Organisational Theory and Practice of Marks and Spencer

This report explores the organisational theory and practice of Marks and Spencer, including management styles, principles, functions, leadership style, effects of power and influence, conflict, motivation theories, and recommendations to increase company performance.

Individual Assignment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Management style, principle and functions of management used by CEO of Marks and
Spencer........................................................................................................................................1
Steps taken by CEO in regard to organisation structure in order to achieve high performance
and change in culture brought by CEO and its impact on employees........................................3
Leadership style of CEO of Marks and Spencer to enhance company's effectiveness...............4
Effects of power, influence and conflict at Marks and Spencer.................................................4
Theories of motivation used at Marks and Spencer....................................................................5
Literature and justification with example...................................................................................6
Recommendations to increase company's performance..............................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Organisation theories is defined as a set of interrelated idea of company's behaviour of
businesses. It is basically referred as behaviours of specific employee or group of employees
which work at workplace so that employees will be able to interact with other employees or
group of employees that work in company in order to achieve goals of company(Clark and
Peck,2019). Organisational theory and practice is referred as study and practices of social
relationships of employees towards its company. Organisational theory and practice determines
several external and internal business environment factors such as political, economical, social,
technological, legal and environmental(Waddell and et.al, 2019). This report is based on
organisational theory and practice of Marks and Spencer which is a British multinational retailer
that operates in clothing, home products and food products. This reports includes management
styles, principles and functions of management used by CEO of company, steps taken by CEO
in context of organisational structure in order to achieve high performance and change in culture
brought by CEO and its impact on employees, leadership style to enhance company's
performance, effects of power, influence and conflict, theories of motivation, literature and
justification, recommendations to enhance company's performance along with its conclusion.
MAIN BODY
Management style, principle and functions of management used by CEO of Marks and
Spencer.
Management system of every company consists planning, organising, directing and
controlling different works efforts to achieve company's objectives and goals with an ease.
However management style of company is defined as a specific method by which management
can accomplish its objectives and goals easily. Management style of company includes method
of making decisions, way of planning and organising of work and activities and efficiency of
management to performs its roles and authority in company(Topa and Karyda, 2019). There are
different management styles that varies according to company's management, level of
management and individual to individual. Some of management style that are used by companies
in their operations that are as follows:
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 Persuasive style: In this management style, managers of company apply their persuasive
skills to convince employees that decision that are made are proved to be good and and
effective for company. Authoritative style: In this management style company's managers organizes accurate
what company wants to achieve its goals and objectives.
 Autocratic style: In this management style management aims at focusing on applying top
down approach in company's operations. It is also known as controlling management
style.
There are some management principles that company uses and apply to maintain its effectiveness
and efficiency in their management system. Some of management principle are as follows:
 Principle of unity of command in management states that all works and duties that are
assigned to employees are to given by only one superior boss(Chung and Williamson,
2018).
 Principle of division of work in management states that all work and duties to
subordinates are to be divided according to their skills and specialisation.
 Principle of authority and responsibility used by company's management in which
company ensures that work and duties are performed effectively and efficiently by
optimum utilisation of present resources.
 Principle of initiative in management states that employees in company should take
active participation in company's operations and should provide their opinions about any
concerns.
In terms of Marks and Spencer, company is applying and using different management
functions that are performed by its CEO that are planning of objectives and goals , organising
which relates in dealing and staffing of employees at right place, directing subordinates,
assigning roles and duties and controlling that deals in comparing actual performance with
planned performance and according to improvement needed in operations make necessary
changes for having effective performance.
Steps taken by CEO in regard to organisation structure in order to achieve high
performance and change in culture brought by CEO and its impact on employees.
Organisational structure of company is referred as a structure of company which states
how objectives and roles are performed and taken bin company to accomplish company's desired
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goals(Nagorny-Koring and Nochta, 2018). In terms Marks and Spencer, company's
organisational structure could be designed according to its size and type of business. Company
can identify its organisational structure by:
 By keeping a tie in making compensation to customer experience by duties and
responsibilities at their workplace.
 By having a focus on gaining customer experience as all work and responsibilities are
performed to accomplish company's goals and objectives which is achieved by providing
well services to customers.
 By keeping some layers of responsibilities and duties department in company,
organisation structure of Asda will have the efficiency. As with more layers structure can
make situations and operations complicated that perform roles and duties in company.
 By designing culture of one company and one team and reduced silos between sales and
operations in company.
As every company in market has a aim to achieve its objectives and targets on time..
Organisational structure helps company to work towards its goals and objectives of retail
company(Opotow, 2018). As organisational structure lets the members of company to work
together and demarcates different functions between them. In terms of Marks and Spencer,
company's organisational structure creates an impact on employees as a poorly designed
organisational structure leads to have low productivity in company. As a result in company there
will be less delegation of work among staff members of company. As poorly designed
organisational structure results in having no incentives, no centralised decisions that could be
taken which affects company's operations. As when organisational structure is properly designed
and job roles are clearly identified employees will be able to perform with their higher efficiency
so that objectives and targets can be met easily. A rightly designed organisational structure helps
in attaining efficiency and gaining higher revenues.
Leadership style of CEO of Marks and Spencer to enhance company's effectiveness.
Leadership is referred as management ability of company to plan and accomplish several
planned and challenging objectives of company, by taking accurate decisions and actions when
in need, deal with competition and influencing employees of company to perform their job roles
and duties and effectiveness and efficiency(Link and Scott, 2019). It is important for every
business company to leadership in company's operations that provides employees guidance for
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accomplishing company's goals and objectives. There are various leadership styles that could be
applied by company to influence employees and staff members of company. Some of effective
leadership style are as follows: Democratic leadership: In this style of leadership, leader and staff members actively
participates in company's operations and decision making. Democratic leadership style is
also known as participative leadership style. Laissez faire leadership: In this leadership style leader of company generally aims at
having employee empowerment in company. As company's employees themselves takes
initiatives in making and taking decisions of company and provide their opinion in order
to have better effectiveness in company's operations.
 Autocratic leadership: In this leadership style leader directs, guides and makes decisions
in company. Autocratic leadership style is is considered as an effective leadership style
and only leader takes decision and influence employees to carry company's operations.
In terms of Marks and Spencer, company is following transactional leadership style at
their workplace that mainly focus on increasing performance of company so that effectiveness
and efficiency could be maintained in company. This leadership style basically aims at
increasing performance of company as when employees perform their duties and job roles well
company will be able to accomplish its goals and objectives easily. As company's CEO is
committed to achieve company's objective by ensuring that high performance and effectiveness
could be maintained.
Effects of power, influence and conflict at Marks and Spencer.
Power and influence are considered as a fundamental human phenomena which consists
conscious personality and psyche of employees in company(Cole and Martin, 2018). As power
and influence is considered as an traditional concepts which are used by companies. Generally
refers to a potential and capability which directs and influence behaviours of employees which
are working in company. It consists of determining and analysis of behaviours of employees
which are working in companies. In terms of Marks and Spencer, power and influence is
important component which is used in company. As it helps managers to take to monitor
employees and directs them to perform their duties and roles that are to be performed in order to
achieve company's challenging goals and objectives with an ease. As power and influence plays
a vital role in having effective performance. Power and influence can lead to positive and
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negative impact on company as when it is accurately used it helps in increasing company's
effectiveness and when its is not applied properly in management operations it leads to lack of
productivity in company.
Conflicts in company is defined as a situation of disagreement and misunderstanding in
company(Netten and Beecham, 2018). Conflicts can lead to create difference of planned
performance and actual performance . It could leads in affecting company;'s efficiency and
performance. In order to increase effectiveness in company it is necessary to resolve conflicts on
time until it provides a huge loss to company. Timely resolution of conflicts could help in
avoiding damages and disputes among company's staff members. Conflicts management is
necessary in company to manage its operations and activities. In terms of Marks and Spencer,
conflicts could be rise in relation to job roles, incentives, inequality and efficiency that could
affect company's performance. As when conflicts are not managed properly its leads to rise in
disputes and disagreements that directly affect company's performance(Clifford, 2019). So for
maintaining long survival and profits of company conflicts should be timely resolved by
superiors of company so that there will be no occurrence of confusions and dissatisfaction among
employees and staff members and brand image of company can be maintained in corporate
markets. It is essential to resolve conflicts on time.
Theories of motivation used at Marks and Spencer.
Motivation is defined as willingness to perform duties and responsibilities that results in
fulfilling their wants and needs. Basically motivation simply refers to methods that initiates,
guides and maintain behaviours of staff members of company. It generally consists of social,
emotional, biological forces that directs and guides employee's behaviours(Brunetta and et.al,
2018). There are various motivation theories that are used by companies to motivates their staff
member and employees in order to have high performance and increased efficiency of company.
Motivation could be used in companies in order to accomplish company's goals and objectives.
In terms of Marks and Spencer various motivation that company applies in their operations in
order to enhance its performance are as follows:
 Marks and Spencer should be determined and should keep trust and faith on its
employees for increasing its performance. Marks and Spencer keeps faith and values its
employees in their working in order to make employees feel valued at company and they
get motivated and perform their duties and roles effectively.
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 Marks and Spencer is focusing on its employees 's health and hygiene factors at their
workplace so as a result staff members can feel comfortable and relaxed towards their
works.
 Company regularly reward their employees for performing their best job roles in
company. There are various incentives that could be provided to employees for their
performing well like providing them discount cards, holiday vouchers, pay slip vouchers,
private healthcare and many other benefits that keep their staff member motivated.
 Marks and Spencer should focus on developing personality of employees so that effective
performance and profitability can be maintained.
 Company should aims at providing flexible working hours to its employees as by giving
them flexible timings, paying timely salaries, health benefits and gym membership to
keeps its employees motivated towards their job roles.
 Company and its CEO takes care of its employee's wants and desires and to fulfil that
company pay fair and equal wages and timely salaries without having delay so that their
employees can be able to fulfil their demands and needs and gets self motivated.
Literature and justification with example
There are various corporate examples that can be given to justify organisational theories
and practices in company(Reeves, 2018).
TESCO is a British supermarket chain which deals in selling retailing products and
services to customers. Company is using different organisational theories and practices in their
operations in order to maintain its survival in markets for longer term. TESCO is applying
various management principles in their in order increase effectiveness of company. Company is
using democratic leadership style in their company's activities and ensures that its employees
takes active participation in company's decision making so that its goals and objectives could be
achieve easily. TESCO regularly keeps its focus on motivating employees by rewarding them
and giving them different incentives on their effective performance to keep a flow operations and
motivates employees.
Recommendations to increase company's performance.
From above report it has been determined that there are various organisational theories
and practices which company uses to maintains effectiveness in company. There are some of
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recommendations that are provided to Marks and Spencer to maintain its efficiency and
effectiveness and increase performance in markets. Various recommendations are as follows:
 Marks and Spencer's finance team and its buyers should be properly trained and skilled
for having effectiveness in their performance.
 Company can define and communicate company goals and performance objectives in
order to maintain efficiency(Briggs and Cooper,2020).
 Marks and Spencer can apply preemptive management and recognition in their operations
to motivate employees.
 Company can offer frequent performance feedback regularly so that required changes can
be done in company for gaining competitive advantage.
 Marks and Spencer can aims at focus on building its productivity so that company can
able to good performance.
 Company should aims at focusing on giving transparency so that employees and staff
members can get a clear vision about company's dealings with suppliers.
 Marks and Spencer can use various management principles in their operations in order to
have systematic management system in company's operations.
 Data and input errors of Marks and Spencer that are determined by suppliers of company
can be resolved timely by experts by using various business theories.
CONCLUSION
From above report it can be concluded that organisational theory and practices are
considered as an important and essential concept to determine and analyse organisational
behaviour of employees towards their company. Above report briefly identifies about
management styles, principles and functions of company. Organisational structure is identified
according to company's activities. There are various leadership styles and motivational theories
that were used by company to enhance their operations are briefly explained. There are different
aspects of power, influence and conflicts which is explained to analyse behaviours of employees
along with justification of discussion of statement and recommendations to have efficiency and
effectiveness in company.
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REFERENCES
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in theory and practice.Sport in Society,21(8), pp.1204-1222.
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