Negative Impacts of Tourism

This article discusses the negative impacts of tourism on the environment and society. It covers topics such as depletion of natural resources, pollution, deforestation, and climate change. The article also explores the effects of tourism on water resources, local resources, and wildlife. It highlights the pollution caused by tourism and its impact on air and noise pollution, solid waste and littering, sewage, and aesthetic pollution. Overall, the article provides insights into the negative consequences of tourism and its effects on the world.

Negative impacts
of Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES.............................................................................1
1.1 Water Resources...............................................................................................................2
1.2 Local resources.................................................................................................................2
1.3 Deforestation or Land Degradation..................................................................................2
1.4 Pollution...........................................................................................................................2
1.5 Climate Change................................................................................................................2
1.6 Other effects.....................................................................................................................2
2. POLLUTION...............................................................................................................................3
2.1 Air as well as Noise Pollution..........................................................................................3
2.2 Solid Waste and Littering.................................................................................................3
2.3 Sewage..............................................................................................................................4
2.4 Aesthetic Pollution...........................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

As one of the most prominent and emerging economic sectors across the global
periphery, Travel and Tourism makes employment opportunities, boosts export value, and
facilitates growth worldwide. This sector, consisting of a wide array of industries, expects to
serve and bolster household, global, business and recreation guests. Companies, huge or micro,
endeavour to create merchandise and services which have the potential to unite individuals,
bolster networks and praise the wonders that only tourism can make true.
In its yearly examination measuring the worldwide financial and employment effect of
Travel and Tourism in 185 nations and 25 regional areas, the World Travel and Tourism
Council's (WTTC) study uncovers that this industry represented 10.4% of worldwide GDP and
319 million occupations, or 10% of overall employment within the year 2018. The division of
overall expenses is solidly weighted towards the recreation market that illustrated 78.5% of the
overall, contrasted with 21.5% for business spend, and this industry represents 6.5% of overall
worldwide exports and 27.2% of overall worldwide service exports trades. Domestic travel
industry that illustrated 71.2% of overall travel industry spending in 2018, witnessed the most
growth in developing countries. They keep on supporting regional improvements as well as
economic benefits.
The constant increase in the quantum of middle class families and the strong
development in worldwide buyer spending empowered the Travel and Tourism sector's
development to arrive at 3.9%, outpacing the worldwide economy for the 8th continuous year.
The USA, China, Japan, Germany and the UK were the leading five markets within the year
2018, cumulatively signifying 47% of the worldwide Travel and Tourism GDP.
Irrespective of the above statistics, it has been determined that the travel and tourism hold
a number of negative effects also. Such impacts adversely affect the economies across the globe
as well as the people which pertain to it.
1. DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Tourism holds a number of negative impacts for the society as well as environment.
Some of the major negative impacts of tourism in this regard are briefly explained as follows:-
1.1 Water Resources
Tourism industry generally uses a lot of water in hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and
personal use of water by tourists. The excess use of water can cause shortage of it. More water
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would be wasted and hence it will degrade the water supply. So we can say that tourism can
affect the water resource a lot.
1.2 Local resources
Local resources like food, energy and other raw materials can also be affected by tourism.
Tourists need resources for their stay and that can put a lot of pressure on the supply of local
resources. Shortage of the local resources can affect the lives of local people living in that area.
1.3 Deforestation or Land Degradation
Forest suffers the most negative impact of tourism as people cut trees to make hotels and other
spot for the tourists which cause the deforestation. Tourism can also put a negative impact on
land. It can affect wildlife also to a large extent.
1.4 Pollution
Tourism cases a large extent of pollution. Tourists throw bottles, plastics and other things which
cause pollution. It also leads to an increase in noise as well as air pollution. More tourism means
more sound and more vehicles which results in the phenomenon of noise pollution.
1.5 Climate Change
Too much of tourism also causes the change in climate which can lead to natural disasters like
floods, earthquakes, drought, storms and avalanches. It also increases the chance of diseases to
be spread in the area which can affect the lives of many people.
1.6 Other effects
The developments of tourism facilities such as hotels, restaurants, water supplies and recreation
of facilities can cause involve mining, soil erosion. In addition, creation of roads, airports,
railway stations and bus stands can cause the land degradation and loss of wildlife habitats and
natural beauty of the place.
2. POLLUTION
Tourism tends to have a severe impact over the environment in the form of pollution.
This encompasses air emission, noise, solid waste and littering, releases of sewage and aesthetic
pollution. These are briefly explained as follows:-
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2.1 Air as well as Noise Pollution
Transportation by way of airways, roadways and railways has been constantly inflating owing to
the rapid increase in quantum of travellers as well as their excessive mobility. The increment in
air travellers across the global periphery has led to a rapid rise in air emission across the globe.
One study estimated that a single transatlantic return flight emits almost half the CO2 emissions
produced by all other sources (lighting, 2 heating, car use, etc.) consumed by an average person
per year. Transport emissions and emissions from energy production and use are linked to acid
rain, global warming and photochemical pollution. Air contamination from visitor transportation
has impacts on worldwide level, particularly from carbon dioxide discharges identified with
transportation energy usage. In addition to this, it leads to extreme domestic air contamination. A
part of these effects are very explicit to traveller activities. For instance, particularly in hot or
cold nations, tourism vehicles regularly leave their engines running for a considerable length of
time while the sightseers go out for an outing since they need to come back to an AC vehicle.
Noise pollution from planes, autos, and other types of transports, just as recreational vehicles, for
example, snowmobiles as well as jet skis, is regarded as an apparent issue of day to day life.
Apart from leading to inconvenience, tension, and in any event, hearing impairment for people, it
results in sufferings for wildlife, particularly within the confines of vulnerable zones.
2.2 Solid Waste and Littering
In localities such as Asia, Africa, America and Australia whereby traveller activities are on a
rise, waste disposal is an apparent negative impact that is witnessed as a result of tourism. It
causes damage to the indigenous habitat, waterways, scenic auras, roadside etc. For instance,
voyage transports in the Caribbean are evaluated to have been creating in excess of 70,000 tons
of wastage every annum. Solid waste and littering can cause damage to the clear and beautiful
view of water and shoreline and may even result in passing away of some of the marine
creatures. With respect to mountain territories, trekking visitors produce a lot of waste.
Travellers who are out for tours abandon their trash, oxygen chambers together with their
equipments related to camping. These kinds of traveller activities tend to worsen the condition of
the earth with a large quantum of wastage generated within the remote territories, dampening the
situation there as they barely have any trash collection or disposal arrangements. Thus, this is
regarded to a crucial negative impact that is seen on the part of travelling and tourism upon the
world.
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2.3 Sewage
Development of lodging facilities, amusements and other related services frequently prompts
increased sewage contamination. Wastewater contaminates oceans and lakes encompassing
vacation destinations, harming the widely varied vegetation. Sewage spill over cause genuine
harm for coral reefs since it contains heaps of supplements and it restricts the development of
green growth (algae) that surrounds filter feeding corals, obstructing their capacity of endurance
and survival. Alterations witnessed in relation to saltiness as well as transparency tend to hold
long lasting effects on coastal conditions. Also, sewage contamination can lead to compromise
with the lives of people as well as creatures.
2.4 Aesthetic Pollution
Many a times, it is seen that the travel industry neglects to coordinate its structures with the
common features as well as indigenous architecture of the location. An absence of land-use
arrangements as well as building guidelines in a number of tourist destinations such as Asia,
Africa, America, Australia and so on, has encouraged sprawling improvements across coastline,
valley and tourist detours. Such kind of spread incorporates the travel industry services along
with assistance infrastructural facilities, for example, streets, staff lodging, parking, wastage
disposal etc.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Postma, A. and Schmuecker, D., 2017. Understanding and overcoming negative impacts of
tourism in city destinations: conceptual model and strategic framework. Journal of
Tourism Futures, 3(2), pp.144-156.
Rathnayake, S., 2016. Negative Environmental Impacts of Beach Tourism: With special
reference to Unawatuna coastal area.
Su, L., Huang, S. and Huang, J., 2018. Effects of destination social responsibility and tourism
impacts on residents’ support for tourism and perceived quality of life. Journal of
Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(7), pp.1039-1057.
Bargeman, B., Richards, G. and Govers, E., 2018. Volunteer tourism impacts in Ghana: a
practice approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), pp.1486-1501.
Martinez, R.R., 2019. The Impacts of Tourism.
Spenceley, A., Hvenegaard, G., Bushell, R., Leung, Y.F., McCool, S.F. and Eagles, P.F., 2018.
The impacts of protected area tourism. Tourism and Visitor Management in Protected
Areas: Guidelines for Sustainability, pp.9-26.
Garau-Vadell, J.B., Gutierrez-Taño, D. and Diaz-Armas, R., 2018. Economic crisis and
residents’ perception of the impacts of tourism in mass tourism destinations. Journal of
destination marketing & management, 7, pp.68-75.
But, J.W.P. and Ap, J., 2017. The impacts of casino tourism development on Macao residents’
livelihood. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 9(3), pp.260-273.
Martínez‐Garcia, E., Raya, J.M. and Majó, J., 2017. Differences in residents' attitudes towards
tourism among mass tourism destinations. International Journal of Tourism
Research, 19(5), pp.535-545.
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