Biometric Authentication Systems and Security

The assignment provided is a detailed analysis of biometric authentication systems, covering both physiological and behavioral biometrics. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, as well as their future development. It includes a review of various techniques such as face recognition, fingerprint scanning, and voice recognition, and provides examples of how these systems are used in real-world applications.

Running head: INFORMATION SECURITY
Information Security
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

1INFORMATION SECURITY
Answer to Question 1
Confidentiality:
 From the term confidentiality it can be stated that it gives protection to information of the ATM card from unauthorized users.
 For a successful transaction to occur, the ATM card is to be present with the user and the user has to know the ATM pin for a
transaction to occur (Barbosa & Silva, 2015).
 The confidentiality feature is to be followed by the system that handles the ATM card by providing an good encrypting
algorithm to the pin of the card at transaction time.
 If confidentiality is not done properly with the ATM pin, then generally two types of breaches may take place (Chen, Pande &
Mohapatra, 2014). Generally the first type of confidentiality data breach takes place when an outsider looks over the ATM pin
and the details of the card when transaction is taking place. The second data breach takes place when the data of the user are
stolen, from a company or an organization.
 The privacy of the people is to be maintained in the confidentiality of the ATM card.
Example of Integrity:
 If the data that is related with the ATM is changed or altered, then the ATM is subjected to integrity. Without the access of the
user, the integrity is hampered.
 If the owner of the ATM purposely changes the content of some files and deletes some files deliberately, integrity regarding
the data occurs (Thomas, Vinod & Robinson, 2017). This can happen accidentally also.
 The errors that can come from the integrity are to be solved by the experts who have the responsibility to secure the
information.
Example of Availability:
 Availability means the data must be available with the user anytime and anywhere the user wants and the data should be
present so that the transaction becomes successful.
 The systems needed for processing, storing the information are also to be kept secured and protected by the experts.
 The denial-of-attacks is a common attack, which is to be prevented for providing security to the ATM system.
Answer to Question 2
As per the given case in the question, in an ATM a thief broke in and by the help of a screwdriver, he jammed the card reader
of the ATM. The thief also broke five keys from the keypad of the machine. While he was processing with the work, a customer came
in for transaction (Luca et al., 2015). After his successful transaction with the five left good keys, he was not able to take out his card,
as the thief jammed the card reader. When the customer went out to seek help, the thief thought of trying with the left pins so that he
can take out some money from the ATM. He was left only with five keys. With those five keys, he has many probabilities. The
maximum number of tries that the thief can do with five pins is:
5!/(5-4)!
= 5!/1!
= 120 times.

2INFORMATION SECURITY
But there are certain restriction about entering the ATM pin in the machine. For keeping the security of the ATM high, the system
experts have restricted of entering the wrong pin three times maximum. After three wrong trails, the thief will not able to attempt any
number because the card will be jammed.
Answer to Question 3
Three reasons by which the people will use the biometric authentication technique are:
 Identification Accuracy: Since, the biometric is based on the physiological feature, it is difficult to steal or alter the data for a
user in the database (Memon, 2017). The identification that is done by biometric machines are very accurate and there are very
less chances of being the data wrong.
 The administrative cost of an organization is cut low with the help of biometric authentication. The biometric authentication
does not need any paper work to be done, and does all the work automatically. The biometrics is very easy to install and are
easy to use (Kim et al., 2015). All the user can use the biometric authentication for their identification. Biometric also lessens
the burden to remember the password for the their login. The biometric authentication also saves the time of the user.
 Seamless integration: The systems of biometric provides the user with an workforce that manages the time and the attendance
system of the user. The biometric system also has access control, and surveillance, as well as manages the visitor data. All
these works are done by only by a single computer and generally provides a centralized control for the purpose of securing the
administrators.
Answer to Question 4
False negative biometric is basically an authentication rate, in which the authorized user of the biometric system is rejected to
access the login. This generally happens when the system is not able to find out the data from the database. The system rejects the
access of the user for which the database is not found (Alsaadi, 2015). The false positive in biometric authentication occurs if the
system gets the access of an unauthorized user who has database similar to the authenticated user. The false negative rate is generally
higher than the false positive rate for this reason. The rate of false negative generally starts from 0.00066% more than the false
acceptance.
Answer to Question 5
With the help of columnar transposition method, the cipher text with transposition can be decrypted.
The given encrypted text in the question is
NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE with key 234
By using Caesar cipher along with substitution method, the text can be decrypted as follows:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

3INFORMATION SECURITY
Encrypted Text N T J W K H X K
The numeric value of the alphabets 14 20 10 23 11 8 24 11
Key given 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3
Decoded from substitution cipher 12 17 6 21 8 4 22 8
Shifting of Caeser cipher 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Decoded from caeser cipher 9 14 3 18 5 1 19 5
Final Decoded Text I N C R E A S E
Encrypted Text A M K
The numeric value of the alphabets 1 13 11
Key given 4 2 3
Decoded from substitution cipher 23 11 8
Shifting of Caeser cipher 3 3 3
Decoded from caeser cipher 20 8 5
Final Decoded Text T H E
Encrypted Text W W U J J Y Z T X
The numeric value of the alphabets 23 23 21 10 10 25 26 20 24
Key given 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3
Decoded from substitution cipher 19 21 18 6 8 22 22 18 21
Shifting of Caeser cipher 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Decoded from caeser cipher 16 18 15 3 5 19 19 15 18
Final Decoded Text P R O C E S S O R
Encrypted Text M W K X Z K U H E
The numeric value of the alphabets 13 23 11 24 26 11 21 8 5
Key given 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3
Decoded from substitution cipher 9 21 8 20 24 8 17 6 2
Shifting of Caeser cipher 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Decoded from caeser cipher 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25
Final Decoded Text F R E Q U E N C Y
The final decrypted text is INCREASE THE PROCESSOR FREQUENCY

4INFORMATION SECURITY
References
Alsaadi, I. M. (2015). Physiological Biometric Authentication Systems, Advantages, Disadvantages And Future Development: A
Review. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(8), 285-289.
Barbosa, F. G., & Silva, W. L. S. (2015, November). Support vector machines, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and the Discrete
Cosine Transform applied on voice based biometric authentication. In SAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys),
2015 (pp. 1032-1039). IEEE.
Chen, S., Pande, A., & Mohapatra, P. (2014, June). Sensor-assisted facial recognition: an enhanced biometric authentication system
for smartphones. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and
services (pp. 109-122). ACM.
De Luca, A., Hang, A., Von Zezschwitz, E., & Hussmann, H. (2015, April). I feel like I'm taking selfies all day!: towards
understanding biometric authentication on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1411-1414). ACM.
Kim, H., Park, J., Lee, J., & Ryou, J. (2015). Biometric authentication technology trends in smart device environment. In Mobile and
Wireless Technology 2015 (pp. 199-206). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Memon, N. (2017). How Biometric Authentication Poses New Challenges to Our Security and Privacy [In the Spotlight]. IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, 34(4), 196-194.
Thomas, K. P., Vinod, A. P., & Robinson, N. (2017, March). Online Biometric Authentication Using Subject-Specific Band Power
features of EEG. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Cryptography, Security and Privacy (pp. 136-141).
ACM.