Infective Endocarditis: A Comprehensive Overview of the Disease

This report provides a comprehensive overview of infective endocarditis, a serious heart infection. It details the causes, which include bacterial and fungal infections, and explores the common infective organisms involved. The report outlines the symptoms, such as chest pain, fever, and fatigue, and explains diagnostic methods like blood tests and echocardiograms. It also discusses the clinical management, including antibiotic treatments and surgical interventions. Predisposing factors, such as artificial heart valves and a history of endocarditis, are highlighted, as well as the challenges faced during clinical episodes, such as patient non-compliance. The report concludes with a list of references, providing a foundation for further study and research. The report aims to provide students with insights into the disease, its management and the challenges associated with it.

REFRENCES
Books and Journal
Baddour, L. M. and et.al., 2015. Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement
for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 132(15). pp.1435-1486.
Cahill, T. J. and et.al., 2017. Challenges in infective endocarditis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 69(3). pp.325-344.
Infective endocarditis
Symptoms and diagnosis of
Infective endocarditis
Signs & symptoms
of infective endocarditis includes
chest pain, weakness, blood in
urine, fever, sweating, red skin
rash, white spots in mouth or on
tongue, cough, fatigue, weight
loss and many more.
Diagnosis
Blood test
Echocardiogram
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Chest X-ray
Computerised tomography
(CT) Scan
Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)
Ultrasound
Clinical management of infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis result in irreversible
damage to heart, treatment is not provided to patient quickly it can
become life threatening.
Antibiotics and initial treatment – While patient is in
hospital every sign will be monitor and antibiotics intravenously
will be given.
Surgery – This is needed when patient heart valves get
damaged and surgeon recommend repairing heart valve.
Predisposing factors
Artificial heart valves
Congenital heart defects
A history of endocarditis
Damaged heart valves
A history of intravenous (IV) illegal drug use
Challenges during clinical episode
Major challenges faced during clinical episode of
Infective endocarditis is not supportive behaviour of patient and
precautions given by doctor are not taken by patient.
What is infective
endocarditis
It is an Infection in heart
valves or endocardium which is
the lining of interior surface of
heart's chambers. Types of
endocarditis is either bacterial or
fungal .
Common infective
organism are Staphylococcus
aureus, Streptococci of viridans
group and coagulase negative
Staphylococci.
Bacteria may originated in
urinary tract, skin, mouth,
intestines, respiratory system
and so on.
Infective endocarditis
condition mainly cause due to
bacteria entering in the
bloodstream and infect heart.