Information Systems and Big Data Analysis: Theories, Methods, and Techniques for IT Solutions

This report covers the different theories, methods, and techniques related to the design and development of IT solutions, including MS Office and Moodle. It also discusses the impact of IT on globalization, the importance of digital infrastructure for digital transformation, and the risks associated with information systems outsourcing.

Information Systems
and Big Data Analysis

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
Describe theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development of the
IT solutions: -..............................................................................................................................3
Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples.........................................................4
Globalization and the effects of IT on globalization: -...............................................................5
Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure.............................6
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing.............................................................7
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation.....................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The information system may be defines as the mixture of the different types of the media
transmission network that is fabricated by the hardware, software and used by the corporate
sector in order to make, gathering and dispersing the valuable data. This comprise of different
types of components like , management support system, transaction processing system, process
control system and many more. The management of the company explain the large information
as an assortment which is extracted form the data and use this in the AI projects along with the
progressed insightful applications(Biancone, Secinaro and Brescia, 2018). With the help of
effective information system the management can effectively provide the services to their
customers and create customized showcasing which assist the organization order to increase
their profits and income. The following report is going to cover the different types of theories,
methods and techniques which is related to the design and the development of the IT solutions.
This report also paid focus on the different types of system like DSS, ESS, TPS, MIS and KSM.
In addition to this, this report is going to discuss about the concept of globalisation and the
impact of the information technology on the globalisation. Afterwords, an example of suitable
digital infrastructure has been discussed with its advantage and disadvantage along with the risk
associated with the IT and why digital infrastructure is critical for the digital transformation.
TASK
Describe theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development of
the IT solutions: -
MS office: - this is basically a constituted set which comprises of different types of applications
which are utilized by the management of the company in their office premises. This solution was
introduced in the 1990 by the Microsoft organization. The applications which are included in this
are very useful for the business which assist in developing the efficiency within the work. Each
and every application of the MS office are demanded in order to address the specific
assignments(Dagaeva and et. al., 2019). For example like, MS word is used in order to make the
documents, MS Excel is used in order to the calculations and MS Power point presentation is
used to develop the presentation. Identifiable interpretation is developed by the Microsoft in
relation to the workplace which can be upheld by the different functions of frameworks,
windows, Mac-Os and Linux. Permit is give by the Microsoft which is considered as key of

security is given to the client to access the different types of application of MS office. The
advantage of the MS Office has been discussed below: -
 By using the MS office within the business the productivity of carry out the task has been
improved and along with this, this software the time. The regular and automatic update
also improves the productivity.
 MS office reduces security risks with advanced protective features and allow the use to
use the software on their mobile devices
 This also assist the organisation in understanding the threats so they can respond more
effectively to them.
Moodle: - this is basically an open source of structure which can be used by the management
any time and any where. For Modular object oriented learning this can be explained as a
descriptor which give assistance to the developers and scholars. This is introduced by the Martin
Dougiamas which give assistance to the instructors in order to make a course which is internet
based with close to the connection and a collaborative development of content (Dai and et. al.,
2020). This is basically learning point which is planned to give students, teachers and heads a
strong, solid, cooperated and coordinated framework in order to established a effective learning
solution. This frameworks is used by the peoples of the different area which is associated with
the organisation in order to convey and oversee the web based preparation. The advantage of
using Moodle has been discussed below: -
 The Moodle is easy to use and user have to invest minimum time to use this, so this is
basically a user friendly interface.
 Moodle based learning assist the user to track and record learning progress through a
learning path.
Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
 DSS (Decision Support System): - this may be defined as a desktop which are used by
the organisation in order to make the decision at the various management level. By using
this system the information which is available has been effectively evaluated and form
the pool of options excellent option has been selected which improves the efficiency of
the firm. Form this, data as well as the knowledge can be easily collected form the
specific sections of the organization which assist the company management in developing
the effective decision. In the DSS, three aspects has been include that is user database,

software, and knowledge interface which help in completing the process of decision
making in proper manner. The example of the decision support system are cagoules,
product specification, policies.
 ESS (Executive Support System): - this give assistance to the top level management of
the organisation. By using this support system, all the data which is crucial for the top
level management in relation to the decision making of the company has been
provided(Forrester, 2019). The higher authorities of the firm take the important decision
and the decision which are taken by them impact the overall functioning of the
organization. So in order to make the decision in effective manner reliable information
has been required
 TPS (Transaction Processing System): - by using this, the company management can
effectively perform their daily activities as well as practices. On nature, size and in which
the company is dealing this support system is depend. With in the company this system is
used in billing of the product and sales, data entry and many more.
 MIS (Management Information System): - in the decision making process of the
company the Management information system plays a very important role. With the help
of this the manager of the middle level can effectively manage the different functions of
the company (Grant, 2021). In this, information is collected form the Transaction process
system and then the collected information is forwards in the various forms at the same
time like reports, responses, display and many more
 KSM (Knowledge Management System): - the main objective behind using this system
is to improve the collected data and ensure that whether the collected data is effectively
incorporated within the organisation in proper manner or not. Along with this, by using
this system, firm can easily evaluate the external knowledge of the current market area.
Example of the KMS is design systems, virtual reality and fiscal working area
Globalization and the effects of IT on globalization: -
Globalization is basically a word which are used in order to describe the growing
interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations which is brought up by
trade of goods, services, technologies and many more across the borders of countries. The
concept of globalization is very broad and in the single piece of definition the word globalization
can't be explain. Due to the globalization the firms are able to trade freely all across the globe.

Along with this the flow the fund including the investment also comprises in the globalization.
The progress of globalization has been initiated from the year 1900 (Kolomytseva and et. al.,
2018). The impact of IT on the globalization has been mentioned below: -
The most important factor which is responsible for the evaluation of the globalization is
the growth in the technology. Due to the Information technology the world become competitive
and move towards the moral standard and the ethics. After the introduction of information
technology not only the barrier of trading has been reduced but also the new market are open for
the organisation which increase their sales as well as customer base. The advancement in the
Information technology leads to increase in the immense amount of competition in the
international market (Kunanets, Vasiuta and Boiko, 2019). The firm are able to do the
production functions in proper manner with less time and cost of making the goods has also
been reduces. Along with this, due to the increase in the technology and innovation in the
software foreign direct investment has been increased due to which different types of options are
open in front of the organisation in order to fulfil the need of capital.
Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure may be defined as a digital technologies which are used by the
management of the organisation in order to perform their various business activities in a very
productive manner and this also support the IT. Example related to the digital infrastructure are
digital websites, broadband mobile telecommunication, different types of cloud services,
software, application and many more. The another name of the cloud service is cloud computing
which most probably used by all types of organization worldwide. In the today's era, almost all
the firms are utilize the cloud computing which assist the firms attaining a positive growth in the
global market (Lin and Yang ,2019). As the technology is very dynamic in nature so different
types of pros and cons are associated with this. Following are the advantages and disadvantage of
the digital infrastructure which has been discussed below:-
Advantages :- the most crucial advantage which is associated with the digital infrastructure is,
through the use of cloud services the data which is lost can be easily recovered. The another
advantage of the cloud services is that by using this the data can be effectively shared and with
full security. In the cloud services there is full transparency and data can not be imitated due to
which the security has been increases. In addition to this, the another benefit which in relation to
the digital infrastructure is that cloud computing is easily accessible. The user can effectively use

these services and along with this they can also store as well as share the data form any part of
the world. The management uses the cloud computing which not only helps them in increasing
their efficiency but also help them in increasing their productivity(Pappas and et. al., 2018).
Along with this, the another advantage which is associated with the digital infrastructure is that
this is cost effective in nature. The cost of installing the hardware as well as the software has
been cut down because of this.
Disadvantages :- in order to enjoy the cloud services internet connection is required and this is
the most important disadvantage which is associated with this. It is very important for the user to
have an internet connection to access the data all time. In addition to this, the another
disadvantage of the digital infrastructure is the vendor lock. So for this the management of the
company have to depend of the different types of cloud service provider. The organization used
the Hybrid cloud tactics which result in that firm has to face the difficulty in managing the team
of infrastructure.
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
In the environment a myth has been spread that the firm receive the perks if they out
source the information but this is not true. The main risk in relation to the information system
outsourcing are loss of control, dependency on the service givers, inexperienced employees,
hidden cost and many more. The the risk associated with the ISO has been mentioned below: -
 The unskilled as well as the inexperienced staff members of the organisation is the main
risk of inform system of outsourcing(Reis and et. al., 2021). The management have to
provide specific knowledge and along with this employees must have to posses
appropriate knowledge of outsourcing.
 Invisible expenses: sometimes hidden cost which is associated with the information
system of outsourcing affect the company in a very negative manner so it is very
important for the user to anticipate the technical issues.
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation
For the transformation of the digital infrastructure the information technology structure
plays a very important role. The whole system of the information system of the organisation is
based on this because this is considered as the foundation(Reiz and et. al., 2019). The
management of the company must have to understand the importance as well as the need of the
networking and data centre. This not only give assistance to the firm in the decision making but

also assist in dealing with the risk appropriately. The implementation of the digital infrastructure
is not an easy task for an organisation. In this, huge capital investment is required so that they
can paid focus on the different operations of the firm and enjoy the competitive advantage. Some
of the example which assist the firm in protecting their future goals is mass storage and flash
information centre(Talón-Ballestero and et. al., 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that it is very important for the management
of the company use the information technology within the firm. With the help of this they can
enjoy the competitive advantage over their rivals and better reach to the consumer. So it is very
crucial for the firm to understand the importance as well as the need of information technology in
the workplace. In order to develop the information system of communication it is very important
for the company management to use the technology so that all the functions of the company can
be performed effectively. This report conclude the MS office, Moodle as a IT solution with its
development and advantage. Along with this, this report also concluded the different types of
system like ESS, DSS, TPS and many more which help the organisation in performing their
different functions in a very effective manner. In addition to this, this report also concluded the
concept of globalization and the impact of Information technology on globalization.
Globalization has open various doors for the organisation so that they can expand their business
globally. This report also concluded the advantage and disadvantage of the digital infrastructure
and the risk which is associated with this.

References
Books and journal
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challenges and enabling technologies. Enterprise Information Systems, 14(9-10),
pp.1279-1303.
Forrester, V.V., 2019. School management information systems: Challenges to educational
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Grant, E., 2021. Big data-driven innovation, deep learning-assisted smart process planning, and
product decision-making information systems in sustainable Industry 4.0. Economics,
Management, and Financial Markets, 16(1), pp.9-19.
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data use in the sphere of state finance management: Concept scheme. In AIP Conference
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Kunanets, N., Vasiuta, O. and Boiko, N., 2019, September. Advanced technologies of big data
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Talón-Ballestero, P and et. al., 2018. Using big data from customer relationship management
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