IPC Implementation on Healthcare Literature Review 2022

Running head = INFECTION IN HEALTHCARE
0
Infection in
healthcare
IPC implementation on health care
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Infection in healthcare 1
Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Literature review..............................................................................................................................2
Selection of the literature.................................................................................................................4
Critical analysis...............................................................................................................................4
Introduction to the qualitative paper by (Shah et al., 2015).........................................................4
The methodology of the study:....................................................................................................5
Sampling...................................................................................................................................5
Recruitment..............................................................................................................................6
Interview of the participant and data analysis..........................................................................6
Results and discussions............................................................................................................7
Introduction of the quantitative paper (Borg et al., 2015)...........................................................7
The methodology applied in the paper.....................................................................................8
Duration and participant of the survey.....................................................................................8
Result and discussion of the study...........................................................................................9
Final discussion...............................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11

Infection in healthcare 2
Introduction
Infection control is an integral part of any health care system and the rigorous rehearsal that is
carried out is very significant in keeping up a sheltered domain for everybody by lessening the
danger of the potential spread of ailment (Suleyman & Alangaden, 2016), (Taylor, 2015).
These practices are intended to decrease the danger of emergency clinic related contaminations
and to guarantee a protected and sound medical clinic condition for patients, social insurance
suppliers, and guests. Medicinal services related diseases can grow either as an immediate
consequence of human services mediation, (for example, clinical or surgical treatment) or from
being in contact with an area associated with the medical service (Lawes et al., 2015),
(Kanamori et al., 2015). In a clinical setting, an infection causing agents are in no way, shape
or form extraordinary. This is the reason every single clinical expert avoid potential risk to keep
them from spreading. A portion of these insurances incorporate incessant hand washing, utilizing
cleaning splashes, and getting seriously sick patients far from different patients (Leaper et al.,
2015), (Tschudin-Sutter et al., 2018). Indeed, even with these safety measures set up, it isn't
outlandish for an infection-causing agent to spread and make others infected. The present report
provides a brief overview of the importance of infection prevention and infection control in
health care services. The work conducted by (Borg et al., 2015) and (Shah et al., 2015)
were critically analyzed based on the CASP framework.
Literature review
The literature review was primarily focused on the infections which are generally associated with
the hospitals and other health diagnosis and recovery places. A hospital-acquired infection is
generally diagnosed within the two days’ time of patient admission in the healthcare service or
within a 3-day time interval since the patient is discharged from the hospital (Lewis et al.,
2019), (Seale et al., 2015). There are different range of the pathogenic microorganisms that
are highly resistant to most of the antibiotic have been associated as the agent for hospital-
acquired infection (Murni et al., 2015). Therefore it is very important that the staff should be
aware and uses precautionary measures to prevent the spreading of any infection to the patient

Infection in healthcare 3
and among themselves also (Mocanu et al., 2015), (Mu et al., 2016). The present review
was conducted keeping the following points in consideration:
I. The standard database will provide many relevant and trustworthy results, rather than
direct search on the internet which could result in false results. Hence, for the present
research Google Scholar and PubMed were primarily used for the search of the article.
II. The keywords mostly used for the search in the present study were infection, healthcare,
and nursing. The use of Boolean operators “and” was mostly used to refine the search for
example “hospital infection and nursing”. To narrow down the search item from the vast
array of results time frame window was selected for the year 2015 to 2020.
III. The above-mentioned search criteria used in PubMed to get the results and a total of 4389
hits of the topic were observed. In the context of Google scholar search the same
keywords resulted in a total of 44,100 hits.
IV. To further increase the specificity of the results the article that had either two keywords
from hospital, infection or nursing.
Based on the search strategy mentioned above, a brief literature review was conducted and
briefly presented in the following paragraph. The study conducted by (Mody et al., 2017)
reported that approximately two million people are reported with some sort of hospital-acquired
infection costing about four billion dollars cost of health care. It was observed that a 54 %
decrease in the infection rate was observed over a year with intervention in catheter removal. The
study conducted by (Cassone & Mody, 2015)has reported the multi-drug resistant organism as
the primary source of infection at the nursing homes also a major cause for mortality or lifetime
diseases due to infection. The study conducted by (Tartof et al., 2015) presented the scale of
infection in a nursing home due to Clostridium difficile , it was observed that out of 401,234
patient admitted in 14 hospitals over a period of 2011 January to 2012 December, 2,368 were
infected with Clostridium difficile . The study also indicated that the rate of occurrence of
infection increased with the increase in age and exposure with different classes of antibiotics. In
the review published by (Zingg et al., 2015) reported that approximately 37, 000 deaths every
year have been associated with the infection that, the patient has acquired due to the visit at a
health care facility, the review also pointed out various components that were primarily
associated with hospital infection such as bed occupancy, workload along with the availability of