1 INFECTION CONTROL Introduction Around the world, the prevalence of HIV AIDS is one of the major concerns for the health care professionals. In New Zealand, it is reported that, almost 118 patients were found to be affected by this disease. Therefore it is observed that among all the patients suffering from the disease, 111 people were gay, bisexual and other men who are practicing sex with other men. In the same year that is 2018, 27 people were affected due to the heterosexual sexual practices. In recent time, almost 3500 people are suffering from this problem and so it is one of the major threats to the public health of New Zealand (Lichtenstein 2018). Emergence of the Disease and its Prevention During the first few years of 1980’s the idea of the disease has come into the play and during this time this disease has become epidemic in nature. Before the 1980s, it is strongly believed that HIV was mainly originated inKinshasa that is located in the Democratic Republic of Congo during 1920 and it is believe that HIV had come from chimpanzees to humans. Before, 1980s, it is completely unknown to the researchers how this disease affected the human being. During the period of 1970’s a few cases of the AIDS epidemic were documented by the researchers and in the late 1970’s the disease was already spread to the five different continents such asSouth America, Africa, North America, Europe, and Australia. After that in different years of 1980s, many cases of AIDS were reported by the researchers. In this regard, it can be stated that during 1983, AIDS was reported among various countries of Europe. In March, 1993 almost 2.5 million people were diagnosed with this disease. During the 2000s the prevalence of the disease has enhanced a lot in different countries and as per the latest data, in 2017 almost 19.5 million people are suffering from this disease around the different countries of this world (Worobey et al. 2016).
2 INFECTION CONTROL Initially, the prevention of the disease HIV was mainly based on the behavioural changes of the patients suffering from the disease.Moreover, initially messages were used to aware people by using radio and television as it is quite popular medium to generate awareness. In this context, various other programs such asbadges, stickers, leaflets, and other paraphernalia were used to generate awareness among the patients of HIV AIDS. Information related to the HIV AIDS were also circulated by using newspapers and along with this, that information was also published in the billboards. Moreover, in some cases the local entertainers were also engaged in the process of enhancing the awareness among the people (Hughes and Saxton 2015). Current Measures of Prevention In modern era, the prevention and control strategy of HIV AIDS has evolved a lot. As a part of the prevention of the present disease, various measures can be taken. In this regard, it can be stated that prevention of unsafe sexual contact is one of the key strategy to prevent and control this disease. According to the study ofDolan et al.(2015), it is stated that the practicing of safe sex is an effective measure to this disease. As a part of the safe sexual practices, it is recommended that more awareness programs should be launched by the local government and they should utilize all the health care resources to prevent this disease epidemic. Use of condoms and other preventive measures should be recommended for the individuals so that transmission of this disease can be prevented easily. According to the study ofWorobey et al.(2016), it is observed that the use of such preventive equipment is quite successful in prevention of disease transmission among the individuals. In another study byTobianet al. (2014), the effectiveness of social awareness programs in the improvement of the disease transmission. Therefore, it is quite obvious that there are various social stigmas regarding this disease and most of the people still believe that this disease is infectious in nature. However, the actual scenario is completely different and so it is very important to
3 INFECTION CONTROL reduce this social stigma as a part of the prevention strategy of this disease. The study of Yaya et al.(2016), stated that, more amount of knowledge regarding this disease can improve the condition of the epidemic of the disease . Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that HIV is one of the major diseases around the world that is affecting a lot of individuals.It is stated that the disease was initiated from the Republic of Congo and from then it transmitted in various countries of the world. For preventing this disease practicing safe sex is one of the major preventive measures for AIDS.
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4 INFECTION CONTROL References Dolan, K., Moazen, B., Noori, A., Rahimzadeh, S., Farzadfar, F. and Hariga, F., 2015. People who inject drugs in prison: HIV prevalence, transmission and prevention.International Journal of Drug Policy,26, pp.S12-S15. Hughes, A.J. and Saxton, P., 2015. Thirty years of condom-based HIV prevention by gay men in New Zealand. Lichtenstein, B., 2018. Reframing “Eve” in the AIDS era: the pursuit of legitimacy by New Zealand sex workers. InSex Work and Sex Workers(pp. 37-60). Routledge. Tobian, A.A., Kacker, S. and Quinn, T.C., 2014. Male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilizedmethodforthepreventionofHIVandothersexuallytransmitted infections.Annual review of medicine,65, pp.293-306. Worobey, M., Watts, T.D., McKay, R.A., Suchard, M.A., Granade, T., Teuwen, D.E., Koblin, B.A., Heneine, W., Lemey, P. and Jaffe, H.W., 2016. 1970s and ‘Patient 0’HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America.Nature,539(7627), p.98. Yaya, S., Bishwajit, G., Danhoundo, G. and Seydou, I., 2016. Extent of knowledge about HIV and its determinants among men in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health,4, p.246.