Literature review on (CSR) corporate social responsibility - Assignment

Individual Report for Study
Skills Higher Education

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Literature review and its purpose.................................................................................................1
Literature review on corporate social responsibility....................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Skill is the type of work that require some training to gain more knowledge so that it can
be used effectively and efficiently. It means doing some work by applying some skills so that it
will give productive results.
Skills can be classified into three categories such as Transferable, Personal and
knowledge based. It means doing systematic work by applying some effort into it. Every
individual must possess some skills like positive attitude, communication, team work so that the
work is being done in effective manner.
Report will include the meaning of literature review and its purpose. Further more it will
include the meaning, models and theories of CSR and its competitiveness and issues under the
corporate social responsibility.
MAIN BODY
Literature review and its purpose
A literature review is a type of article. It is related to the published information in a
particular area that is being written in a certain period of time. It is a simple summary of the
work that is written by the particular author. It consists of important information regarding the
sources. It may include some new and old information that is being written by the author. The
focus of the literature review is to summarize the different ideas and arguments that are given by
the different researchers. It is a type of paper that includes the current knowledge including the
findings of the research paper. Literature review can be theoretical as well as methodological
contributions of a particular topic. These are the secondary sources written by collecting the data
from some other sources the work done is not original. Most of the literature reviews are found
in the academic journal(Hart,2018). It is the base for every researcher in writing the research
paper.
Literature review is being done by the student of graduate and post graduate in preparing
the thesis, dissertation and a journal article. These are also written in the research proposal as it is
a document that is approved before making the dissertation or thesis by the student. There are
mainly three types of literature review such as evaluative, exploratory and instrumental. Fourth
type of review is the systematic review that focused on the research question. This research is
used to identify the high quality research evidence and arguments that is relevant to the question.
A meta analysis is a systematic review that is being used in doing the statistical methods to
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obtain the effective and reliable results from the study conducted by the researcher. The aim of
the literature review is to determine the author's knowledge in a particular field of study. It has
three functions firstly to convey the knowledge and ideas that are getting from the research topic,
find out the strength and weaknesses and message is to be passed to the reader that the researcher
is knowing about the theories and used in this research.
Purpose of literature review
The main purpose of the literature review is to provide the knowledge about the topic of
the research. It helps in identifying the areas if any duplication of work is being done by the
researcher(Lu, Zhao and While, 2019)It also helps in identifying the gaps in research , conflict in
between the research and if any questions left by the researcher. It identifies the if any
justification is required in the research or not. Identify the relationship of works related to the
topic of the research. In literature review researcher can place its own research and on that
further research is being done. It provides the position to the research project so as to provide the
perspective for the reader. It increases the knowledge about the subject area where the researcher
is doing it. It determines the sources from the topic is being written by the researcher.
Literature review helps in identifying the research design used by the researcher in the
study. It helps in gaining the understanding of the existing research that is conducted by the
researcher on a particular topic or area in which the study is being conducted. The knowledge is
being presented in the form of reports. Through this knowledge is gained related to the
Important concepts, research methods and experimental techniques that are used in different
fields by the researcher(Corporate social responsibility.2013)The knowledge can be obtain by
this that how researcher will apply the concept while doing the research.
Literature review on corporate social responsibility
Meaning
According to the Machi and McEvoy, (2016)Corporate social responsibility refers to the actions
that are being taken by the companies to promote the social welfare in the company. Different
owners are doing different CSR activities. Institutes that are run for the CSR purpose are come
under the non-profit organisation. Some examples of such organizations that are running under
the CSR is transparent hands, kick starter, seedrs, just giving etc. There are four types of social
responsibility that include legal, philanthropic, economic and ethical. This practice is done by the
company to improve the social welfare activities of the country. Mostly large organizations are
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doing the CSR activities so as to create the social welfare among the people. Still, most of the
companies are not doing this activity. CSR policies and programs helps the society in growing
for the future.
As per the view of theBooth, Sutton and Papaioannou,( 2016)Corporate social responsibility is a
business approach that is being used by the companies for the purpose of doing social welfare for
the country. It enhances the social and corporate interest of the people in the country. CSR
policies and actions adopt by the companies reflect the responsibilities towards the social well-
being.
Importance of Corporate social responsibility
Plourde and Bloch, (2016)stated that Corporate social responsibility plays a vital role in
the economy of the country. It allows companies to do a little contribution for the society. It give
chance to the employees of the organisation to contribute for the society. As all the people live
for themselves and for their families but doing something for other people give them a sense of
belonging. Bringing a smile to the other people give a pleasure and a inner satisfaction that
contributing to the society is good. One should not forget that society is also an important part in
our lives. CSR gives opportunities to the organisation to come forward and do some work for the
betterment of the society. It creates a positive word of mouth among the different organizations.
Doing something for the society will take business to the higher level and ensure the long term
growth and success.CSR plays a crucial role in making the brand of the company popular in the
marketplace.
According to theMeijer and Bolívar, (2016)People develop a positive attitude towards the
company who are contributing for doing social welfare like in the education of poor people,
opening NGOs for the needy people. Corporate social responsibility gives employee a feeling of
unparalleled happiness. It helps in strengthen the bond among the employees. People are
working together and also become friends at the time of their job. This helps in developing the
sense of loyalty and attachment towards the organisation. Corporate social responsibility builds a
positive image of brand in the market and also helps in building the trust of employees.
Benefits of corporate social responsibility
Dumayand et.al.,(2016)argued that corporate social responsibility improves the image in
the public. As consumers buy products by deciding the brand image of the company. As through
CSR activities awareness is generating among the people. Many simple changes in the favor of
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sustainability help in decreasing the production cost of the company. By doing CSR activities
company can have an advantage over its competitor by considering the social and environmental
factors. It also helps in increasing the customer engagement with the company. As the company's
brand is known to the customer they are getting more involved with that company as it is having
the good brand image. Similar to the customer engagement employee engagement is also has
greater impact in the market among the people. Employees enjoy working with the company's
that take initiative in doing CSR activities for the public. There are range of benefits for the
employees as doing CSR activities promote the productive work by the employees. It helps in
attracting the investors to invest money in the companies. As when companies are donating the
money to non-profit organizations and encourage the employees to become part of these
activities that encourages investors to invest without caring about the profit.
CSR and competitive advantage
According to theCrowther and Seifi, (2018)managers of the company have to choose the
strategies that will help to become successful in the market. There is a link between the CSR and
the competitive advantage as providing the social, environmental needs that helps in
coordinating with the corporate interest of the company. It provides a value for the company as
well as to the society.CSR and competitiveness are linked through three management processes
such as strategy, stakeholder and responsibility. Adopting the CSR strategy directly affects the
competitiveness because it enhances the sustainable development of a corporate vision of the
company. It also expands the relationship between the stakeholders through stakeholder
management.
Grayson and Hodges, (2017)argued that CSR can observed in three areas such as the
creation of value , resource-based view and competitive advantage. It contributes to a positive
market value that can help managers to achieve a competitive advantage and a greater financial
benefits. CSR brings the new knowledge improve the processes and structure of the company.
Companies have to built a strategy that is based on the principle of social responsibility. CSR
requires more development and build capacity to remove poverty, pollution and corruption.
Awareness of the CSR activities is related to the positive reaction of the stakeholder towards the
company.CSR activities affect the major components of organizational structure of the company.
Sometimes because of dynamic market environment businesses are not able to achieve long term
competitive advantage. It is a business strategy helps in protecting the business opportunities.
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Issues under corporate social responsibility
According to theWangand and et.al.,(2016)in the workplace is the biggest issue under
corporate social responsibility. Equality in the workplace means there will be fair and equal
treatment of employees in the organisation as there will not be equality regarding the gender,
race, disability, religion, nationality or age. Equality means making all the people equal
opportunities and equal pay in the organisation. There is no discrimination between the people
under the organisation. It creates a bad impact in the organisation of inequality in the company.
It is the biggest issue in the corporate social responsibility. Equality should be there in the
workplace so that the work can be done effectively and efficiently. Equality is must in the
workplace. There is equal treatment in the workplace for the employees in the organisation.
Equality is the main factor that affect the working in the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that skills plays a vital role in performing any
activity in the organisation. Without using of the skills company cannot done the work
effectively and efficiently. Literature is an article that is written by the particular author. The
main purpose of the literature review is to provide the knowledge about the topic of the research.
It helps in identifying the areas if any duplication of work is being done by the researcher. It also
helps in identifying the gaps in research , conflict in between the research and if any questions
left by the researcher. Corporate social responsibility is doing by the companies for the
betterment of the society.CSR plays a crucial role in making the brand of the company popular in
the marketplace. As by conducting the CSR activities it brings a positive attitude of the brand
among the customers. Corporate social responsibility gives employee a feeling of unparalleled
happiness. It helps in strengthen the bond among the employees. From the above study it can be
observed that CSR activities plays an important part as through which company's brand
awareness increases among the people.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Booth, A., Sutton, A. and Papaioannou, D., 2016. Systematic approaches to a successful
literature review. Sage.
Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. eds., 2018. Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald
Group Publishing.
Dumay, Jand et.al.,2016. Integrated reporting: a structured literature review. In Accounting
Forum (Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 166-185). Taylor & Francis.
Grayson, D. and Hodges, A., 2017. Corporate social opportunity!: Seven steps to make
corporate social responsibility work for your business. Routledge.
Hart, C., 2018. Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage.
Lu, H., Zhao, Y. and While, A., 2019. Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: a literature
review. International journal of nursing studies.
Machi, L.A. and McEvoy, B.T., 2016. The literature review: Six steps to success. Corwin Press.
Meijer, A. and Bolívar, M.P.R., 2016. Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on
smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences.82(2).pp.392-
408.
Plourde, A.R. and Bloch, E.M., 2016. A literature review of Zika virus. Emerging infectious
diseases.22(7).p.1185.
Wangand et.al.,2016 corporate social responsibility: An overview and research directions
thematic issue on corporate social responsibility.
Online
Corporate social responsibility.2013.[Available
through<https://www.iisd.org/business/issues/sr.aspx>
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