Information Systems and Big Data Analysis

This article discusses the meaning of digital infrastructure, techniques of development for MS office and Moodle, and support systems including TPS, DSS, MIS, KSM and ESS. It also explains the meaning of globalization and its impact on IT, and highlights the example of digital infrastructure with its advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it identifies the risks associated with outsourcing in information systems.

Information System and Big
Data Analysis

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK:1............................................................................................................................................3
(A) Moodle:.................................................................................................................................3
(B) MS office..............................................................................................................................3
TASK:2............................................................................................................................................4
DSS (Decision Support System):................................................................................................4
ESS (Executive Support System)................................................................................................5
TPS (Transaction Processing System)........................................................................................6
MIS (Management Information System)....................................................................................6
KSM (Knowledge Management System)...................................................................................7
TASK:3............................................................................................................................................7
Meaning of Globalisation............................................................................................................7
Effects of IT on globalisation and how it is influenced..............................................................8
TASK:4............................................................................................................................................9
Digital infrastructure-..................................................................................................................9
Example of Digital infrastructure: Internet backbone..............................................................9
TASK:5..........................................................................................................................................10
Explaining risks associated with outsourcing and critically analyse........................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Digital infrastructure refers to all the technologies that providing all the foundation for
organisation operations and information technologies (Al Shobaki and et.al., 2017). There are
various example of it related to digital suites, broadband and mobile telecom. In this will discuss
on the techniques of development for MS office and Moodle. Moreover, analyse the support
system including with TPS, DSS, MIS, KSM and ESS. Further, will explain the meaning of
globalization and its impact on IT. Lastly, highlight the example of digital infrastructure with its
advantages and disadvantages. Also, identify the risk that associated in information system of
outsourcing.
TASK:1
(A) Moodle:
It refers to the software that helps in learning to educators and administrators by single
robust and integrated system for creating personalized environment of learning. While operating
the software it is need to install and using own servers of web (Perlekar and Thakkar, 2019).
There are several examples of this software such as, assignment activities, surveys and
assessment, tools for student’s management and delivery of contents.
Social constructivist theory-
For developing the Moodle, it is helped by the theory that helps to development the
knowledge of human being which is socially situated and interact with others. It is beneficial for
developing on the basis of group inquiry and simulations. In IT sector it played important role in
many ways such as its compliance training for the employees and also helps in hiring candidates
for job by conducting several interviews.
(B) MS office
Microsoft Office is a software that uses as business application for office purpose, it is
helped in improvement of productivity of the organisation (Fang, 2018). There is various
application of MS office such as excel, PowerPoint, outlook, publisher, OneNote etc.
Examples of MS office such as students can make their projects by MS word or present it
on PowerPoint on other hand, excel is most important application for business purpose in order
to make files related to data analysis and visualizations. The main benefit for these is employees
can on anytime and time, also provides reliability and robust security. It helps in access the latest

programs. Moreover, by this software it helps to create business plan by given templates in MS
word by building budget in excel.
For developing the software, it can use technique of structure charts that helps to identify
the system of breakdown by its lowest level. For IT is necessary to use because of collaboration
with other companies in order to widen the business and development on the basis of roles,
hierarchy and responsibilities.
TASK:2
DSS (Decision Support System):
It is a computer program that used to support judgement, determination and all the action
which is related to business or organization. This is also helping in management, planning and
operations of a company for making better decision by addressing the trade-off and uncertainties
that involved decision-making (Samimi, 2020). There are various elements of DSS such as
management of, model, data, knowledge and interface user. Example of DSS are hybrid and
manual system including with all kinds of analytics. The main benefit is to improve speed and
efficiency of activities of decision-making. It helps to increase the capabilities, control and
competitiveness of the future decision regarding the organisation. Decision support system
facilitate interpersonal communication by encouraging the training and learning. This is
classified into two support system such as model based and data based.

From the above picture it has been analysis that DSS provide all the support regarding
personal and community values, cost and revenue, possible responses and model and projection.
ESS (Executive Support System)
This is a kind of system that support management by facilitating and supporting senior
information of executives and need of decision making (Elhoushy, Salem and Agag, 2020). ESS
provides access to external and internal information that are relevant to the firm’s goal. There is
some example of ESS are Cambridge systematics that has to support in the investment planning
for ministry and transportation. The main objective of this application is to provide real time to
represent information at the high level of management that support strategic activities which are
related to planning, forecasting, goal setting etc. This computer-based system has various
systems such as software, hardware, telecommunications and user interface. The output of ESS
are that can be allowed for users that transform the data into quick access for accounting, billing,
staffing department. It is enhanced decision-making for those executives who are using for GPS
planning for routes.
Illustration A: Decision support system (DSS)

TPS (Transaction Processing System)
It is the system of computer software and hardware host a transaction that oriented
application which can be performed for day to day transaction that necessary to conduct in
business (Simamora, 2019). There are various examples of TPS such as system for managing
sales order entry, payroll, airlines reservations, employee records or related to manufacturing or
shipping. This process is used to operate the business transactions, also record non-inquiry
transaction itself in produces and database related to the transactions. It provides all the system
for execution environment for ensuring integrity, security of data and its availability. The main
benefit of TPS is to increase the speed of transaction sop that can help in efficiency for
minimizing the wait time of the customers.
MIS (Management Information System)
This system is study of organization, people, technology and their relationship, it helps
organization for realizing maximum benefit from the investment in equipment, personnel,
business process (Babenko and et.al., 2019). Examples of MIS are as Eagle Eye solution uses
this tool for supporting the processes and its operations, also used for moving and managing the
data & information of organisation. This is also providing the data that is driven for making right
decision at right time.
There are five types of MIS such as human resources, sales/marketing, finance/accounting,
manufacturing/production and particular industry. This is used to store organisation information
in order to record data about employee’s data, invoices and projects. The main objectives of the
system is to provide all the information about the planning, initiating, controlling and organizing
the operations.

From the above picture it has been identifies that MIS played important role in
organization by storing, collecting the data for function of management that related to people,
software, data and hardware.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
It is designed for managing complex and large databases of the support content, also
comprised in software application and guidelines for procedures and managing knowledge(Liu
and et.al., 2017). Example of KSM are related LMS(learning management system), research
and insight libraries, enterprise wide KSM, online communities forum etc.
It is also support mining repositories, locating and retrieving knowledge by enhancing
knowledge of management system. The main purpose MIS is to letting users for sharing and
creating information by large and shared hypertext. Key features of the system are for delivering
the best practice across the organisation and team that grow faster, it is also promoted innovation
with the process of improvement that reducing the loss of knowledge.
TASK:3
Meaning of Globalisation
Globalisation defines as growing interdependence of world's culture, population and
economies on the basis of export and import of goods and services for adopting new
technologies, sharing information and create strong flow of investment (Varajão, 2017). For
example, Tesco’s experience is very fruitful because of globalisation at the early stage of
organisation there were only few stores in UK but now it has world’s best retail market in all
over the world by expansion of products and services. It is also providing at the various online
application such as amazon, flipkart etc.
In which there are many countries make the partnership for facilitating movement across
all the countries in the world. There are wide range of advancement provided by globalisation
that be complex as well as politically. This term is also used for the increasing international
market for services and goods, means of transportation, competition, financial system,
technologies, corporations and industries. Apart from all that things it is helps to rise the mobility
of principal amount that help to faster the propagation of the innovation in the technologies by
increasing the uniformity and interdependency of the national market. The globalized economy
is beneficial for those countries which are specialized in particular services and products that can

help to gain competitive advantages. It is generally meaning that they can produce efficiently
with using the least resources. There is very positive relation between IT and globalization in
terms of spreading information, communication and economic potential.
Effects of IT on globalisation and how it is influenced
Information technology helped for overcoming the major hurdles that are faced by the
globalisation and also the international trade like as, transportation cost, trade barrier and also
delay in exchanging information (Flew, 2018). For example, Hyperlink Infosystem introduced it
business in UK by providing various web and mobile development services. Now it expands the
business in many countries such as UAE, USA, INDIA and FRANCE.
Use of computerized system- The biggest impact on IT that has made tremendous work
in increasing the ability of the business to develop the use of computer system for tracking and
recording the financial transaction of the organization. The other capabilities of this system are
increased a function of the work with improving a capacity of improving accuracy. By this the
processing also tend to faster as compared to the traditional way of doing the calculation. It
enhances the external reporting of the company. Further, it is influenced globalization in a
positivity and increase the productivity of business while exporting or importing the goods and
services.
Advancement in technology- In globalization technological advancement in IT helps to
reduce the cost while company exporting across the nation by facilitating global sourcing of
inputs and other raw material. IT also allows countries by gaining more knowledge about the
foreign market, it increases the international competition that includes all the result that rise in
emerging market. Improved in technology also enhance the internet system by providing rapid
growth in the globalization. It is also increasing the job opportunities across world.
Increase economic growth- Globalization boost the economies by making it more
efficient by increasing global trade that lead to increase the competition that helps to spread
wealth. This also enhance the financial system of UK by generating high level of growth
Increased global expansion- IT lead to increase in global expansion in many ways such
as there are various services providers are provided its services across the world. For example,
Amazon build its business online and sell its product or services all over the world. There are
various applications of amazon like, prime, alexa, luna, silk web, IMBb TV etc. Headquarter of
Amazon is in Washington, and expand the services globally and get the highest production per

year. It has operated individual sites so that customer can by their products online anytime or
anywhere.
It is influenced by damaging the environment in terms of IT increases the business and
has also increases the transportation of good and services that may expose the green gas that
caused affect the environment. It is also disturbed the foreign ecosystem by increase in
deforestation by logging.
TASK:4
Digital infrastructure-
It refers to digital technologies which are provided all the foundation for supporting
urban management, it is usually represents the physical services that are required to operate the
technologies in such a way of digital communication, data storage and computing (Advantages of
internet backbone, 2020). There is various example of digital infrastructure such as
broadband, internet backbone, digital communication suites and mobile telecom. In case of urban
areas new technologies are used to increase the efficiency of the infrastructure network. This
operation is used to manage the services by engaging with clients in order to optimize the
necessary structure that can be support solutions of digital business and its outcomes. The
development of digital infrastructure is focus on the cultural, social infrastructure for developing
places foe which people are work or visit and wants to live at that place. In next few decades
these networks are enables to derive the economic productivity and growth. In this work cables
and data centres such as hardware and software despite the knowledge of intensive work. It is
important for daily operation whether it is at home, office or anywhere, in tourism sector this is
also very helpful. The trend of technologies is enhancing millions to a billion by providing server
like Alibaba, Amazon and Microsoft that build and provide services for the digital infrastructure
which is known as cloud.
Example of Digital infrastructure: Internet backbone
This is a route that provide connection from principle data to local users, it performs at
very large area by interconnect all the routes (Gygli and et.al., 2019). Internet backbone is core
element for all the servers, the speed of transmit the data by facilitating to small with the high
speed of services of the internet across the world. It is the largest connection among all of them
on the Internet, it required high speed of bandwidth server and its connections. This type of

connection is primarily owned by government, commercial, military and educational entities
because it is provided consistent in ISPs (internet service providers) for maintaining all the
online information by secure manner. There are some companies that are produces different parts
of it such as AT&T, UUNET, sprint nextel corp. And GTE corporation. Link for those
companies are ranging at particular speed of connection such as, OC1, T1, OC3, T3 and OC48.
Advantages of Internet backbone Speed: It consists of providing high speed to all the servers that can deliver 110Gbps boot
speed, these routes are made by different vendors such as Huawei, Cisco, Nokia and
Extreme also use the gateway border protocol through-traffic routes.
 Bandwidth: In any organization it is need to maintain high speed data with the internet
cable, the availability of internet backbone is significantly higher. There are several
activities that are using in bandwidth business are as web conferencing, file sharing, SIP
trunking, cloud applications etc.
Disadvantages of Internet backbone
Security: It may be possibilities that are connection would be stolen by hacker by using
tapping in internet cable, because of that type of activities organisation will get low speed by
sharing the connection. It is increasing the cybercrime by attackers.
High- cost- The cost of average internet backbone is related $4.6 million; it is not
possible to own by small companies. The installation cost of it is also increasing day by day for
increasing range of it, monthly fees for service charges more when it goes to access the internet.
When organization upgrade the internet backbone because of connectivity it charges high and
also on the risk for data protections.
TASK:5
Explaining risks associated with outsourcing and critically analyse
Outsourcing refers to the practice by which company hires another party for perform a
task and handle the operations or provide services to the company (de Oliveira Jr and et.al.,
2017). Example of outsourcing are Google, WhatsApp, Skype, Opera, Basecamp, Slack etc.
Google starts as search engine but now it has turned into massive company which is offer
software and hardware services by advertising with its employees. On other hand, nearshoring
is practice for transferring the business operations to nearby countries or especially in preference

of distinctive. Far shoring is a type of outsourcing that is also known as offshoring, these are the
cost saving process. There is various risk that can be associate while outsourcing.
Lack of learning- In this process the learning is compatibly low in context to
organization, it many losses the opportunities of promoting and for the future technologies. It is
become important for the organizational learning and it needs a lot for business and personal
development of the person.
Privacy and safety concern- For any company it is necessary to maintain proper
precaution regarding and safety by avoiding the expose the data of the business.
Weak management- It is the situation where IT services not operate carefully and scores
low it may be impacted negative on the third party for outsourcing. This happens because of the
quality and cost problems regarding inadequate scale of economies.
It has been critically analysing that safety and privacy are played important role while
outsourcing because all the data related to organisation are secured under specific operation, it
helps to maintains the policies and secrets of the firm (Bayne, 2019). For example, slack is a
platform where many companies store its data of their employees even amazon done the same
for security purposes. That type information is sensitive to expose or may create heavy loss. On
the other hand, there may be possibility of hacking or stolen the data by third party organisation
while outsourcing. These activities are influenced by encryption of communication, antivirus and
software’s.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that digital infrastructure is important framework for providing
support to the urban management. This analysed that there are various techniques of
development of IT software in which report analysis two of the services such as MS office and
Moodle. Moreover, it has been identified that there is various support system that enhance the
efficiency of production in the organization. Further, summarized the meaning of globalization
and its effect on information technology. Explained the internet-backbone for example of it that
provides internet services in the organization. Lastly, associated the risk while outsourcing in the
organisation.

REFERENCES
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Advantages of internet backbone. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.techopedia.com/definition/20115/internet-backbone>.