Industrial Business

This article discusses Cournot Equilibrium, Monopoly Cartel, Cheating and Collusion in Industrial Business. It explains the concept of profit maximisation and Nash equilibrium. The article also covers the scenarios of non-cooperation and collusion between firms.

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Industrial Business
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Table of Contents
Answer 1:...................................................................................................................................2
Answer 2:...................................................................................................................................3
Answer 3:...................................................................................................................................4
Answer 4:...................................................................................................................................5
Reference:..................................................................................................................................7

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Answer 1:
As per the Cournot equilibrium:
Response function from SA will be:
Profit = Total Revenue (TRsa) – Total Cost (TCsa)
= (55 – Qsa - Qkpc) x Qsa – 10 x Qsa
First Order Condition of profit maximisation:
dProfit/dQsa = 55 – 2 x Qsa – Qkp – 10 ………… (i)
Second Order Condition of profit maximisation:
dProfit/dQsa = 0
From (i) we get,
Qkpc = 45 – 2 x Qsa ………. (ii)
Response function of KPC:
Profit = Total Revenue (TRkpc) – Total Cost (TCkpc)
= (55 – Qsa – Qkpc) x Qkpc – 10 x Qkpc
First Order Condition of profit maximisation:
dProfit/dQkpc = 55 – 2 x Qkpc – Qsa ………… (iii)
Second Order Condition of profit maximisation:
dProfit/dQkpc = 0
From (iii) we get
Qkpc = (55 – Qsa)/2 …………. (iv)
From (iii) and (iv) we get,
45 – 2 x Qsa = (55 – Qsa)/2
90 – 4 x Qsa = 55 – Qsa
- 3 x Qsa = - 35

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Qsa = 35/3
Therefore, Qsa = 11.66
Qkpc = (55 – 11.66)/2 ……… from (iv)
Therefore, Qkpc = 21.67
Price = (55 – 11.66 – 21.67)
Therefore, Price = 21.67
Profit SA = (21.67 x 11.66) – 10 x 11.66
Therefore, Profit SA = 136.07
Profit KPC = (21.67 x 11.66) – 10 x 11.66
Therefore, Profit SA = 136.07
From the above calculation, it can be seen that,
i) Nash equilibrium quantities are – (11.66 & 21.67)
ii) Equilibrium price – (21.67)
iii) Profit to each firm – (136.07)
Answer 2:
Being a monopoly cartel objective of the same will be to enhance the profit of the
same (Waldman & Jensen, 2016). As per the profit maximisation policy of the monopoly, the
price would be:
MR = MC (MR = Marginal Revenue & MC = Marginal Cost)
MR = dTR/Dq (TR = Total Revenue)
TR = P x Q
= (55 – Q) x Q
= 55Q – Q2
MR = 55 – 2Q

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MC = 10
Therefore,
55 – 2Q = 10
- 2Q = -45
Q = 45/2
Therefore, Q = 22.5
Price = 55 – 22.5
Therefore, Price = 22.5
Profit = TR – TC
= Q x P – Q x C
= (22.5 * 22.5) – (22.5 * 10)
= 281.253
Profit to each firm = 281.253/2 = 140.626
Therefore, Profit = 281.253
i) quantity output = 22.5
ii) Price = 22.5
iii) Profit to each firm = 140.626
Considering the cartel scenario, it can be stated that, price has been enhanced whereas
quantity output has been decreased leading to rise in the profit of both the firm.
Answer 3:
If one firm produce at same quantity as previous and the other one cheats, then the
cartel will fail (Klein & Schinkel, 2018). There is often a tendency from the business firms
who enters into cartel to break the agreements in the last period. Thus, the cartel will last,
until one firm wants to opt out and produce at the mutually beneficial output (Bloch, 2018).

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If one firm produce at cartel decided level of output, then profit will be,
Profit = (55 – 22.5 – Qkpc) x Qkpc – 10 x Qkpc = 0
Therefore, (22.5 – Qkpc) x Qkpc = 10 x Qkpc
Therefore, 22.5 – Qkpc = 10
Therefore, Qkpc = 12.5
Price = 55- 22.5 – 12.5 = 20
Profit = (55 – 22.5 – 12.5) x 12.5 – 10 x 12.5
= (20 x 12.5) – 125
= 250 – 125
= 125
Total output by both the firm = 22.5 + 12.5 = 35
Price = 22.5 + 20 = 42.5
Profit in case of non-cooperation = 125
i) Quantity output is 12.5
ii) Price will be 20
iii) Profit to each firm will be 125
Answer 4:
A B
Collude Compete
A Collude 140.626, 140.626 140.626, 125
B Compete 125,140.626 136.07,136.07
As per the above table it can be seen, AA represents collusion between both the firms.
AB represents first firm goes for collusion and the second one produce competitive output,

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vis-à-vis in case of the BA. BB represents competitive pricing between both the options.
Thus, it can be seen that if the first firm goes for competitive pricing and second firm goes for
collusion, then Nash equilibrium will be achieved (Telser, 2017).

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Reference:
Bloch, F. (2018). Coalitions and networks in oligopolies.
Klein, T., & Schinkel, M. P. (2018). Cartel Stability by a Margin.
Telser, L. G. (2017). Competition, collusion, and game theory. Routledge.
Waldman, D., & Jensen, E. (2016). Industrial organization: theory and practice. Routledge.