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HFS353 Incident and Accident Investigation
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Singapore University of Social Sciences
Incident and Accident Investigation\ (HFS353)
Added on 2020-02-23
HFS353 Incident and Accident Investigation
Singapore University of Social Sciences
Incident and Accident Investigation\ (HFS353)
Added on 2020-02-23
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Running head:INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION1Incident and Accident InvestigationStudent PIName of StudentInstitutional AffiliationName of ProfessorDate
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION2Question 1 – Evidence and Timeline1(a)The Quadrant Model is normally used to determine the cause of a problem based on the available evidence and offers the recommendations which should be adopted to avoid the repeat of the problem. This model also helps to establish a solution to the given problem where possible. The Quadrant Model is usually based on four distinct quadrants. The four quadrants arethe behavior quadrant, the values quadrant, the rules quadrant, and the culture quadrant. Most incidences and accidents which occur are always caused by our values, our cultures,the stipulated rules or our behaviors. In the Kaprun fire disaster which occurred on 11THNovember 2000, 157 people lost their lives as a result of fire outbreak when the train entered the tunnel. The cause of the fire was the failure of one of the electric heaters which were installed in the compartments of the conductor. The heater was not designed to be used in a moving vehicle. The heater overheated and ignited a slow leakage of the highly flammable hydraulic oil. This resulted in the melting of the plastic fluid lines which led to the deadly fire flames and reduced hydraulic pressure which resulted in the stoppage of the train and failing of the doors [ CITATION Col04 \l 1033 ].The available evidence about the Kaprun fire disaster can be presented using the Quadrant model. In this model, the available evidence is presented in the four quadrants of the Quadrant Model as follows:
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION3The behavior quadrant. This quadrant explains the causes which could have resulted fromthe behavior of the people. The skiing behavior of the people lies in this quadrant. All the victimsof the inferno had boarded the train to go for skiing at Austria's ski resorts.The values quadrant. This quadrant describes the values, attitudes, principles, and the beliefs which are different in different people. Values are closely related to behaviors, but they are not observable to the general public like the behaviors.The rules quadrant. This is the quadrant which contains all the procedures or the rules which govern the people in organizations, institutions, countries or other different places. The use of the wrong electric heater in the train was as a result of going against some rules which govern the manufacturing company. The companies should be very strict on their rules to make sure all the materials used in the manufacturing process are the materials which meet the required standards. Also, on making funicular railways and other types of railways, the safety of the passengers should be considered by making sure these railways can be easily accessed for assistance in times of accidents [ CITATION All091 \l 1033 ].The culture quadrant. This quadrant which describes the customs, totems, artifacts, attitudes, and other descriptions of a certain group of people. It may also describe the values, rules, and behaviors which are practiced by the group. Skiing is a common culture in different communities. Skiing was the main reason why the victims boarded the train only for them to losetheir lives in the deadly inferno.
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION4The diagrammatic presentation of the Quadrant Model Internal ExternalIndividual GroupsIn the Quadrant Model, the values and the behaviors apply to individual persons while the culture and the rules exist in a group of people. It is also good to mention that the values are internal and can’t be observed by general the public, while the behaviors are external and observable to the general public. BehaviorsValuesCultureRules
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION51(b)The values quadrant. This quadrant encompasses the values which could have led to the Kaprun fire disaster. The entertainment needs of the people which were the root cause of the tragedy lie in this quadrant. The people who lost their lives in this tragedy were on their way to Kitzsteinhorn glacier for mountain skiing to entertain themselves. The entertainment needs lie in this quadrant since entertainment is an internal desire of the people. However, this evidence has ashortcoming in that we can’t say all the people who lost their lives in this inferno longed for the entertainment of mountain skiing. We have some small children who lost their lives, and they didn’t need any entertainment. The many people who lost their lives in this inferno were burnt completely leaving ashes, and some DNA tests were required to identify the victims [ CITATION JMe03 \l 1033 ].The behavior quadrant. This quadrant covers the behavior of the people which led to the disaster. The recklessness of the driver and other control staff was among the causes of the disaster. The use of the inappropriate electric heater in the train resulted from recklessness. The behavior of skiing in groups was also a cause of the disaster. The people of who lost their lives inthis tragedy were heading to skiing at Kitzsteinhorn glacier in a big group. The drivers and other train operators should always be careful to ensure all the materials used in their trains or other machines are the right materials which meet the required standards to avoid unnecessary accidents.
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION6The culture quadrant. This is the quadrant which covers the different cultures of different people. Skiing is one of the normal cultural practices of different communities and was the main reason behind the journey which turned to be a tragedy.The rules quadrant. This quadrant covers the rules or the procedures which govern different organizations, schools, countries or other places. The rules which govern the company which was operating the train were not followed well. The use of the inappropriate electric heaterwhich was the main cause of the inferno resulted from breaking some manufacturing rules. The manufacturing rules should always be followed accordingly to avoid such problems. The funicular nature of the train also contributed to the many deaths which resulted from the accident[ CITATION The00 \l 1033 ]. The rules governing the construction of railways and other transport structures should consider the slopes and the conditions of the areas where the railways are constructed to make sure they are constructed in suitable slopes and places where the people can be saved easily in case of accidents.1(c) Evidence and citations provided in parts (a) and (b)1(d) The timeline of events which led to the fire and the subsequent loss of livesTimeEventContributoryFactorThe categorization of the factor in the Quadrant Model9:00 a.m.The train left the terminus.To take people to Kitzsteinhorn glacier for skiing/entertainmentBehavior/culture/valuesquadrant Some minutes The electric fan heater caught Manufacturer’s
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