Inductive Loop Detection | Physics

Physics

Abstract:-
Inductive loop detection is also called as inductive loop traffic detectors. These
detectors sense the vehicles arriving or passing at a central point of the road. An
inductive loop system measures the amplitude variation and the vehicle count. The
main problem of this research is that the sensor of the traffic light controller not
detects the bicycle. The main aim of this study is to find the best inductive loop for
the design of a bicycle. So that loop can identify the small vehicle for example
bicycle. In this study, different loop method design is used to analyze, which
method is best for all aspect.
1. Introduction:-
Bicycle riding improves mental and physical health. It is environmentally friendly.
Physical exercise improves mental health. Bicycles riding can increase the mobility
in many groups of the population. According to The City Council, a large number of
people should use bicycle to travel in the city. It reduces the wear on the road, and
provides long term money saving. The main highlighted problem is that traffic light
sensors not detect cyclists. This report contains recommendations and evaluation
for the old system and replacing them with a new, more eco-friendly system.
2. Background of the Research:-
The first type of the sensors is the magneto-meter sensors or passive magnetic
sensors; these sensors can be permanently mounted with the road holes or can be
fixed on the road surface. The unit communicates to the near base station use the
wires buried within the street or remote sensors for communication purposes. The
sensor provides the features of the or elliptically offset zone at the location, also
called a blue area. The other type of sensors utilizes pneumatic tubes which are
extended across the carriageway and attached at the both ends of kerb side. These
systems are designed on the temporary basis. Due to the breakable nature of the
tube it can easily be torn or damaged by the or fast moving or heavy vehicles. The
other type of detector is called IDL (inductive detector loops) made up of the coated
with the wire coils and buried in grooves cut off the road surface. These sensors are

sealed with the bituminous filler (Alliance 2012). A buried cable with the circle
transmits the information to a roadside handling unit. The location zone or area for
inductive circle sensors depends upon the cut shape of the circle openings. The
zones or area do not depend upon the slot dimensions, and it depends upon the
overall sensitivity of the system. IDL is mature and cheap technology. The spine
locator introduces to control most of the activities of the control framework. The
fourth type of intrusive system is WIM (Weigh-In-Motion); it is based on the
piezoelectric sensor. It is also called fiber-optic or bending –plate and this type of
network connected to the road. These systems are generally not used and are
utilized in particular locations for authorization or get to control. These systems are
usually coupled with other frameworks, either non-intrusive or intrusive, to provides
extra cross-checks on collected information (Chakraborty, Jana, Ray and Debnath,
2015).
3. Benefits of the Induction Loop system:-
ILDs (Inductive loop detectors) are the widely used traffic sensors. It is widely used
for the detection of vehicles. Presently, for Lane to Lane detection, ILD requires
separate cables for connecting the loops. It also requires the independent detector
channels and acquisition systems to process the data (Yogesh, Sharma, and
Vanajakshi, 2018). The advantage of the inductive loop system is that it is a very
cost effective and efficient technology. So, every dynamic traffic control system
uses IDL data in the world. Mechanical wear not faced by these systems moving
parts. It can detect vehicles with proximity.
4. Working of Induction loop for detection of traffic:-
IDL is a metal detector system that senses the object and measures the field
change when the object passes through it. Once a vehicle moves over a circular
sensor, then the change in the circle field permits the detection device to sense the
presence of the vehicle. Mainly three types of the inductive loop structure used to
sense the vehicles. Figure 1 represents the small loop structure, which is used to
detect small vehicles such as bike, motor, and bicycle. The loop 2 Figure detects
large vehicles such as buses and cars. The third type of loop is a combination of
loop1 and loop2, also sense the heavy vehicles. If the small vehicle passes through

loop 2, then no consideration changes occur in the loop inductance, which leads to
the miss detection.
Figure 1:-Shows types of Loop (Chakraborty, Jana, Ray and
Debnath, 2015)
Figure2: The electronics unit transmits signals at some specific Frequency,
energy into the wire loops (Chakraborty, Jana, Ray and Debnath, 2015).
The inductive loop framework behaves as a tuned electrical circuit, when it is
connected to the cables and wires with the inductive elements. When a vehicle
enters over the wire loop area or inside the circle, then the attractive field produced
by substituting electrical current from the signal detector circuit induces a weak
electrical current within the conductive object (Administration 2006). According to
Lenz's law at the metal surface, the induced current generated by the magnetic
field, and it works against the generated magnetic field of the sensor. As a result,

the sensor circuit changes its resonant frequency and sends the pulse to the
controller, which indicates the presence of the vehicle (Chakraborty, Jana, Ray and
Debnath, 2015).
Inductive loop detector senses the vehicles at traffic signals. It detects the bicycles
which wheels made of conductive materials such as steel, carbon fibers, or
aluminum. Presently, mostly used material for bicycle is carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is
also valued material because it provides flexibility and stiffness to the bicycle
frame. The stiff frame does not absorb energy because It maximizes the degree of
control created by the cyclist is exchanged to the drive train that moves the bicycle
forward
5. Proposed Design:-
Figure 3: - Different type of Cycling positions (a) UP -Right Position (b)
Drooped Position (C)TTP- (Time Trail Position) (Defraeye et al., 2010)
Position showing in the figure related to the sitting position. An appropriate bicycle
posture involves more than simply sitting upright. There must be little pressure on
the hands and the angle of the upper torso slightly shifted towards the forward
direction. Basically, position should be fluid and comfortable.

6. Comparison of Circular and Rectangular induction loop:-
The steady electric current produced the static magnetic field through the arbitrary
closed contour path, and this is calculated by the Biot‐Savart law given below.
6.1 Inductive loop wires:-
If the magnetic flux lines produced the current in the wire, then magnetic flux
shows the electrical property known as inductance. It is measured in Henry. The
self-inductance calculates the current flowing through one wire. The right-hand
thumb rule can determine Megnatic lines. If the magnetic line of the coil is greater
than the diameter. Then magnetic flux inside the loop will be uniform except the
ends. The formula gives it
6.1.1Circular loop:-Radius of the circular loop is r, and electric current is I.
Figure 4:- Circular Loop and Rectangular loop geometry (Yogesh, Sharma,
and Vanajakshi, 2018)
In the conductor path infinitesimal segment components are: