the cerebrum. If the respiratory acidosis is extreme, it increases intracranial pressure which leads to papilledema and dilation of the blood vessels found in the conjunctiva(Canet, Osman, & Lambert, 2015). It may also result to an increased potassium in the blood also known as hyperkalemia.Patient centered smart goalMaintaining the respiratory stability within the 24 hours timeline.

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