Information Systems and Big Data Analysis: IT Solutions, Globalisation, Digital Infrastructure, and Risks of Outsourcing

This report covers the theories, methods, and techniques related to the design and development of IT solutions such as McAfee and MS Office, the impact of IT on globalisation, the definition, examples, advantages, and disadvantages of digital infrastructure, and the risks associated with information systems outsourcing.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by:
Name:
ID:
1

Contents
Introduction 3
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and
development for TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle;
(iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
3
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
4
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
6
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital
infrastructure 7
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is IT
infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
9
Conclusion 10
References 11
2

Introduction
Information system is meant by a formal organizational system developed and
designed in order to collect, analyse, and interpretation of data. This system is
basically comprised of four major elements as workforce, activities, technology, and
structure. Importance of information lies in providing support to management
procedures with various information and knowledge resulting in effective decision
making. Activities and operations under this system includes collection of data,
analysis of acquired information, and interpretation of analysed data. Big data
analytics is meant by the use of technology and techniques in order to extract
information from very large and huge data sets and data bases. It facilities in efficient
understanding of complex and huge data bases resulting in effective decision-
making (Anyushenkova, 2018). This report assessment assessment will be comprised
of useful and insightful knowledge of information system and few IT solutions.
Furthermore, it will be including impact of IT over globalisation and risk factors
associated with information system outsourcing.
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and
development for TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle;
(iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
IT solutions are meant by platforms or application software facilitating information
system practices to be provided in a systematic manner. It is set of software programs and
services that promotes and supports these information practices providing with a platform
for analysis and storage of information and complex databases. The company was further
owned by Intel corp. in February 2011, and result in being the part of Intel Security Division
(Beck, 2018).
McAfee
McAfee has been designed and developed in the view of providing security program
or application for computer protecting from viruses that could harm computerized
programs. McAfee is an American global computer security system being headquartered in
San Jose, C.A.
3

McAfee application has been developed with the use of Agile methodology or
continuous integration methodology. The agile methodology practices are referred to Agile
Software Development Life cycle (SDLC) (Bigo, and et. al., 2021).
MS Office
MS Office is a set of applications that are determined to facilitate operations and
activities organised especially in a corporate workplace. These application software are
developed in order to enhance productivity in tasks and activities in completion of a
assigned task. MS Office provides platform for creation of databases, spreadsheets,
presentations, reports, as well as creating and editing documents.
Waterfall development methodology has been used in designing and development
of MS Office.
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
DSS (Decision Support System)
A DSS is computerized program which is implemented into business practices
in order to support decision-making of management. It determines best option
available with the analysis of large and complex datasets acquired from different
sources. Major components involved in this system are database, user interface, and
software application. This system results in enhancing efficiency and heightens up
the speed of decision-making activities (Borowski, 2020). Decision support system
results in providing businesses with efficient inventory management, better sales
projections, and effective data analysis.
For example; GPS route planning: this is used to determine best available
option with analysis of information and knowledge.
ESS (Executive Support System)
ESS (Executive Support System) is meant by information support system that
facilitates in efficient decision-making practices of higher authorities and executives.
This system is also termed as Executive Information System. This system is
determined at providing information and knowledge with analysis of databases and
information acquired through different sources. Implementation of ESS or EIS also
4

allows access to internal as well as external sources of information to higher level
authorities in order to achieve organisational goals. This information system is
majorly comprised of four elements as hardware, software, user interface, and
telecommunications. Primary and foremost importance of this information system lies
in support to strategic planning and decision-making of Top level management.
For example; use of ESS by Cambridge systematics in order to facilitate their
investment planning of Transportation ministry (Chyrun, and et. al., 2019).
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
As the name suggests this support system is used to collect, store, analyse,
and improvement of transactions taking place in an organisation. TPS also includes
initiatives in providing approximate response time to pending requests and also
ensures faster responses. It includes systematic approach in carrying out
Purchasing, Order Processing, and Accounting regulated in a workplace. Procedures
and activities carried out in TPS involves accumulation of data/information,
maintaining records, customisation, improvisation of transactions that takes place in
an organisation. Transaction Processing System also facilitates in maintaining
regular and routine transactions carried out in a business (Colvero, and et. al., 2018).
This support system is comprised of various major elements such as Input, Output,
storage, and process.
For example; Bill generation, sales terminals, Loan system. Etc.
MIS (Management Information System)
MIS (Management Information System) is basically meant by a system
comprised of various activities and practices that facilitates in gathering information
of major assets and factors affecting management of an organisation. These assets
and factors includes workforce, technological aspects, operations, and many other
components of business. This management support system provides values to
management of an organisation with contribution of necessary information and
knowledge for efficient decision-making. Furthermore, It enhances productivity in
carrying out operations and activities in order to maximise benefits from these
organised operations. Activities organised in this support system are identification of
actual problem, comparison of business performance, setting up of standards, etc.
5

For example; payroll processing, order processing, inventory control, etc
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
Knowledge management system is regulated in a workplace or organisation in
order to distribution and storage of information or data required in a workplace.
Application this information support system into working provides efficient
understanding of information, effective coordination, and facilitating systematic
procedures of activities and operations. Primary and major aim of this system is to
provide insightful knowledge of company's target customer base and market in which
company or organisation is operating in. KSM is majorly comprised of four elements
in as Information, procedures, people, and strategies (Fontana, and et. al., 2019).
Furthermore, it results in increasing efficiency and accuracy in decision-making
activities.
For example; Tableau's knowledge base
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation
Globalisation is termed as interconnection and interdependence of economies
and nations among each other with the regulation of cross-border trades of goods
and services. Cross-border trades involved in the huge concept of globalisation
globally includes goods and services, technological aspects, information and
knowledge, investment flow, etc. The rising rate of cross-border trades with
increasing globalisation is contributing into economic development of nations and
economies with access to resources and requirements. Moreover, these practices
and activities are resulting in reducing the communication gap between people and
organisations operating in different economic nations. Globalisation contributes in
large scope of expansion and growth of business operations and activities to be
carried out on a large scale with cross-border trades and additional business unit in
other economic markets. Globalisation has been observed with rapid increase since
18th century with advanced methods of transportation and supply chain management
(Fontana, and et. al., 2019). Therefore, increased competition due to globalisation has
resulted in providing consumers with high quality products and services as well as
6

access to offerings of companies or organisations from other nations and economic
markets.
Importance and need for globalisation
 Generation of employment opportunities: Activities and operations
organised in order to facilitate cross-border trades has resulted in generating
more number of employment opportunities. Therefore, this aspect results in
being a beneficiary aspect of globalisation as it provides a opportunity for
people in society to earn a living.
 Appropriate use of resources: Efficient activities and operations regulated
in carrying out globalisation practices results in appropriate and potential use
of resources.
 Economic development: Cross-border trades across different nations and
economies contributes in economic development with approach and access to
essential resources from another nation. Moreover, economic development is
also supported with export practices initiated from a particular economy.
 Efficient cost of production: Access to resources and services from
different economic markets provides economies with choice of appropriate
and most suitable input to be used for production and manufacturing
operations.
 Access to advanced technology: Cross-border trades in globalisation also
facilitate in contributing advanced technologies and technological aspects to
other economic markets in order to enhance productivity (Keikhosrokiani, and
et. al., 2020).
Impact of Information technology on Globalisation
Information Technology has a vital and crucial role in the procedures and
practices organised in Globalisation. IT is primarily determined at providing essential
information and knowledge required in carrying out activities and operations in a
marketplace. For instance, it includes contribution of information and data that
facilitates in efficient decision-making in order to achieve maximum benefits from
organised operations. Furthermore, information and knowledge provided with
implementation of IT results in development of well planned strategies to be applied
in a workplace. Prevention of communication barriers is another major impact
experienced with the presence of systematic information technology in globalisation
practices. These practices of gathering and analysing acquired information also
7

provides understanding of current consumer demands and market trends. In addition
to that, it enhances coordination and interconnection among economies indulged
cross-border trades. Furthermore, these information and knowledge results in
development suitable and efficient supply chain management (Könning, and et. al.,
2019).
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital
infrastructure
Digital Infrastructure
Digital Infrastructure is basically meant by a working environment comprised
of technological aspects which facilitates additional values to urban management.
For instance, it involves digital connectivity of technologies and workforce carrying
out operations and activities in workplace. It contributes assistance to businesses in
providing efficient services to consumers in a effective and improvised manner.
Workplaces comprised of digital infrastructure are experienced with increasing
productivity in carrying out operations and activities. Moreover, it includes enhancing
operations, output with lesser cost, and sustainability in production or manufacturing
functions of a business unit. Implementation of digital technologies results in
reducing waste of input and also producing higher outputs. Furthermore, major aim
and objective behind using digital infrastructure into workplace is acquiring maximum
benefits from operations and activities organised in a workplace.
For example; Integrations and APIs, Application and software, satellite
communication, broadband, telecommunication suites, etc.
Advantages of Digital Infrastructure
 Sustainability: Workplaces comprised of digital technologies promotes
sustainability with minimising waste of raw materials as input for operations
and activities of production or manufacturing. For instance, presence of digital
infrastructure results in appropriate utilisation of resources.
 Flexible workplace: Flexibility in a workplace is meant by ability to adapt
changes and necessary modifications required in company's operations and
activities. Digital Infrastructure facilitates in enhancing flexibility of workplace
in adapting changes in order to improvise overall productivity (Monteiro, and et.
al., 2018).
8

 Efficiency: Organising and carrying out operations and activities with the use
of digital infrastructure results in completion of tasks with lesser costs. For
instance, use of more technological aspects rather than workforce involves
lesser costs as well as chances of errors or deviations in the process.
Disadvantages of Digital Infrastructure
 Threat of unethical practices: Digital infrastructure has various loopholes
that could be used by people in order to initiate with a unethical and
unauthorised practice. Therefore, this is considered as the major drawback or
pitfall in implementation of digital infrastructure in a workplace.
 Privacy: Privacy of confidential data and information is a major concern
related with digital infrastructure. For instance, loss of this confidential
information or data with the use of any unethical practice in digital
infrastructure is a major threat associated with Digital infrastructure.
 Degradation of human memory: With the increased use of technology for
carrying out activities it has resulted in degradation of human memory as
technological aspects could be used for remembering information and
knowledge.
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is IT
infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
Information system outsourcing is meant by practice of appointing a third-
party for performing information system practices on the behalf of company or
organisation. Moreover, this practice of outsourcing of company's operations and
activities includes gathering and analysis of data or information required to the
company. These representatives performing company's operations and activities are
service providers who works on the behalf of client in return of particular fees or
charges. Information system outsourcing is considered by companies and
organisations as it involves lesser cost than companies organising these activities
and practices on their own. Primary activities and operations outsourced by
companies are application development and maintenance, networking practices,
data entry operations, etc. Furthermore, outsourcing of information system provides
9

additional period of time to companies in order to focus more upon core business
activities and operations.
Risks associated with Information System Outsourcing
 Hidden costs: Third-parties working on the behalf of companies could
generally includes a particular amount of fees or charges in return of
completion of assigned tasks. Sometimes, these representatives could arise
with additional hidden or invisible costs on completion of assigned tasks and
activities.
 Loss of control over activities: With the delegation of activities and
operations to third-party representatives, companies or organisations lose
control over these activities and operations.
 Unskilled workforce: These third-parties performing tasks and activities on
the behalf of their client could be comprised of unskilled and inefficient
workforce which could result in inappropriate completion of assigned task.
 Outdated technology: Technology plays a vital role in functioning of
businesses in a workplace as well as marketplace. For instance, there could
be a possibility of these third-parties using outdated technologies in carrying
out companies operations and activities. Therefore, this factor could lead in
being a major risk in information system outsourcing.
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
It has been experienced that IT infrastructure is critical transformation as it
provides efficient engagement with technological aspects being carried out in the
workplace. In addition to that, it facilitates in creative and innovative approach in
regulating as well as carrying out operations and activities in a business
environment. Digital transformation allows faster responses for need to change,
creation of modular data, rules and regulations, content as well as transactional
functions, etc. IT infrastructure enables organisations and companies connecting to
their most suitable and compatible applications which results in accelerating growth
and development (Wang, and et. al., 2021).
Conclusion
From the above assessment report it could be concluded that information
system plays a crucial role in growth and development of businesses. This report
contains import information and knowledge of various information support system
10

facilitating in management system. Information technology has vital impact over
globalisation and efficient implementation of Information practices enhances overall
productivity. Furthermore, this report is comprised of risk factors associated with
information system outsourcing.
11

References
Books and Journals
Anyushenkova, O.N., 2018. Economy and globalization. In ЭКОНОМИКА, БИЗНЕС,
ИННОВАЦИИ (pp. 20-22).
Beck, U., 2018. What is globalization?. John Wiley & Sons.
Bigo, S., Benzaoui, N., Christodoulopoulos, K., Miller, R., Lautenschlaeger, W. and Frick,
F., 2021. Dynamic deterministic digital infrastructure for time-sensitive applications
in factory floors. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 27(6),
pp.1-14.
Borowski, P.F., 2020. New technologies and innovative solutions in the development
strategies of energy enterprises. HighTech and Innovation Journal, 1(2), pp.39-58.
Chyrun, L., Chyrun, L., Kis, Y. and Rybak, L., 2019, May. Information System for
Connection to the Access Point with Encryption WPA2 Enterprise. In International
Scientific Conference “Intellectual Systems of Decision Making and Problem of
Computational Intelligence” (pp. 389-404). Springer, Cham.
Colvero, D.A., Gomes, A.P.D., da Cruz Tarelho, L.A., de Matos, M.A.A. and Dos Santos,
K.A., 2018. Use of a geographic information system to find areas for locating of
municipal solid waste management facilities. Waste management, 77, pp.500-515.
Fontana, M.E., Aragão, J.P.S. and Morais, D.C., 2019. Decision support system for
outsourcing strategies. Production Engineering, 13(5), pp.547-555.
Keikhosrokiani, P., Mustaffa, N., Zakaria, N. and Abdullah, R., 2020. Assessment of a
medical information system: the mediating role of use and user satisfaction on the
success of human interaction with the mobile healthcare system (iHeart). Cognition,
Technology & Work, 22(2), pp.281-305.
Könning, M., Westner, M. and Strahringer, S., 2019. A systematic review of recent
developments in IT outsourcing research. Information Systems Management, 36(1),
pp.78-96.
Monteiro, C.S., Costa, C., Pina, A., Santos, M.Y. and Ferrão, P., 2018. An urban building
database (UBD) supporting a smart city information system. Energy and
Buildings, 158, pp.244-260.
Wang, Y., Zhao, M., Hu, Y., Gao, Y. and Cui, X., 2021. Secure computation protocols under
asymmetric scenarios in enterprise information system. Enterprise Information
Systems, 15(4), pp.492-512.
12