Information Systems and IT Solution

This article discusses the theories, methods, and techniques related to the design and development of Moodle, MS Office, DSS, ESS, TPS, MIS, and KSM. It also explores the effects of IT on globalization and digital infrastructure like broadband and cloud computing. The article provides definitions, examples, advantages, and disadvantages of each system and infrastructure.

TITLE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

MAIN BODY
SECTION A
1 Theories, methods and techniques related to design and development of following:
Moodle: Moodle is an open source learning platform, it is written in PHP and distributed under
GNU (general public license). It is normally use for the blended learning and flipped classrooms.
Its installation consists of the moodle code that is implement in a PHP web server and MySQL
database, oracle, SQL Server. Its development begins with analysing the requirements of the
stakeholders then it is arranged according to the priority (Shalatska, Zotova-Sadylo and Muzyka,
2020). Theory behind the development of comprehensive functionality of Moodle is Social
constructivism theory as its design. Where the basic idea for the programming is the social
constructivism education. methods for its development involves the factors that are setting up the
development environment, Editing code, debugging, work with moodle site, work on native
functionality. Thus in creating the environment it is required to run the app like NodeJS and
npm, so it will create the environment for the project. After that run the application with the
commands like npm install and npm start. Next stage is to select the suitable editor code, for that
VSCODE can be effective as it allows for linking the files by using ESLint extension. Next
procedure is to debug the code so that it will be helpful to avoid any kind of error. QA testing is
also being done in which complete review of functionality of the moodle is been tested in order
to determine the possible regression. Once the QA testing phase is done, next stage is release
phase that contains complete roll out of the new version of the app in google play and other
Apple app store.
MS office: An simple client software or server software where services are being provided by
the Microsoft. Microsoft office is set of applications that is developed to assist with the
productivity and completing the task on computer system. Its designing involves the certain
principles which are design explicitly for office, its functionality and add in feature is
complementing the office experience. Add-ins are native and they are inserted seamlessly in a
word on web (Yunus and et.al 2022). For its installation it is required to have licence for MS
office where further procedures are to visit the setup.Office.com and sign in Microsoft account,

then enter into the product key which lets the Microsoft to know that particular software is
legally purchased. Further step is to selects the install office, when installation is done than
dialogue window asks for whether to run the file or save it or cancel it. selects the run and work
through install process. Once the file is being downloaded then installation process begins
automatically. This software is programmed in C++ programming language, it involves the full
office desktop, like power point, excel along with 1TB of additional OneDrive cloud storage in
order to save the documents that can be easily accessed from anywhere.
2. Define and provide examples for each of the systems below (definition and giving 2
examples of each system)
DSS (Decision Support System): It is a computer program application that is used by
companies in order to enhance the potential of an organization with respect to its decision
making (Teniwut, and Hasyim, 2020). This software makes use of data in a large number and
uses the same for providing the company with best solutions. Example of DSS includes
communication driven DSS and document driven DSS.
ESS (Executive Support System): The ESS can be defined as computer based system that
offers the managers of an organization with the required authority to easily gather information
from within the company and source the same from outside the company that is related to the
strategic decision making process of the company (Sinha, and et.al 2021). This software is used
by the organizations for several reasons such as applying for reimbursement or updating the
personal information of the employees. The examples of ESS includes external databases, market
reports, financial reports and many more.
TPS (Transaction Processing System): A transaction processing system is a software used by
the enterprises in order to identify whether a transaction has been completed or not. This system
ensures the completion of a transaction and also keeps an eye on all the transactions that have
been taking place (Little, and Shrivastava, 2022). This system gathers the data relevant to each
and every transaction and introduces processing for the purpose of transforming the stored data.
Examples of TPS are employee records, and order processing.
MIS (Management Information System): A system that is utilised by an enterprise for the
purpose of making important decisions, developing coordination among the workforce, analysing
their performance, and visualizing the information in context of a company can be described as
the Management Information System (Kieser, and Kubicek, 2018). The Management

Information System involves the use of technology, people and the procedures in an enterprise.
The two examples of the MIS are Bank information system, Educational information system, etc.
V KSM (Knowledge management system)
Knowledge management system can be understood as any type of IT system which keeps
and retrieves the knowledge for enhancing understanding and process alignment. It exists within
the organisation that can be efficiently utilised for carrying out the business process efficiently.
Its main purpose is to enable the staff and consumers to develop and share the relevant
information quickly to lay out the better outcomes (Al-Emran, Mezhuyev and Kamaludin,
2020). Its main elements are people, process, IT and appropriate strategy and workplace culture.
Thus it improvises the organisational agility and promotes the better carry out of decision and
also enhances the innovation rate. Its examples are community forums, self-service platform and
knowledge bases.
3. Globalisation and effects of IT on globalisation
Term globalisation refers to discussing the economic, cultural and social and other certain
specific changes which shapes the global world. It is the efficient process for integrating and
interaction among different people, organisations and politicians worldwide. Globalisation
process is being accelerated in 18th centre because of certain level of advancement in
transportation and other communication technology (Triandafyllidou, 2018). Technical
equipment like phone, internes have major role in globalisation by converting ideas and to make
the processes more convenient to move it from one place to other within a short duration.
Technologies has enables the enterprises to become an global by enhancing the economies for
scale.
Exchange of information across borders: Earlier before only government of the countries can
meet with each other to discuss on several topics. But the use of technologies this distance is
reduced where people can easily connect with people living in other nation, it helps in
understanding their culture, languages and other values. It has also reduced the cost for
communication as by using technological platform one can easily connect with others
irrespective of their physical location.

Rapid trade and transportation: By the increment of communication, transportation and
technology are emerging immensely. For an example mail system generally takes weeks for
delivering the information. Due to globalisation business are getting new opportunities to drive
better revenues for the business, and with the use of technologies this process is now very
simple, with the single use of technologies businesses can easily share their business information
and to connect with the raw suppliers for their products and services. Thus technologies have
made it easier for trade and other transportations of commodities, where technologies also made
it easier for the export and import of goods and services.
Boost innovation and productivity: Overall technologies has boosted the economy, where it
created the opportunities for the business to expand their business so that particular countries can
increase cash inflow for the smooth run of their business. As due to rapid globalisation audience
in different market look for the product which consists of all useful and tech savvy features, thus
it can be done by the use of technologies, therefore it has listed the several benefits for the
business to use it and analyse the information for designing and development of the product to
meet the requirement of audience.
SECTION-B
Optional question -1
I) Give an example of one digital infrastructure, define it, list advantages and
disadvantages. (definition, 4 advantages, 4 disadvantages)
Broadband is an example of a digital infrastructure as it provides an organization with a basis for
their information technology and services. The broadband basically means to ability to transfer
the data at a high speed. It provides the organizations with amazing internet connectivity so that
the relevant informations and the important data can be transferred within the company easily.
Also, it provides the company with an ability to download the data in large amounts easily. The
advantages of using a broadband are as follows:
High speed: One of the leading advantages of using the broadband is that it allows the users to
send, transfer, receive and download the important informations and files very easily because of

its high speed. The users can easily conduct any activity related to internet within a short span of
time.
Internet connectivity : The users of a broadband can be connected in both the ways, i.e., using a
phone line or by using the internet.
Cost effective : It has been noticed that using the broadband by an individual helps them in
saving their cost (Yu, and et.al 2019). This is sop because, the broadband companies charges
the money on the basis of the internet used by them instead of the time they spent in surfing or
over the internet.
Enables more than one user for using internet: It has been observed that the internet
connection which makes use of old technology reduces their bandwidth if more users try to use
the connection. However, this is not the case with the Broadband.
Disadvantages
Weak signal strength: It has been observed the signal strength of the broadband in the rural
areas is quiet weak and therefore, the users from these regions have to face challenges.
Speed: Even though the speed of the broadband remains effective most of the times but it cannot
be guaranteed for each and every time.
Security: There are high risks of cyber security attached with the use of wireless broadband
connections. Therefore, there is a need to work on its security.
Accessibility: It has been noticed that several users find it difficult to access the broadband
connections especially the ADSL and Fibre connections.
ii) Give a second example of digital infrastructure, define it, list advantages and
disadvantages. (definition, 4 advantages, 4 disadvantages)
Another example of digital infrastructure is the cloud computing. The cloud computing can be
described as providing an individual with computer related services over the internet in order to
offer quick innovations.
Advantages
Cost reduction : The use of cloud computing is very cost effective for a company or an
individual to use. This is because, the cloud computing solves a number of problems for their
clients in a limited amount of money.

Security: The cloud computing helps the companies in securing their important data from other
management systems. The use of this tool can help the company in securing essential details
from the workforce of the company.
Reliability : In cloud computing, the data is not stored only on a single sever but on multiple
servers. Therefore, it can survive on redundancy.
Unlimited storage capacity: While making use of cloud computing, there is no need to worry
about the storage as one can pay more in order to get more storage.
Disadvantages
Limited control: It is known that the data on the cloud is managed by the service provider only.
Therefore, the users have limited control over functioning and use of the information.
Security: Even though the cloud technology makes use of best technology to secure the
information from the hackers. However, one must think upon the fact that in order to make use
of cloud services, one needs to reveal the important information with a third party (Abdalla, . and
Varol, 2019).
Vendor lock in: Companies face difficulties in transferring their information as different
organizations opts for different vendors.
Internet connectivity: One must require internet connectivity in order to access the information
and data that has been stored on the cloud. Without having a good internet connectivity, an
individual cannot access the information.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Abdalla, P.A. and Varol, A., 2019, June. Advantages to disadvantages of cloud computing for
small-sized business. In 2019 7th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and
Security (ISDFS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Al-Emran, M., Mezhuyev, V. and Kamaludin, A., 2020. Towards a conceptual model for
examining the impact of knowledge management factors on mobile learning
acceptance. Technology in Society, 61, p.101247.
Kieser, A. and Kubicek, H., 2018. An organizational concept for the design of Management
Information Systems. In Information Systems and Organizational Structure (pp. 163-
185). De Gruyter.
Little, M.C. and Shrivastava, S.K., 2022. The evolution of the Arjuna transaction processing
system. Software: Practice and Experience, 52(4), pp.1035-1064.
Shalatska, H., Zotova-Sadylo, O. and Muzyka, I., 2020. Moodle course in teaching English
language for specific purposes for masters in mechanical engineering.
Sinha, S., and et.al 2021. Evolution of Business Intelligence System: From Ad-Hoc Report to
Decision Support System to Data Lake Based BI 3.0. In Healthcare and Knowledge
Management for Society 5.0 (pp. 255-269). CRC Press.
Teniwut, W. and Hasyim, C., 2020. Decision support system in supply chain: A systematic
literature review. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8(1), pp.131-148.
Triandafyllidou, A., 2018. Globalisation and migration: An introduction. In Handbook of
migration and globalisation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Yu, P., and et.al 2019. Broadband metamaterial absorbers. Advanced Optical Materials, 7(3),
p.1800995.
Yunus, Y. and et.al 2022. Pelatihan Pembuatan Design Presentasi yang Menarik Menggunakan
Microsoft Office Power Point. Jurnal Pengabdian Ilmu Komputer, 1(1), pp.15-19.
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