Effect of Influenza Vaccine on Contracting Pneumonia in Older Adults

This presentation discusses the effect of influenza vaccine on contracting pneumonia in older adults. It includes research findings, practice recommendations, and an evaluation plan. The study suggests that pneumococcal vaccine can be considered as a primary preventive agent for older adults with pneumonia. Influenza vaccine is also recommended as evidence from randomized control trials signify the 23% effectiveness of the vaccine. The presentation is relevant to the subject of immunization and preventive healthcare for older adults. The course code, course name, and college/university are not mentioned.

EFFECT OF
INFLUENZA VACCINE
ON CONTRACTING
PNEUMONIA IN
OLDER ADULTS
Bradley J. Shapley
Rasmussen College
Author Note

PICO(T)
QUESTION
In patients aged 60 years and above (P), what is the
effect of being administered the influenza vaccine (I)
on contracting pneumonia (O) compared with not
receiving the influenza vaccine (C) during the Flu
season (T)?

PICO(T)
P-ADULTS AGED 60 YEARS
I-IMMUNIZATION WITH
INFLUENZA VACCINES
C- GROUP OF PATIENTS NOT
ADMINISTERED WITH THE
VACCINE
O-VACCINATED PATIENTS NOT
AS LIKELY TO DEVELOP
PNEUMONIA
T-MEASURED TWICE WEEKLY

OVERVIEW OF
FINDINGS
Subtitle

FINDINGS FROM RESEARCH
 Quantitative study by Vila-Corcoles et al. (2016) recommends pneumococcal vaccine as primary preventive
approach for aged
 Qualitative study by Restivo et al. (2017) argued that older adults above 60 years acquire infection from other
patients as well as health care workers. As per results it can be prevented by influenza vaccination
 Qualitative study by Ellen (2017) identified that nurses perceives side effects of vaccine, technology and feelings
of good health as barriers to influenza immunisation. The facilitators includes recommendations from health care
providers, social media networks, access to health care providers
 As per Kan and Zhang (2018) barriers to influenza vaccine among older adults are transportation cost, side effects
of vaccine, ad mediating variables are recommendations from health care providers and threat perception

STRENGTH OF
EVIDENCE

SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE
Overall strength of the study is moderate as per LoBiondo-Wood & Haber (2017)
Rationale-
• Two studies are level IV- study of Ellen (2017) and Vila-Corcoles et al., (2016)
• one is level I- study of Restive et al., (2017)
• one is level II- study of Kan and Zhang (2018)

PRACTICE
RECOMMEND
ATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. For older adults with pneumonia Pneumococcal vaccines can be considered
primary preventive agent. It is recommended by CDC. PCV 13 approved by FDA
protects agonist 6 more serotypes than the PCV7
Strength of evidence (review) provides rationale for older adults to uptake take
pneumococcal vaccine. Evidence has relative risk of >5(<0.2) based on strong
evidence of association (Assad et al., 2012)
2. Influenza vaccine is recommended as evidence from randomized control trials
signify the 23% effectiveness of vaccine (with 95% confidence interval)
Strength of evidence (peer reviewed journal) is moderate and the rationale for the
choice is the estimate of the efficacy of the influenza vaccine (Lang et al., 2012)

KEY
STAKEHOLDE
RS

STAKEHOLDERS
 Older patients or participants with
pneumonia
-They are important to team being directly
involved with the target of the effort and are
beneficiaries
 Patients at risk of pneumonia
-May help in preventing proposed illness by
taking benefits of the efforts and pass the
health information for community awareness
 Nurse
- Important as care provider and to pass the
information and aid in enforcing laws

EVALUATION
PLAN

EVALUATION
INTERVENTION
 Participants will be immunized using
influenza vaccine
 Periodic assessment of the study population’
level of resistance
 Monitoring subjects to demonstrate any
outcomes
PLAN FOR EVALUATION
 Data collection- from hospitals
 Mixed logistic regression model-
statistical analysis
 Evaluation in community- Mixed method
 Surveys (Taddio et al., 2015)
 Time series of analysis (Bernal, Cummins
& Gasparrini, 2017).

REFERENCES
Assaad, U., El-Masri, I., Porhomayon, J., & El-Solh, A. A. (2012). Pneumonia immunization in older adults: review of vaccine effectiveness and strategies. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 7, 453–
461. http://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S29675
Bernal, J. L., Cummins, S., & Gasparrini, A. (2017). Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial. International journal of epidemiology, 46(1),
348-355.
Ellen, M. (2017). Factors that influence influenza vaccination rates among the elderly: nurses’ perspectives. Journal of nursing management.
Kan, T., & Zhang, J. (2018). Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review. Public Health, 156, 67-78.
Lang, P.-O., Mendes, A., Socquet, J., Assir, N., Govind, S., & Aspinall, R. (2012). Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in aging and older adults: comprehensive analysis of the evidence. Clinical
Interventions in Aging, 7, 55–64. http://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S25215
Restivo, V., Costantino, C., Bono, S., Maniglia, M., Marchese, V., Ventura, G, Vitale, F. (2017). Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: A systematic literature review and meta-
analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 1-12. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1321722
Taddio, A., Shah, V., McMurtry, C. M., MacDonald, N. E., Ipp, M., Riddell, R. P., ... & Chambers, C. T. (2015). Procedural and physical interventions for vaccine injections: systematic review of
randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials. The Clinical journal of pain, 31(Suppl 10), S20. DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000264
Vila-Corcoles, A., Ansa, X., Ochoa-Gondar, O., Satue, E., De Diego, C., & Rodriguez-Blanco, T. (2016). Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults 60 years or older: Incidence, mortality and
prevention. Medicina Clínica, 146(5), 199-202. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2015.09.015
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
TIME!