Report on Information Systems and Big Data Analysis: IT Solutions

This report delves into the realm of Information Systems and Big Data Analysis, exploring various theories, methods, and techniques related to the design and development of IT solutions. It defines and provides examples of key systems such as DSS, ESS, TPS, MIS, and KSM, offering insights into their functionalities and applications. The report further examines the concept of globalization, its effects on IT, and the significance of digital infrastructure, providing examples, advantages, and disadvantages of each. It also addresses the risks associated with information systems outsourcing and underscores the critical role of IT infrastructure in driving digital transformation. This comprehensive analysis provides a detailed overview of the core concepts in IT and Big Data, offering valuable insights for students studying in this domain.

Information Systems
and Big Data Analysis

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1.0 Describe theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for
the IT solutions.......................................................................................................................1
2.0 Define and provide examples for each of the systems below..........................................2
3.0 What is Globalisation? what are the effects?...................................................................3
SECTION B.....................................................................................................................................4
I. Give an example of one digital infrastructure, define it, and list its advantages and
disadvantages..........................................................................................................................4
II. Give a second example of digital infrastructure, define it, and list its advantages and
disadvantages..........................................................................................................................5
I. What are the risks associated with Information Systems Outsourcing?.............................6
II. Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation?..........................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
An information system basically comprises of the formal, socio and technical organizational
system which is basically designed to store, process, distribute and collect information. In
reference to the information it is basically made up from total five components namely hardware,
people, software, database and network. The present report basically involves the techniques,
methods and theories which are related to the design and development of the IT solutions. In
addition to that, it basically involves the concept of globalisation and its effects on IT. In addition
to that, it involves the analysis about the digital infrastructure and its various disadvantages and
advantages and also the reason behind the critical nature of IT infrastructure to digital
transformation.
MAIN BODY
SECTION A
1.0 Describe theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for
the IT solutions
There are various methods, theories and techniques which has relationship with the
development and design of the IT solutions and these are generally defined into the following
way:
Moodle: It basically refers to the platform of learning with the support of online platforms which
allows the individual to create online courses, adding assignments and keeping an eye on the
student’s performance and progress. In addition to that, it also allows the individuals to establish
communication with the students and also encouraging the decision making process (Faccia and
et.al, 2019).
It is basically an open source system and is distribute in general public license. In addition to
that, it offers a platform for e-learning and also contributes towards supporting the various
educators.
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Canvas: It is basically a web-based learning system of management which is generally used by
the educators, institutions and students for the purpose to access and manage the online course
methods of learning. In addition to that Canvas also helps in establishing communication about
skill development and learning achievement. Canvas also plays a very important role in sharing
of documents among the students and the instructors. It also comprises of the information about
the courses and institutional syllabus for all the access and also includes internal communication
tools, management tools and customisable courses. Moreover, there are various features of
canvas which can be used for the purpose to create experience, accessibility, learning and unique
teaching.
2.0 Define and provide examples for each of the systems below
I. DSS (Decision Support System)
II. ESS (Executive Support System)
Ill. TPS (Transaction Processing System)
IV. MIS (Management Information System)
V. KSM (Knowledge Management System)
DSS(Decision Support System): It is basically a computerised programme which is used for
the purpose to support the business, judgements, course of actions and much more. A DSS
analysis and sifts through compiling the massive data and information which could be used for
the purpose to solve the company’s problems and carrying out the decision making process. In
addition to that it helps in cultivating the less structured and under specified problems which
upper level managers faces (Guha and Kumar, 2018). Moreover, it pay more emphasis on the
features that could help in flexible decision making and easy adaptability for the smooth
operations of the IT company.
ESS ( Executive Support System) : It is basically a software that generally allows the user to
transform the data of the company into quick, accessible and executive level reports. Fox
example, which are used by the staffing, billing and accounting departments. In reference to
executives, it helps in improving the decision making process in a very efficient and effective
manner. It is generally designed for the purpose to provide the managers with the capability to
access the internal and external information which is related to the decision making and
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responsibilities of the managers. In reference to this system, it is considered to be one of the
specialised form in relation to the decision support system.
TPS(Transaction Process System): It is basically an information processing system which is
used by the organizations for any type of transactions related to business and which also
comprises of the collection, modification, retrieval and much more related to the transaction data.
In reference to the Transaction Process System, it basically comprises of consistency, reliability
and performance and is also known as the Transaction Processing or Real Time Processing. For
example, Purchasing any type of good from the store or online which generally requires currency
exchange can be done through a process which supports the stores in exchange of money
(Soares, 2022).
MIS( Management Information System): It is basically considered to be the study of
individuals, technology, relationship and organization. In context to the MIS professionals, it
generally helps and supports the organization in realising the benefits from the personnel,
Equipments and Business Processes (Aljawarneh and Lara Torralbo, 2021). In addition to that
for the purpose to use the management information system, the main objective is to increase the
value and profits of the company or business. In addition to that, it can be also done through
offering managers with right data or information in order to make the effective decisions of the
organizations within the less span.
KSM (Knowledge Management System): It is basically a centralised repository which is used
for the purpose to share and store knowledge related to organization. In addition to that, it
basically comprises of the various dimensions, analysis, collection and general management of
all the information which is basically possessed by the organization. Moreover, it follows the
best practices in order to achieve results for the organization and using it an efficient and
effective manner. In relation to the IT company, the KMS tool is used for the purpose to ask
questions, organizing the various documents and information into an easy and understandable
format for both the internal and external customers.
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3.0 What is Globalisation? what are the effects?
The concept of Globalisation is considered as the increase in the exchange, interchange and
movement of services, capital, infrastructure, culture, goods and human resource among two or
more than two countries or nations across the Globe. The Globalisation concept has totally
changed the way the companies operate worldwide. In addition to that the major cause of sudden
rise in globalization is basically the use of information Technology that helps in providing better
connectivity among the people across the Nations.
The growth and opportunities in Information technology has basically facilitated the
globalization activities in a very considerable way. The major reason behind the increase in
globalization activities is the advancement of Technology. With the help of breakthrough in
technologies, it has resulted in offering various advantages such as improving the market size
and economies of scale. In case of technology advancements, it has lowered the communication
gaps and transportation barriers around the world and has also provided smooth communication
flow as per the needs of the individuals and the company.
With the use of information technology, it has advanced the growth of various digital tools
such as social media, internet, digital payments, mobile phone applications and websites which
helps in offering various benefits to the company to take their operations across the border. With
the use of Information technology, it has resulted in emergence of global trading systems and
global community which helps in providing opportunities to the company to take their services
and products across the globe. The information technology has leveraged the availability of
internet, communication methods, digital platforms and promotion of products which supports in
promoting the services and products of the company in the global market. Also the World Wide
Web has resulted in Lowering down the risks, barriers and challenges for doing the business and
dealings and it has also lowered down the time invested in performing things. The sellers and
buyers are now able to have interaction in a effective and easy manner due to the presence of
information related to technology and also resulted in reducing the efforts of payments and
transitions even through the international customers or the sellers and buyers. The information
technology has also offered various benefits for development activities and increasing
investments for research within different countries who has facilitated the globalization of the
company throughout the world. Also the availability of information technology has offered
different opportunities to nations in order to sustain and grow equitably in the international
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competition. Also the information technology has provided growth chances and developed
opportunities for the society, business and people.
SECTION B
I. Give an example of one digital infrastructure, define it, and list its advantages and
disadvantages.
Digital Infrastructure is basically defined as the digital technologies which helps in offering
the foundation for information technology and operations of the company. There are various
examples when it comes to digital infrastructure and which generally involves Broadband. It is
the transmission of wide bandwidth data over a high speed internet connection. In reference to
digital infrastructure, it is considered to very important as it helps in driving aspects of smart
cities and to become smarter (Niu and et.al, 2021).
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Infrastructure:
Advantages :
 Brings all kind of information
 Easy Accessibility of Data
 Better Communication of ideas
 Opened up new world of opportunities
Disadvantage:
 It is highly complex and is very manipulative way.
 Communication ease creates a negative impact
 Easy of information increases the chance of its misuse
 Involves high chances of human error
II. Give a second example of digital infrastructure, define it, and list its advantages and
disadvantages.
Another example of digital infrastructure is Mobile Telecom. It is the provision of telephone
services to phones which may move around freely rather than staying fixed in one location. The
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digital infrastructure helps in offering enhancement of sustainability and improved
communication process in the organization.
Advantages
 Promoting of Business and use of social media
 Easy and effective communication
 Can be used to acquire knowledge
 Good safety option for individuals
Disadvantages
 Health Problems
 Cyber Bullying
 Addiction
 Wastage of Time
I. What are the risks associated with Information Systems Outsourcing?
In context to information system outsourcing, there are various kind of risks associated
with the system of information which can be described as follows:
The main risk involved is the recruitment of the employees who inefficient for the purpose to
manage the process and also it has been observed that when a organization transfers the
responsibility of development to other company it might loose the functions of the information
system. There are various reasons why the IT infrastructure is considered to be very important.
9 Major Risks associated with Information Systems Outsourcing (Kunanets, Vasiuta and Boiko,
2019).
 Loss of Innovative Capacity
 Hidden Costs
 Lack of Organizational Learning
 Endemic Uncertainty
 Possibility of weak management
 Outdated Technology Skills
 Inexperienced staff and employees
 Uncertainty of Business
 Non economical and Lengthy Process
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II. Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation?
Digital Transformation is basically the process of using digital technologies in order to
modify or create the culture or process of business for the purpose to meet the market
requirements and changing needs. In reference to example, it basically involves customer centric
digital tools such as websites or mobile applications for the purpose to improve the journey of
customers (Grant, 2021).
In context to digital barriers, these are defined as the hurdles or problems which comes in digital
transformation process. When it comes to digital transformation, it is considered to be one of the
biggest barriers to digital transformation which is basically lack of quality information. In
reference to digital communication, it basically involves various barriers such as attention
barriers, semantic barriers, physical barriers, emotional barriers and much more (Ionescu, 2019).
Information Technology is basically defined as the set of information technology components. In
reference to IT infrastructure, it can be deployed within the company’s own facilities and within
a cloud computing system (Wang and Wang, 2020). In reference to IT infrastructure, it basically
comprises of certain fixed codes and patterns due to which it results in creating hindrance in
digital transformation. In context to IT infrastructure, there are various examples mentioned
below:
 Software
 Hardware
 Networking
 Security
 Firewalls
 Internet Connectivity
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that technology and information system plays a
very important role and there are various theories and techniques which helps in further
development and growth. In reference to companies, the digital infrastructure is considered to be
very important and also the concept of globalisation has a great impact on the environment.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aljawarneh, S. and Lara Torralbo, J.A., 2021, April. Meteorological forecasting based on big
data analysis. In International Conference on Data Science, E-learning and Information
Systems 2021 (pp. 9-11).
Faccia and et.al, 2019.August. Accounting information systems and ERP in the UAE: an
assessment of the current and future challenges to handle big data. In Proceedings of the
2019 3rd International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing (pp. 90-94).
Grant, E., 2021. Big Data-driven Innovation, Deep Learning-assisted Smart Process Planning,
and Product Decision-Making Information Systems in Sustainable Industry
4.0. Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 16(1), pp.9-20.
Ionescu, L., 2019. Big data, blockchain, and artificial intelligence in cloud-based accounting
information systems. Analysis and Metaphysics, 18, pp.44-49.
Kunanets, N., Vasiuta, O. and Boiko, N., 2019, September. Advanced technologies of big data
research in distributed information systems. In 2019 IEEE 14th International Conference
on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT) (Vol. 3, pp. 71-76). IEEE.
Niu, Y., Ying, L., Yang, J., Bao, M. and Sivaparthipan, C.B., 2021. Organizational business
intelligence and decision making using big data analytics. Information Processing &
Management, 58(6), p.102725.
pp.188-194.
Soares, R.R., 2022. The evolving field of Big Data: understanding geographic information
systems analysis and its transformative potential in ophthalmic research. Current Opinion
in Ophthalmology, 33(3),
Wang, S. and Wang, H., 2020. Big data for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME): A
knowledge management model. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(4), pp.881-897.
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