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Infectious Disease Assignment PDF

   

Added on  2021-04-16

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Running head: INFECTIOUS DISEASEInfectious diseaseName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor note

1INFECTIOUS DISEASEIntroductionHepatitis-C is the major public health concern in Egypt. It the viral liver infectiontransmitted via unsterilized medical equipment, sharing needles and blood transfusion. Chronicinfection may lead to cancer as there is no effective vaccine or medication (1). As mentioned inscientific reports of 2017, the prevalence of the infection is high across all population. In generalpopulation, the prevalence is 11.9%, and that in high-risk population is 55.6%, and those atintermediate risk is 14.3% and 56.0% among those with the liver conditions (1). There isincreasing prevalence due to transmission mainly from healthcare. Chronicity is high amongantibody-positive Egyptians making screening a priority (1) Figure 1: Trends in percentage of the population age 15-59 with active Hepatitis-C,Egypt 2008 and 2015 Z-5170763 Public Summary

2INFECTIOUS DISEASETask 1Ministry of Health has established the National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis(NCCVH) for improving the preventive strategies for hepatitis C in Egypt. The activities ofNCCVH include introducing direct-acting anti-viral (DAAs) agents. It is considered to be themost effective treatment among others that are existing (2). The proven efficiency of the DAAsare SVR> 90% (survival rate) (2). It has been found with the minimal adverse effects. NCCVHlunched the DAA program (using Sofosbuvir- NS5B polymerase inhibitor) for HCV treatment in2014, gave positive results, high cure rates, with minimum side effects like rashes. Number ofpatients on DAAs since 2014 is 129.249 (2). However, there was a barrier including resistancecases, low rate of follow up, and lack of knowledge of long-term impacts (2). NCCVH is yet tointroduce new action plan that covers all the aspects of prevention and control as well asestablish the specialized treatment centers as per the population size in each area. There is a needfor ambitious screening programs in addition to the other control strategies like educational orawareness campaigns in support of global partners like World Health Organisation (2). Another control practice of Egypt is to eliminate HCV, as per 10-15 year prevention andcontrol plan in 2006. It includes offering of safe blood, injections and health services, increasesaccess to diagnosis, treatment by more than 90% and achieve more than 90% cure rate. However,main challenges are generics such as quality assurance, IPR, proven efficiency (3).

3INFECTIOUS DISEASEFigure 2: HCV prevention and control plan, Wto.org. 2015 Egypt has launched the National Infection Control Program in collaboration with theMinistry of Health and Population to promote safe health in hospitals. Required guidelines weredeveloped in 2003 and were launched in 450 facilities. After the implementation with adequatetraining, monitoring and supervision there was an increase in compliance of the healthcareworkers to precautions such as hand hygiene and personal protective equipment. There was adecrease in the annual incidence of HCV infection from 28% to 3% among previously uninfectedrecipients of renal dialysis (2,4). The result was obtained in 60 facilities with dialysis units.These guidelines were found to be useful by World Health Organization and were revised andadopted in 2008 (2,4). After the international Health Regulation assessment, it was found that theNational Infection Control Program was successful in decreasing the iatrogenic transmission ofHCV (4). Also, the Egyptian's "viral hepatitis care and treatment program" has successfullyprovided the subsidized care and treatment services to 190,000 people in Egypt having the

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