BMP4005 Information Systems and Big Data Analysis - Written Portfolio

This report analyses the different methods for development and designing of IT solutions, distinct IT systems, digital infrastructure, globalisation and its effects on IT. Some risks associated with information outsourcing will also be analysed.

BSc (Hons) Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data
Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
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Table of Contents
Introduction...............................................................................................................................2
Task 1:.......................................................................................................................................2
Theories, methods and techniques related to designing and development for IT
solutions................................................................................................................................2
Task 2:.......................................................................................................................................4
The different Information systems....................................................................................4
Task 3........................................................................................................................................6
Globalization and effects of IT on globalization..............................................................6
Task 4........................................................................................................................................7
Digital infrastructure............................................................................................................7
Task 5........................................................................................................................................8
Risks of information systems outsourcing and importance of IT infrastructure to
digital transformation...........................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................10
1

Introduction
Information systems refers to the significant set of components which are
used for collection, processing and storage of data as well to provide relevant
information to digital products. In business units, the information systems are utilized
as way to run the inter-organizational electric markets and supply chains as well
(Samimi, 2020).
Hyperlink InfoSystems is the Mobile app development company of UK. It offers
various technical and proficiency qualities in their final products to the consumers.
Big data analysis refers to the management of complex and large data sets
which the traditional application software find inadequate to capture, process,
manage and curate all the data in a particular period of time. The big data is used for
user behaviour analytics as well for predictive analytics. The report aims to analyse
the different methods for development and designing of IT solutions, distinct IT
systems, digital infrastructure, globalisation and its effects on IT. Some risks
associated with information outsourcing will also be analysed.
Task 1:
Theories, methods and techniques related to designing and development for IT
solutions
McAfee:
McAfee is the online protection software which provides regular protection
from viruses, ransomware, phishing and hackers as well. It provides security to
systems as well as alerts the users prior when connecting with risky or unsafe
websites. These are the digital tools for devices such as personal computers,
mobile devices and server devices as well. Some of these software involves
following:
 McAfee Total protection
 McAfee Live safe
 McAfee mobile security of iOS and Android
 McAfee virus removal service
 McAfee safe family
 McAfee Identity theft protection, etc.
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McAfee uses the Agile or continuous integration model/ technology for its
development and designing process. This is called as the Agile SDLC (Software
Development Life Cycle) (Tam and et.al., 2020). It is the structures series of phases
which a software goes through as it stares from the beginning to the end. The
software development tin this methodology is very strict and follows the project
management methods chosen by team only.
The various phases of SDLC involves follows:
 Concept: Concept development-Security assessment
 Inception: Planning- Architecture
 Iteration: Designing and development
 Release: Readiness and launch- Ship
 Maintenance: Support and sustain- M&A, post release legacy
 Retire: Replacement or obsoleting
It is the ley structural model for McAfee software development. It enables the
teams to stay and consist on the course as the software moves from the concept
phase to retirement (Hoda, Salleh and Grundy, 2018).
MS-Office- waterfall:
MS-Office is the client software developed my Microsoft. Initially it involved a set
of productivity applications such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint and
Microsoft Word. The operating systems for Microsoft Office is Microsoft Windows. It
supports Office Open XML standards (ISO/IEC 29500) in more than 102 languages.
Over many years since its initiation, it have introduced various features such as spell
checker, visual basics etc. along with new applications. MS-Office uses waterfall
methodology or technique for its designing and development.
Waterfall methodology is the approach which uses the linear progression from
the initiation to the end for a project (Dima and Maassen, 2018). It is also as known
as ‘Linear-sequential life cycle model’. The model or technique focus on competing
one activity before processing to the nest one, ensuring that there is no overlapping
between different stages. It divides the procedure of software development into
different stages. It explains the software development in a linear sequential flow
which means that in order to move to next phase, the previous phase has to be
completed. So the outcome of one phase, is the input of next phase. The various
phases in waterfall model involves following:
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 Gathering and analysis of requirements
 System designing
 Implementation of system
 Integration and testing phase
 Development of system and
 Maintenance
The process is downwards focus and flows like a waterfall (Gharajeh, 2019).
Task 2:
The different Information systems
As different organizational and systems have different needs which evolve
though time. So, there are various information systems which fulfil those needs. Also
the companies generate different benefits through the use of different Information
systems. Some of the information systems are described as follows:
DSS (Decision Support System)
The Decision support systems is the computerised program which is used by
companies to support the judgements, courses of actions and determinations for
business. It gathers data as well analyses it and then synthesize it for producing
comprehensive information reports for company (Van Capelleveen, Amrit and
Yazan, 2018). It allows the companies to follow up a more and significant decision
making process, improve efficiency and timely problem solving process for dealing
with different functions.
For example: Hyperlink InfoSystems uses DSS such as GPS route planning for
fining the best routes to gather materials and shipping through analysis of best
option.
ESS (Executive Support System)
It is the executive information systems which is a management support
system which facilitates as well as supports various senior executive information and
decision making needs (Salloum, Al-Emran and Shaalan, 2018). The system
provides easier access to external and internal organization goals which are relevant
for the decision making.
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For example: Hyperlink InfoSystems uses technical reports from their consultants
which help them in taking better decisions regarding their technical decision making.
Financial reports and confidential information is also generated through ESS.
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
A TPS is the information processing system, which is used in business
transactions in order to collect, modification as well as the retrieval of all transaction
data of company (Azeroual, Saake and Abuosba, 2019). It consists of software and
hardware which is hosting the transition oriented application for performing the daily
necessary transactions for business.
For example: Hyperlink InfoSystems uses Transaction processing systems for
management of sales order entry as well as for payroll and employee record
management.
MIS (Management Information System)
Management information systems is the information system which related to
the study of technology, organization and study of people as well. These systems
helps the companies in realising the maximum benefits through providing better
assistance and support for various personal, business processes and equipment. It
is people-oriented information system (Diederich, Brendel and Kolbe, 2019).
For example: Hyperlink InfoSystems uses sales and marketing MIS system for the
management of its sales and marketing function within it.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
The Knowledge management systems is the type of information system which
helps the companies in management of knowledge process through providing data
captivity, functionality and configurable processes. It the stems which is used for
application as well utilization of knowledge management principles in order to enable
the employees and customers to share, create and search relevant information more
quickly (Boiko, Shendryk and Boiko, 2019).
For example: Hyperlink InfoSystems use the self-service portals in the company
where all the employees can have access to information.
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Task 3
Globalization and effects of IT on globalization
Globalization is the process which describes the growing interdependence of
economies of world, populations and cultures as well which is brought through the
cross-border trade in goods and services, information slows, people, information and
technologies (Wilkinson, 2021). As the through the technical evolution and progress
the world have connected more than ever.
The information technology globalisation refers to the exchange of distinct
information across boarders and the reduce expansion from countries more
effortless. Such expansion on international levels leads towards the ideas for new
products and services as well as new methods for doing business and its processes.
Globalization have been fastened through the use of information technology. So it
can be considered that Information Technology have enabled Globalisation on a
wider level. IT have revolutionized the ways of business interactions. Through the
development of IT, people can connect with anyone from any corner of the world
quickly. IT enables every movement or interaction through internet expect the
physical movements (Thomas, 2018).
Effects of IT on globalization:
Information technology have the significant role in globalization. IT have
helped the companies in overcoming various challenges of globalization as well as
international trade which involves transportation costs, ethical standards, delays in
information exchange as well as connecting to people. IT have enables the
companies to work in collaboration with other companies from all around the world.
IT have also helped in growth and creation of global diverse market.
For example: Multinational companies can been seen as the major critical element
in globalization. Markets have become so rapid through technologies that various
kinds of trades are possible in various countries. If an innovation takes place in a
host country, the same will flow through its subsidiaries in other countries. Due to
this flow of technology, all the involved countries benefit from the technological
innovation. It also facilitates movement of research and development to those
countries as well. Without Information Technology, the globalization could not
expand on such as rapid rate. It would have taken a lot of time to take decisions, to
communicate and resource technologies from one country to another if Information
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technology was not present. So, without IT integration among businesses could take
years (Stephen, 2020).
However, it is also considered that technology have enabled business
globalization which benefits the developed countries more than developing countries.
As technologies have generated various benefits and opportunities for globalized
networks, they have some limitations as well. There are many frictions in information
systems such as privacy issues which can bring the systems of a company to its
knees. It can enable the businesses and companies to mitigate abuse at the time of
handling those frictions.
Task 4
Digital infrastructure
Definition
Digital infrastructure are the digital technologies which provide the basis for an
organization’s operation and information technology. Digital infrastructure involves all
the physical resources which are needed to enable the use of computerised devices,
systems, processes and data as well. It enables the businesses to become more
agile and provide better rapidity to deliver capabilities of business.
Greenstein (2019), sates that, Digital infrastructure is the focus which enables
business agility as well power them towards user experiences which help in driving
customer loyalty and engagement.
For example: Internet backbone, mobile telecom, data centres digital
communication suites as broadband etc.
Advantages of Digital infrastructure
There are various advantages of digital infrastructures. Some of those are explained
as follows:
 Better consumer experiences: As the consumers are hyper-connected, due
to which they constantly look for new technologies for their products. The
digital infrastructure provides companies with digital infrastructure and digital
platforms through which the companies provide high quality experiences to
fulfil the demands of consumers as well as employee productivity.
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 Better business practices: Digital infrastructure assists the companies I
developing best practices for its operations through various platforms such as
cloud computing. After the development of a plan, digital infrastructure helps
in implementation of latest services and application interfaces which can bring
all the infrastructure and operations in up-to date technology (Seshadri and
et.al., 2020).
 Creating better value for customers: Through the digital infrastructure the
companies can connect and share the appropriate data through various
platforms and applications which can help in improving the user experience to
customers as well employees. It helps the companies in creating better
market engagement through up-to date technologies and technological
innovations.
Disadvantages of Digital infrastructure
Apart from the advantages, there are some disadvantages of digital infrastructure
which can be explained as follows:
 Decreased space in fact centres: The increased use of World Wide Web of
Issues i.e. IoT can reduce space in the fact centres. The companies have
needs of data processing and data safe-keeping. In order to do that the
companies will use supplement methods which allows them to co-discover
servers without that much needs, it will affect current networking sites
(Queiroz and et.al., 2020).
 Huge costs: The development and implementation of digital infrastructure
require huge costs to be invested. It requires huge amount of research and
development which also needs huge investment. Apart from these, the
companies will have to hire new employees as well as provide the existing
employees trainings and development programmes for operating and using
digital infrastructure.
Task 5
Risks of information systems outsourcing and importance of IT infrastructure to
digital transformation
Information system outsourcing refers to the physical or human resources
associated to the organization’s information technology being supplied as well as
administered by the external specialised provider. The objective of outsourcing is
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cost cutting for the company and also a desire of the company to focus more on
business instead of IT (Mohamed and et.al., 2019).
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
Outsourcing IT is not a recent trend, it have followed from many years. Companies
outsource IT through application software or through the use of software houses etc.
However, some risks associated with information outsourcing are described as
follows:
 Possibility if weak management: As the companies choses any option for
outsourcing its’ IS executives need to manage IT operations (Ulas, 2019). If
the company outsources the IT from outside, there are less chances that the
executives are able to manage the contracts as well as relationships with the
third parties. If the management of the company is bad, it makes for
managers to mange the external provider difficult as well as difficult to
manage operations in marketplace.
 Staff resistance or inexperienced staff: Outsourcing is more beneficial for
the specialised companies. As the specialised companies have the better
image in the market, it is more likely to outsource the better IT specialists.
However, the new business or It services do not have experienced specialists
(Könning, Westner and Strahringer, 2019).
 Business uncertainty: The companies who chose the IT outsourcing due to
the costs or focus, it is assumed that it have clear needs and directions. A
company who’s needs and directions are not clear, cannot use IT outsourcing
as it is too risky for it to give charge in the hands of a third party.
Importance of IT infrastructure to digital transformation
Information technology infrastructure is very critical for the digital
transformation process as it is the basis for the company’s whole IT systems. The
companies which fails to realise the importance of IT, more specifically the
networking and data centres infrastructure, they limit their agility as well as risk
spending when they try to optimise the digital transformation (Bhandari and
Croucher, 2020). There are various reasons which makes the IT infrastructure
important critical to companies. One of those reasons is that, on the higher levels IT
infrastructure makes the companies more effective in budget allocation as well in
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resourcing the new projects or markets. It also makes the costs of day to day
infrastructure management much-more cheaper and easier.
The IT infrastructure allow the immediate and near immediate deployment whenever
the needs to access storage arises. IT infrastructure makes the multi-cloud data
management automatic. It helps in saving time and also free the resources for other
activities of companies at the same time covering scope for hybrid, multi-cloud
architecture (ElMassah and Mohieldin, 2020).
CONCLUSION
From the above analysis, it can be concluded that Information systems are
the set of companies use d by companies for storage, collection and processing of
relevant data. Big data analysis is the management of complex and large data
through traditional software. The McAfree is an online protection software which
uses agile methodology while MS-Office is a client server software which uses
waterfall methodology or model for development and designing of its software. There
are different systems such as DSS, TPS etc. which are used on the different needs
of companies. IT have enabled Globalization quicker and easier. Digital
infrastructure provide various benefits such as better consumer experiences, but
have negative effects such as decreased space. There are various risks associated
with IT outsourcing such as possibility if weak management while there are various
reasons which makes Information technology infrastructure critical to digital
transformation.
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REFERENCES
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Azeroual, O., Saake, G. and Abuosba, M., 2019. Data quality measures and data
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Diederich, S., Brendel, A.B. and Kolbe, L.M., 2019. On conversational agents in
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Dima, A.M. and Maassen, M.A., 2018. From Waterfall to Agile software:
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ElMassah, S. and Mohieldin, M., 2020. Digital transformation and localizing the
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Gharajeh, M.S., 2019. Waterative model: An integration of the waterfall and iterative
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Könning, M., Westner, M. and Strahringer, S., 2019. A systematic review of recent
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and Globalization in Educational Transformation (pp. 80-97). IGI Global.
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software development projects. International Journal of Project
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Thomas, P., 2018. The great convergence: Information technology and the new
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Ulas, D., 2019. Digital transformation process and SMEs. Procedia Computer
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van Capelleveen, G., Amrit, C. and Yazan, D.M., 2018. A literature survey of
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Wilkinson, M., 2021. Globalization. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Study of
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