Improving video streaming through increasing protocol

Sisa Juma
[COMPANY NAME] [Company address]
IMPROVING VIDEO STREAMING THROUGH INCREASING
PROTOCOL EFFICIENCIES
[Type here]

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
Abstract
The research is on the improvement of video streaming by increasing the efficiency of the
protocols. For a successful HTTP adaptive solution of streaming video, it must be able to ensure
that the objectives are met as follows: very high utilization of the resources of the network,
farness, stability, as well as convergence over a short period of time to the fair share at the same
time avoiding the issues of buffering. For this reason, this particular paper proposes HTTP
solution which achieves the objectives set by very close relation between the clients and the
servers. With dependence on the data which is present from both the client and the server, the
control of the efficiency, stability and fairness is delegated to the client and server side. From the
client side, the bandwidth available, the history of the bitrate played and the occupancy of buffer
are well known hence making it best for the control of the utilization of the bandwidth,
management of buffer as well as stability. The fairness in contrary, is controlled at the server
because the connected client numbers together with their bitrates played as well as the capacity of
the bottleneck link are known from the server side.

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
Table of Contents
Abstract....................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................. 5
1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Background........................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Aim..................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Objectives.......................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Research Brief.................................................................................................... 8
1.4.2 Research Overview.............................................................................................. 8
1.4.2 Scope............................................................................................................... 8
1.4.3 Research Problem............................................................................................... 9
1.5 Contribution....................................................................................................... 9
1.6 Research Organization..................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER TWO........................................................................................................... 12
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................... 12
2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Related Studies on Video Streaming................................................................12
2.3 Real Time Streaming Protocol..........................................................................14
2.4 WebReal Time Communication........................................................................15
2.5.1 Distorted Standards........................................................................................... 17
2.5.2 Security threats................................................................................................ 18
2.5.3 Bandwidth Challenge......................................................................................... 18
2.5.4 Congestion of Network....................................................................................... 18
2.5.5 Improving These Inefficiencies.............................................................................19
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................ 21
3.0 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Research Problem and Philosophical Questions...............................................21
3.2 Selection of Research Methodology.................................................................22
3.3.1 Real Time Streaming Protocol.............................................................................. 22
3.3.2 WebRTC........................................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................... 27
4.0 EXPERIMENTS...................................................................................................... 27
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 27

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
4.2 Experimental Design........................................................................................ 27
4.3 Client Side Controller....................................................................................... 28
4.3.1 Bandwidth Estimator.......................................................................................... 28
4.3.2 Buffer Controller.............................................................................................. 29
4.3.3 Efficiency Controller.......................................................................................... 29
4.3.4 Stability.......................................................................................................... 29
4.4 Server Side Controller...................................................................................... 30
4.5 Evaluation Metrics............................................................................................ 31
4.6 Data Collection................................................................................................. 31
4.7 Data Analysis................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER FIVE........................................................................................................... 33
5.0 RESULTS.............................................................................................................. 33
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 33
5.2 System Configuration....................................................................................... 33
5.3 Presentation Of Results.................................................................................... 34
5.4 Discussions...................................................................................................... 45
5.4.1 RTSP Streaming Platform................................................................................... 45
5.4.2 Direct WebRTC Streaming Platform......................................................................46
5.4.3 Analysis of Smartphone to Web streaming Applications............................47
5.5.4 Analysis of smartphones to smartphone streaming applications..................48
CHAPTER SIX............................................................................................................. 50
6.0 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................... 50
6.1 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 50
6.2 Recommendation............................................................................................. 52
6.3 Future Work..................................................................................................... 53
REFERENCES............................................................................................................. 54

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Web Real-Time Communication request order...........................................................25
Figure 2: Network topology............................................................................................... 28
Figure 3: Star Topology................................................................................................... 34
Figure 4: The played representation levels of the different clients................................................36
Figure 5: The efficiency and fairness evaluation of ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA...........................37
Figure 6: The comparison of the allocated bitrates to Client 1 between ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA. .38
Figure 7: The comparison of the allocated bitrates to Client 2 between ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA.. 39
Figure 8: The comparison of the allocated bitrates to Client 3 between ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA. .39
Figure 9: The comparison of the allocated bitrates to client 4 between ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA...39
Figure 10: The buffer occupancy evaluation of the different clients..............................................40
Figure 11: The evaluation of the clients’ stability in case of ESTC, FESTIVE.................................41
Figure 12: Comparison of the overall stability, fairness and efficiency metrics................................42
Figure 13: The efficiency comparison between ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA when running larger
number of clients............................................................................................................ 43
Figure 14: The fairness comparison between ESTC, FESTIVE and PANDA when running larger number
of clients...................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 15: Comparison of the estimated bandwidth for the CBR video..........................................44
Figure 16: Comparison of the estimated bandwidth for the VBR video..........................................44
Figure 17: General flow of streaming platform.......................................................................47
Figure 18: Average delay time........................................................................................... 48
Figure 19: Average stream delay time between smartphone to smartphones....................................50
List of Tables
Table 1: THE LINK CAPACITIES AND ARRIVAL TIMES.....................................................34
List of Equations
Equation 1: Client Side Controller....................................................................................... 30
Equation 2: Server Side Controller...................................................................................... 31

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Video calling gives flexibility even if one is outside; he can start a video calling on a laptop,
iPod, and on other mobile devices (Abelson et al., 2015). Besides meetings and business
purposes, video calling is used for remote working such as interview, e-learning, and
telecommuting. However, video calls are no more a novelty which is affordable to few; it has
become a practical option in everyone life. As far as organizations are concerned, many big
industries rely on the video calling for everything from management of the project to the
interfacing their other apex executives. By showing oneself and seeing others, one can work the
fascination of body language, which is very important in business as well as other activities
engaging human interaction. Seeing someone while communicating them changes taxonomy of a
conversation, whether it is in business or personal relationship. Video calling between companies
as well as loved ones is becoming a more frequent place due to the progression in technology.
The internet has become an essential part of almost every industry as well as for everyone life. A
strong internet connection is required for effective video calling. Voice over internet protocol is
one of the most popular standards for video calling. Usually, video call depends on the
advancement of the technology used for it. There are various factors which impact the quality of
video callings, such as internet speed, devices, and bandwidth. At least 1.2 Mbps speed is
required for High clarity video calling. Video calling is highly dependent on the network
connections (Neustaedter et al., 2015). Bandwidth issues affect the transmission of video, files as

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
well as sound, which leads to an interruption in communication or cooperation. For getting the
best experiences of video calling, it is necessary to comprehend video calling bandwidth, which
represents the capacity of the connection. The common problem while video calling is poor
internet speed or absence of bandwidth. A slow internet connection always interrupts in the video
calling. Bandwidth, as well as internet speed, is used by the ISP’s as well as by customers. The
relationship between the two determines the quality of video calling.
Video calls are usually done via a computer’s webcam or electronic devices such as Smartphone
or computer or tablet (Rowles, 2017). It may include point to point communication or multipoint
communication. Video calls are conducted using software apps. Though there are a number of
research that has been conducted with regard to the video calling and its importance in the life of
people, business and corporations, however, there is limited research on the inefficiencies of the
systems that are used in video calling or for the smooth functioning of the video calling system.
In this report, discussion about smooth video calling using the slow internet will be done. In
addition to this, the illustration will be given with regard to problems occurring due to the slow
internet connection in video calling and how to tackle these problems instead of having a slow
internet connection. It is found by a study that video calling has been adopted universally for
social use among the friends as well as families as it has become more accessible as well as easy
to use. One out of three persons does video calling once in a week. It has become an equal
alternative of voice calling.
There are several reasons due to which high-speed internet connection are inefficient to perform
up to the benchmark level. The internet provider could be at fault. The old router, as well as the
outdated modem, can be one of the reasons behind the slow internet speed. The internet service

Improving video streaming through increasing protocol efficiencies
provider may have an issue regarding routing signals to the location. The slow internet hampers
the process of smooth video calling.
1.2 Aim
The aim of this research paper is to evaluate the importance of video calling and the factors
needed for a smooth video calling. As the internet speed is considered as one of the major factors
for the smooth video calling, but this is not right all the times. There are various factors on which
the internet speed depends. The report aims to find the reason behind the slow internet connection
and the problems occurring in video calling due to the slow internet speed. The research paper
proposes a recommendation for the appropriate algorithm required to improve the efficiency of
internet speed and smooth video calling.
1.3 Objectives
In order to fulfill the aims of the research paper, the objectives are:
• To assess the significance of the appropriate algorithm in the smooth functioning
of internet connectivity.
• To identify the reasons for the failure of the systems used for internet and video
calling.
• To evaluate the factors for improving the speed of internet connectivity.
• To discuss the relationship between the bandwidth and the speed of internet
connectivity.
• To examine the reasons behind the slow working of internet connection in spite of
being a high-speed internet connection.
• To discuss the various approaches which have been used until now are to be used
in the future.