Assignment on Incremental Change

Section A
Activity 1A
1. At the time of identifying the requirements or opportunities of change, it is very
important to analyze the objective of the organization as to identify the influence of key
people and the importance of groups of people. It is also important to ensure that
opportunities or changes conform to establish organizational objectives, to applied right
efforts in the right place and make effective and efficient strategies (50MINUTES.COM,
2015).
2. Before identifying and implementing the strategic change in an organization, it is
important to know about types of strategic change. Types of strategic change are:
 Transformation
 Realignment
 Incremental change
 Big Bang
Activity 1B
1. The organization must review the existing policies and practices against strategic
objectives because it may no longer fit to achieve organizational goals. There are many
reasons to review existing policies and procedures. These reasons are:
 Existing policies are not as strategic as per the current business environment.
 Existing policies maybe not fit with new rules and regulation.
 It is also important to analyze the need for change (Appelbaum, et al., 2012).
2. Technological change can create some opportunities and advantages for the organization.
In this situation, at the time of implementing the technological change, it is very
important to review the following types of policies and practices:
 Data protection policies
 Information technology policies
 Employment practices
 Training and development
Activity 1C

1. The achievement of the objectives of an organization may be impacted by following
external trends or events:
 Fluctuations in economy and market
 Credit and financial condition
 Local infrastructure changes
 Changes in legal rules of the country
 Changes in technology
 Customer base ( Elsmore, 2017)
2. PESTLE analysis of McDonald’s UAE
Political factors
If seen, the political factor of the United Arab Emirates is different from the rest of the
countries, which affects its standing matter (50MINUTES.COM, 2015). These may
include the following points:
 The seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates have their own government and
individual organizations that allow for flexible and effective management across
the country.
 Talking about its downside, the UAE is constantly feuding with its neighboring
states and governments over its oil reserves or land.
 The United Arab Emirates has healthy and strong trade relations with many
countries in the world (Berry, 2017).
Based on the above points, it can be said that McDonald's has a good market in the
United Arab Emirates and it can grow well in the future.
Economic Factor
The strength and growth of any country depend on economic factors. This is a relevant
factor in view of the standings of any country (Blokdyk, 2018). The following economic
ideas can be included as a context of the United Arab Emirates -
 If other countries look at the per capita income in the United Arab Emirates, then
it is much higher than the rest of the countries and the GDP rate is also very high.
 The unemployment rate is at a very low level here compared to the rest of the
countries.

 In the context of other countries, the percentage of foreign direct investment
(FDI) is also very high (Issa, et al., 2010).
Taking all these points into consideration, the market of McDonald’s is safe and growing
in this country.
Social factors
The social conditions also affect any business. Social factors are very interesting as the
social environment of the UAE. Social factors can include:
 The job of the people of the United Arab Emirates is highly payable, based on
which people there follow a comfortable lifestyle (Wallis, 2017).
 The effect of globalization has been seen on the UAE as well, now people of
different cultures are also seen here.
 Religion is an important matter in the UAE and its impact is seen in society as
well. For example, women there can be seen wearing a specific type of clothes.
Due to these social reasons and the high pay of the people here, McDonald's business is
growing very fast.
Technological factors
Today's era is the era of technology. Technical factors are mainstreams in today's world.
The United Arab Emirates is a wealthy country and has a largely middle-aged population,
due to which there is no difficulty in adopting the technology (Perera, 2017). But thought
more deeply, the following are the factors that influence UAE technology:
 The young population here is tech-savvy as compared to other countries, which
helps companies present in the UAE to adopt modern technology.
 The United Arab Emirates is a rich country from which modern technology is
adopted in abundance here.
 Modern technology has filled communication and revolutionized fast food
distribution (Yüksel, 2012).
This modern era and increasing technology have greatly helped McDonald’s and the
latest system of fast food distribution has elevated it to a very high position in the market.
Legal factors

In this part of the PESTLE theory, law-related rules will be studied. Under this, the effect
of the law and the rules related to the company is studied (Robertson, 2015). The
following legal factors affect the operation of a business in foreign countries -
 The increase in health regulations has affected its business.
 The United Arab Emirates is an Arab country and Halal meat is preferred here,
whose influence can be seen on business.
 Laws made for animal welfare and saving animals is also affecting business
(Miller, et al., 2011).
Whatever laws are made for children's health have had an impact on McDonald's
business. Animal welfare regulations have also had a negative impact on McDonald's
business.
Environmental factors
Environmental factors have a special place in any PESTLE analysis. These factors are
considered to be the last and long term factors. The environment has an impact on the
business as well as people. Environmental factors for the United Arab Emirates are:
 The climate of the United Arab Emirates is hot and dry due to which variations
are seen here.
 Due to the hot and dry climate, productivity is little here and farming is not easy.
 Some areas of the United Arab Emirates are near the sea, due to which it becomes
easy to trade here.
These environmental and ecological trends have a great impact on McDonald’s; with the
variations in climate is taking place which has a bad effect on McDonald’s business.
Activity 1D
1. Examples of each factor
Performance gaps
 The shortfall in production targets
 The shortfall in sales targets
 Quality problem complaints
Business opportunities

 Staff leaving
 Changes in customer requirements
 Availability of specialist knowledge
Business Threats
 Competitor activity
 Changes in legislation
 Supply problems
Management decisions
 Change in direction/ priorities
 Change in budgets
 Change in organizational objectives
2. To increase the satisfaction level of customers, it is very important to make changes in
the organization. Such as:
 Develop new communities of customer services
 Give training to the existed employees
 Take daily follow-ups about the completion of work
 Provide incentives to the employees
 Treat customers in a good way
 Make changes in the daily targets of the employees (Galagher, 2019)
Activity 1E
1. To review and prioritize the requirements and opportunities of change with relevant
specialists and managers because at the time of change, without prioritizing occur the
changes is a risky decision. It is also important to gain maximum commitment and
involvement from manager to involve and make changes in the organization. It is
important to ensure that plan of making changes is right or not, to avoid lack of
engagement and confusions in the organization.
2. A) Meetings are very important to make logical changes in the organization because you
can gain the attention of the whole group at same time and you can explain the overall

plan of change. First of all, explain the importance of resources and make a plan for
changes to reduce the waste for the supply of ready-made sandwiches. Consult with the
group about the important changes and analyses the cost to occur changes in the
organization because cost analysis is an important factor to make any type of change in
the organization (Gratton, 2017).
B) Suppliers and contractors are important in food industry because they supply all the
raw material to make food products. In this case, it is very essential to give brief to the
contactors about the changes. The key points which can include in this conversation are:
 Cost of raw materials
 Consistency in delivering raw materials
 Change plan related to the supply of products
Activity 2A
1. The most popular way to evaluate the project for change management is to consider as
the analysis of cost-benefit for various projects and then choose a project that has low
cost and high profit (Hayes, 2018).
Marginal defines the role of cost-benefit as follows: “Perspective with Plans of next five
years set a clear plan and strategy for growth by the allocation of resources between
sectors. However, the plan of incremental inclusion in the strategies leaves many planned
questions untouched and this is the strategic decision that is the domain of cost benefit-
cost analysis." It provides the best criteria for evaluation of plan in a planned economy.
This would assist the Planning Authority in making the right investment decisions for
achieving optimal resource allocation by maximizing the gap between the present cost of
benefits and project costs.
Thus the cost-benefit analysis "aims to quantify and describe social benefits and losses as
a general monetary unit of a policy." The objective function can be described as net
social benefits (NSB) = benefits – costs where benefits and costs are measured in the
form of accounting prices of inputs, not actual market prices.
2. The training program is a good decision for the organization to attract and retain best
ability out there. By providing the development programs and training, it shows the

commitment for the employees’ development. It can also increase the cost savings in the
organization (Jayatilleke & Lai, 2018).
Activity 2B
1. Risk analysis or Risk Management Plans think about these ideas that can identify,
anticipate and resolve solutions in terms of running projects into problems that work for
change management strategy. A good project risk management plan in change
management can withstand unexpected problems arising, as the planner has taken into
account all possible scenarios that may go wrong while executing the change process.
2. If a graphic company wants to complete its work based on new technology, then it faces
many types of obstacles, some of which may be as follows:
Many market-related risks cannot be controlled directly. There is a risk that consumer
demands or requirements may change; resulting in the products and services of the
company, there is less demand for it. There is a risk that a competitor may offer a product
that makes the company's product less desirable to consumers, or that a competitor may
offer a competitive product at a significantly lower price, threatening either sales or
operating profit margins There is always the risk of a general downturn in the economy
that enables consumers to buy the company's products, at least in sales (Kotter, 2012).
3. To overcome the barriers, it is very important to make an effective strategy. With some
basic strategies, an organization can overcome the barriers and these basic strategies are
communication, leadership, correct timing, and involvement of employees, negotiation,
and manipulations.
Activity 2C
1. Implement changes in the organization is a very difficult process and it is also hard to
change the method of work. In this case, change management project plan works very
well. Planning includes the need for changes, cost analysis of change management,
confirm with employees and many more. This planning helps to implement the changes
effectively and efficiently because it is also important to inform the employees about the
changes and it needs a perfect plan. The underlying concept of the competition idea, the
pace of change and the pace of change management is an underlying core issue. Change

Management is very important because it is the principle of identifying its essence and
removing obstacles (Nolan, 2012).
2. The following information must be included in order to make any change management
project plan successful:
a. Increase urgency - motivate individuals to make the carrying objectives relevant
and real.
b. Give guidance to the Team - Get the right individual or people in place with the
right expressive commitment, and have the right mix of levels and skills.
c. Get the vision right - Establish a simple strategy and vision focus on the creative
and emotional aspects needed to drive service and efficiency.
d. Dialogue for Buy-in - Connecting as many people as possible, compulsory
dialogue, simply, and appeals to and responds to people's needs.
e. Strong action - removing obstacles, enabling lots of positive feedback and support
from leaders - reward and recognize progress and achievements.
f. Make short term wins - Objectives are easier to achieve that goal. Set - Bite-size
in quantity. The manageable number of initiatives is finishing the current stages
before introducing new ones.
g. The value of successful change is strong through the making of change stick -
recruitment, promotion, new change leaders (Voehl & Harrington, 2017).
Activity 2D
1. A High officer or relevant authority represents an agreement between the project sponsor
and manager as to what the project will achieve, project cost and duration, deliverables to
be built, and many more. It makes logic that the relevant authority and sponsor must
agree with this document in due course should do. If it is possible, then approval must be
in writing on the physical document. Also, there are many other company and project
persons who may need to approve the document, and these people may vary depending
on the organization's policies. In this may include:
a. Finance. To validate funding for the project company may need a Finance
Manager for approval.

b. Purchase. The projects of the company are going to use a considerable amount of
company’s external resources such as supplies, labor, and equipment. It may need
a Procurement Manager to get approval that contracts are in place or the
Procurement Department to resolve resources is attached to staffing in many
organizations, staffing manners coordinate the availability of resources on
projects (Lewis, 2019).
2. To make effective changes in the organization, funding is an important element and
consults and take permission from the funding partner is also important. In the discussion
with the funding partner, manager of the organization will discuss the need or
requirement of the changes, change management strategy, project plan and change
program. After that, manager will give brief about the benefits.
Activity 2E
1. Kind of Resources:
 Project registration
 Phase time planning
 Project Timeline (Gantt chart)
 Print schedule
 Project status
 Control of cost, revenue, and risk
 Comparison of cost and revenue by stages
 Project dashboard
 Dashboard by stage
2. The following resources are required to implement a small scale project under change
management:
 Include an action plan in action.
 Get real changes and developments.
 Ensuring the sustainable new institutions, new infrastructure, and new resources in
every aspect.
 Ensure that any unexpected problems encountered throughout this phase are resolved.
 Confirming transparency about finances.

 Ensure that potential gains are not captured by nobility at the expense of poor social
groups.
3. As per the project, every employee and structure has to be updated. Because in the
context of a graphic design company, technology is an important factor and technology
always be updated. This type of changes takes a long time and to do these changes, a
proper plan is very important which includes every step of it.
Activity 3A
1. A perfect communication plan in change management involves some essential steps and
these steps are:
a. Communicate the change management plan
b. Make a clear blueprint of the plan
c. Create a list of members and employees
d. Give all the information about the changes to the employees
e. Support the people to make changes
f. Encourage employees
g. Keep everyone in the discussion
h. Proper training and development
i. Embrace the role of employees
2. There are many benefits to making changes in the technology of the organization. The
potential benefits are:
 Fast response to the customers
 Align existing resources of the organization
 Increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization
 Increase the investment or returns
 Develop new opportunities for the organization
3. The biggest loss of this change is less involvement and interest of employees. Because
when employees working in the organization, then after some time they feel comfortable
and at the time of implementing the changes, they have to leave their comfort and make
the changes which are very difficult phase for the organization. With effective

communication, the change manager can motivate and develop the interest of employees
which will increase their interest in new changes.
Activity 3B
1. There are also finer elements that need to be considered and planned during any physical
movements (computers and telephone systems, tables, screens, projectors, chairs, equipment,
and so on), perhaps under the management of an experienced change manager.
The element that is often overlooked comes from people; People's influence on themselves,
as well as the changing effects on organizational culture and climate. Employees will often
have undefined patterns or practices, which are boundaries between teams and departments
and, if disturbed, may have little impact on the climate of the organization. It can be as
simple as taking a morning walk for coffee with other team members, arranging informal and
regular lunch for teams that keep the inter-team relationships friendly and supportive. Or it
can be as unstable as interdepartmental meetings, which can now be more challenging for
organizing teams in individual buildings or cities this comes under change management
(Appelbaum, et al., 2012).
2. To determine training objectives company can use the some Learning Objective Model
that comprehensively meet the needs of our trainees. In this session, trainees can learn
about the training organization have given to the trainees, determine the required
behavior at the end of the session, determine the conditions under which the knowledge
was used, and the level of knowledge required.
Activity 3C
1. To introduce the new equipment in the organization in a consultation meeting, it is
important to involve most of the stakeholders of the company. The organization will
select the shareholders, CEO, board members, managers, senior managers, employees,
workers, and suppliers. This consultation meeting will organize in the organization at the
time of planning changes. In this consultation meeting, manager will give the description
of the changes, technology and equipment and process of changes ( Elsmore, 2017).
Stakeholders will give their feedback about the changes and as per the discussion; they

can ask questions to the change manager. The output of this meeting will give clarity to
the organization about changes and it will motivate the employees.
2. Most importantly, the changes will affect the employees in the organization. The change
will impact the productivity of the organization. Previously, company was working with
less technology but after introducing new technologies and equipment, employees will
face many issues to use different equipment which can decrease the productivity of
organization.
Activity 3D
1. The major barrier in the project which might encounter by the organization is the level of
adoption the technologies by the employees. After implementing the changes, the
adoption rate mostly starts low because most of the employees not like to change the
method of work. To remove this barrier, change manager can give the proper training to
the employees.
Activity 3E
1. An organization needs the following actions while planning a project:
Action Research and Analysis
The first step should be to understand the problem and to do this action research is the main
factor, for this, the following is included:
 Evaluate whatever risk appears in the project.
 After that, the number comes to measure the readiness under which the officers and
employees are seen.
After this step comes with the ability to evaluate, that is how an organization can align with
change.
Career planning
The second main step is to develop career planning. The strategy made in this is to convert it
into action and keep the action time involved with it.

Redesign the job
After this, the main task left is to redesign the job. In this, the support of employees is
achieved and awareness is created about change.
Activity 3F
1. Whenever a change is made in an organization, the benefits of change for it are known
before that work and it acts as an appraisal of progress and through change, the
organization can rapidly adapt to the demands of the customers. It can react and change it
is implemented accordingly to the requirement.
2. To reduce waste and improve quality and efficiency, it is important to make changes in
the working operations of the organization and manufacturing of the products. There are
strategic methods to reduce waste.
 Improve the quality of machines and equipment
 Eliminate the waste
 Reduce the lead time and total cost
 Inventory
Activity 3G
1. Evaluation and review are ways to systematically measure and evaluate program
activities and outcomes. They aim to systematically monitor progress in evaluation,
reviews, and outcomes. They help determine when to plan an event and when a change is
needed. They form the basis for modifying interventions and evaluating the quality of any
activity undertaken. In addition, with a positive result, they can be used to demonstrate
that programs are implemented effectively and have a measurable impact (Finch, 2011).
2. Methods to evaluate and review the progress of the change program:
 Identify what can be improved.
 Make a solid business proposal and present it to the stakeholders
 A plan should be prepared for whatever changes are to be made.
 Resources and data should be collected so that an evaluation can be done.
 Communication tools should be strengthened.
 Celebrate success after achieving it.

3. Review changes or change request is also a process which includes some steps. These
steps include:
a. Explain the change request as it is a document to request the actual changes.
b. Submit and review the request for change.
c. Define the options to create documents on response.
d. Take the final decisions and report.
e. In the end, make changes to fulfill the gaps.
Section A
To make changes in activities of the organizations, it is very important to analyses the need of
changes. Companies hire change managers to make effective changes in the organization. Before
making the plan of change, change manager analyses the objectives of organization and existing
policies of the organization. If company wants to make changes in the policies of the
organization then it is important to research the existing policies.
Organizational objectives
 Increase productivity
 Motivate employees
 Earn higher profit
 Develop the business
Existing policies
 Health and safety
 Human resources
 Effective use of resources
 Risk management
Organization wants to make changes in the policies of the organization but there are many
barriers which are impacting these changes and these barriers are:
 Negative attitude of employees
 Less involvement of employees
 Lack of commitment
 Less management resource
 Less communication

After identify the changes, the change manager will discuss about the need of changes to the
stakeholders of the company. Stakeholders include CEO, directors, managers, senior managers,
employees and customers. But in the case of changes in the policies of organization, there is no
need to involve customers. After discuss with the stakeholders, change manager develops the
change plan and communicate with the employees.
Communication is an important part of change management because without effective
communication, organization will face many barriers to make changes. After communicate the
plan with employees of the organization, it is time to make changes in organization. After
making the changes, employees’ training is very important because after the changes, employees
get demotivated and to motivate the employees, organization will give training and development
to the employees.
Now change manager needs to follow-up the effectiveness of changes. And if he finds any
change then he will repeat the process and make changes.
Section B
1. Development change- When an organization recognizes the needs and requirements to
develop the business of organization, that time organization occurs the development
change.
Transitional change- To make the improvements in organizational works, an
organization implement the new course of action, that called transitional change.
2. Change interacts with organization and affects all of organization - including customers
and partners. The success of change in the organization lies in their people reactions. So,
change communication, exchange benefits and goals and the role of employees who
played a role in this change is important. This is the reason why internal communication
is key to success during the transition (Finch, 2011).
3. External factors which can impact the organizational change:
 Economic condition
 Political conditions of the country
 Consumer base
 Local infrastructure
 Whether changes

 Technological changes
 External changes
4. Core details to be include in the project plan document:
 Deliverables
 Structure of work
 Budget
 Schedule
 Human resource plan
 Quality analysis
 Statement of scope
5. Key steps to overcome the barriers in change
 Communicating the change
 Involve the employees
 Take support from management
 Proper implementation as per the plan
Section C
Change Management Project Plan
Introduction
Change management plan is important to develop a new project or make changes in the
organization. To make effective changes in the organization, it is important to hire a change
manager because change manager has knowledge that how to make proper and effective
changes. Change management plan includes some steps to follow because without a right plan,
make changes can be very difficult and risky for the organization.
Reasons of change
To implement the change plan, it is important to analyses the reasons of change. To start a new
project, organizational change is important because at time of develop new project, organization
needs some efficient and effective employees to implement the changes and it can affect the
other projects of the organization (Voehl & Harrington, 2017).

Meeting with stakeholders
After analyzes the requirements and reasons of change, arrange stakeholder meeting because
organizational change effects every employee of the organization. In this meeting, managers will
describe the need of changes in front of stakeholders and internal upper level stakeholders such
as CEO, Board of directors motivate the employees to give support to the changes.
Change management team
After the meeting, change manager will make a team of change management. This team will
include the higher authority of the organization which helps manager to make changes and
motivate the employees.
Communication
Communication is an essential part to implement organizational changes. In this step, change
manager communicate the every step of change with the stakeholders. This is also helpful to
motivate the employees.
Implementation of change
As per the plan, it is time to implement the plan with the help of stakeholders. In this step,
manager will start a new project in the organization with new team.
Follow-up
Implement the changes is not the last step of the change management project plan. After the
implementation, change manager and project manager will take the proper follow-ups from the
entire organization.
If organization needs any other change then it is time to make a new plan as per the current
situation of the organization.

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