Information Systems and Big Data Analysis - Theories, Systems, Globalization, Cloud Computing, IoT

This article discusses the theories, methods, and techniques required for the design and development of IT solutions. It also presents different systems like DSS, ESS, TPS, MIS, and KSM. The article further explores the impact of IT on globalization and the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing and IoT.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND BIG DATA ANALYSIS

Table of Contents
SECTION A.....................................................................................................................................2
1.0 Theories, methods, and techniques required for the design and development of IT solutions
.....................................................................................................................................................2
2.0 Presenting definition and examples of the following systems...............................................3
3.0 Globalisation and the effect of IT on globalization...............................................................4
SECTION B.....................................................................................................................................5
Question 1....................................................................................................................................5
I. Cloud computing, its advantage, and disadvantage.................................................................5
II. IoT, its advantage and disadvantage.......................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
Books and journals......................................................................................................................8
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SECTION A
1.0 Theories, methods, and techniques required for the design and development of IT solutions
III. Canvas:
By substituting changed data for the standard data, the management system connected to
Canvas promotes online information processing and data collecting while fostering innovation
and creativity in online platforms for communication. In order to preserve the methodology for
data collecting, the strategies of Canvas include supporting online learning platforms ranging
from dynamic once to organised learning pathways (Talón-Ballestero and et.al., 2018). Canvas
supports clients with a variety of conventional and nonconventional courses, removing
complexity and bringing unique content to IT Solutions.
Software developers and several vendors create software solutions. For instance, anti-
virus software can be used to eradicate hazardous viruses from a computer system in order to
solve a specific issue (Grover and et.al., 2020). In this way, canvas is also one of the IT solutions
which is design and develop with the technique to provide online learning support to the
individuals so that they can solve their query in no time.
IV. MS Office:
Microsoft office has its own program apart from Facebook. It is one of the largest and
world’s most popular IT solutions which includes application like MS word, MS excel, MS
Project, PowerPoint etc. It provides range of software programs which is design and develop
using the proper SDLC model or technique. It has helped the Microsoft to chose the proper
software development methodology the impact of which the users can use it without any issue.
This software helps students with their assignments as well as companies with their day-to-day
business operations and decision making (Cockcroft and Russell, 2018). For example, MS word
is design with the technique that the users can export their files to other as well into different
formats such as PDF, JPEG, text, HTML etc. Also, the other users can modify the file
accordingly and further share to third party. Supporting graphic designing in any of the scenario
is the technique in respect of MS office IT solution.
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2.0 Presenting definition and examples of the following systems
I. DSS (Decision support system): A decision support system is a computerized program that is
used within the organization to support various judgments, determinants as well as courses of
action (Grover and et.al., 2020).
For Example, data-driven DSS such as geographic information system (GIS) and model-driven
DSS such as financial modelling.
II. ESS (Executive support system): The executive support system is also a significant reporting
tool or software which is used by organizations to convert and present an organization's data into
useful summarized information. These reports are used by executive-level managers of the
company to quickly access information.
For instance, speculative information like market conditions and confidential information such as
competitors are examples of executive support systems (Chinnaswamy and et.al., 2018).
III. TPS (Transaction processing system): The transaction processing system is a type of
information system whose main motive is to collect, store, modify, and retrieve the data
transaction done within and outside the organizations.
For example, the electronic transfer of funds and airline reservation system is done immediately
without delay through the transaction processing system.
IV. MIS (Management processing system): This is a system that is generally used by the
management of the organizations to direct and control the day-to-day activities of the company.
This system can be implemented on any activity, project, or business (Alouffi and et.al., 2021).
For example, the company can plan its sales through a marketing plan. Another example includes
maintaining team collaboration through monitoring evaluation and process improvement.
V. KSM (Knowledge management system): This is another type of information technology
system that stores as well as retrieves knowledge with the help of which organization can
understand, collaborate and align processes.
For instance, Help-Crunch is an example of a knowledge management system which is a full-
fledge system of managing knowledge.
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Another example, Document360 is a profound system for managing the knowledge of customers
and employees.
3.0 Globalisation and the effect of IT on globalization
Meaning of Globalization: This is the process through which organizations of the whole world
can develop or are developing international influence. Businesses are operating on an
international scale with the help of globalization. Globalization allows businesses to access new
cultures and use technology as well as information across borders. The economic growth of
countries gets improved because of globalization (Alouffi and et.al., 2021). However,
employment disparity and losing domestic product value are major disadvantages of
globalization that also need to be understood by companies.
The effect of Information technology on globalization are as follows:
 Solving the issue of trade barriers: The major barrier created in the process of
globalization for business is the trade barrier. The business was unable to deliver its
products in the international market. But, due to advancements in technology, the
companies like e-commerce, the electronic delivery of services, etc. have emerged in the
corporate world (Sunyaev, 2020). The effect of which, companies can deliver their
products and services all over the world. Hence, technology is considered the driving
force for globalization.
 Reduces prices of transport and communication: Technological improvements have
resulted in a reduction in the prices of transport and communication all over the world.
The effect of which the main purpose of globalization has attained. The companies face
the issue of high transport and communication cost in the globalization process which is
solved due to information technology advancements such as the internet and social
media.
 Immense transformation in the management of corporations: The effect of information
technology on globalization is that it has created immense transformation for
corporations (Sunyaev, 2020). The technology has made organization & control of
production, trade goods, investment capital, and development of new products as well as
processes easiest and quick.
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SECTION B
Question 1
I. Cloud computing, its advantage, and disadvantage
Cloud Computing: Cloud computing means the delivery of computing services such as servers,
storage, software, databases, networking, analytics, etc. to its users over the internet rather than
via local or personal computer (Srivastava and Khan, 2018). It is an on-demand availability of
computer system resources that does not require any direct active management by users.
Advantages of Cloud computing:
 Saves money: The hardware, as well as software, are not required to purchase by the
company if they have cloud computing infrastructure. It is because this is provided by
cloud computing the impact of which company needs to spend less on expenses like
office space rent, power, maintenance, and running costs.
 Scalable: The company can buy or reduce resources as per their requirement from the
cloud up and down.
 Competitive advantage: Another advantage of cloud computing is that it helps business
to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors that does not have this digital
infrastructure.
 Superior backup: It is a highly secure digital infrastructure that provides a superior
backup option to protect the data from a hack or any other loss (Srivastava and Khan,
2018).
The disadvantage of Cloud computing:
 Loss of control: The speed and quality of service in cloud computing do not match users'
expectations in many cases.
 Potential security threat: Due to hacking on high-profile websites by the hackers, the
company is unable to save its confidential information on cloud storage.
 Inadequate support: Sometimes, cloud computing fails to provide adequate support to
their clients due to technical problems.
 Wrong choice of provider: The wrong choice of service providers for any service is
possible in the case of cloud computing by businesses which further affects their
operations (Alouffi and et.al., 2021).
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II. IoT, its advantage and disadvantage
IoT: The internet of things is also a significant example of digital infrastructure which describe
physical objects to connect as well as exchange data with other devices or system on the internet
using sensors, software and other technologies (Sunyaev, 2020). To welcome unified
communications, the companies can use IoT and connect everything safely and securely.
Advantages of the Internet of Things (IoT):
 Monitoring overall business processes: With the help of IoT, companies can monitor
every process and identify the key areas which cause loss to the company.
 Save time and money: Using IoT digital infrastructure at the workplace is a time-saving
and money-saving step.
 Make the better business decision: The companies can make better decision making by
evaluating the process and improvement of internal operations & production using the
internet (Chegini and et.al., 2021).
 Generate more revenue: Using the internet of things system at the workplace, the
companies can complete targets on time, enhancing sales volume which ultimately
generates more revenue for the company.
The disadvantage of Internet of Things (IoT):
 Security issue: The major disadvantage of IoT is a security issue. It is because as the
number of connected devices increases, more information is shared between the devices
which ultimately allows the hackers to steal the confidential information of the company
(Shafique and et.al., 2020).
 Collecting and managing massive numbers of data is challenging: Collection and
management of big data using IoT became challenging which is a biggest disadvantage of
it.
 Device corruption: Due to bug in the system, it might be chance that the device will
became corrupted.
 Difficulty in communication: It is difficult for the devices of various manufacturer to
communicate with each other because there is no international standard of compatibility
for IoT (Wheelus and Zhu, 2020).
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Alouffi, B. and et.al., 2021. A systematic literature review on cloud computing security: Threats
and mitigation strategies. IEEE Access. 9. pp.57792-57807.
Chegini, H. and et.al., 2021. Process automation in an IoT–fog–cloud ecosystem: A survey and
taxonomy. IoT. 2(1). pp.92-118.
Chinnaswamy, A. and et.al., 2018. Big data visualisation, geographic information systems and
decision making in healthcare management. Management Decision.
Cockcroft, S. and Russell, M., 2018. Big data opportunities for accounting and finance practice
and research. Australian Accounting Review. 28(3). pp.323-333.
Grover, V. and et.al., 2020. The perils and promises of big data research in information
systems. Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 21(2). p.9.
Shafique, K. and et.al., 2020. Internet of things (IoT) for next-generation smart systems: A
review of current challenges, future trends and prospects for emerging 5G-IoT
scenarios. Ieee Access. 8. pp.23022-23040.
Srivastava, P. and Khan, R., 2018. A review paper on cloud computing. International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. 8(6). pp.17-20.
Sunyaev, A., 2020. Cloud computing. In Internet computing (pp. 195-236). Springer, Cham.
Talón-Ballestero, P., and et.al., 2018. Using big data from customer relationship management
information systems to determine the client profile in the hotel sector. Tourism
Management. 68. pp.187-197.
Wheelus, C. and Zhu, X., 2020. IoT network security: threats, risks, and a data-driven defense
framework. IoT. 1(2). pp.259-285.
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