Information Systems and IT Solution: The Importance of IT Infrastructure in Digital Transformation

This report discusses the importance of IT infrastructure in digital transformation and the risks associated with information systems outsourcing. It also explores the theories, methods, and techniques related to McAfee and MS Office. Additionally, it covers various management information systems and the effects of IT on globalization.

Information Systems
and Big Data Analysis

INTRODUCTION
Information system is an integrated set of components, which helps in collecting,storing
and processing data for providing information to the business. Many business firms and
organizations are depended on information system for effective and efficient functioning of their
operations. For instance corporates use information system for running their finance ,to manage
their human resources and to reach their potential customers by online promotions. Big data
refers to the large volume or more complex data sets which is difficult to manage, it can be
structured as well as unstructured. These data are so big in volume that normal data processing
software cannot process them. Big data analytics is the complex process of advance analytics
method for processing very large and diverse data set which includes structured , semi-structured
and unstructured data which are in different in nature (Tausch, and Heshmati,, 2018). This report
aims to put light on the various information systems employed by businesses, their varied use,
risks associated and their overall effectiveness in modern day business. Globalization and it's
effects on IT ,information technology infrastructure.
TASK
Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for TWO of
the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
McAfee is an American global compute security software company ,founded in the year
1987 by John McAfee ,the headquarters of this brand is situated in San Jose,California,United
States .The company is provider of online security protection software ,it is one of the best
antivirus tool which has amazing malware detection rate,and features like password, virtual
private network and customer support to help it's customers (Santos and et.al., 2019). It provides
various services like web filtering,antispam,network access and advance instruction prevention
security to its customers and organizations. The following are some advantages of using this
software:
 Complete data protection: McAfee total data protection helps the user in protecting their
data and ensure that it create effective data security policy.

 Virus Scan: the company virus scan enterprise keeps viruses and other malware away
from the system and easy to manage.
 Web Protection: it is a web security system that was developed by the company for on
premiss secure gate away and web security delivered from cloud.
 Web gateway :the brand also provide high performance secure gateway which is best in
it's class for secure and safe online payments,
Ms Office: It is also known as office and it is a software developed by Microsoft ,it was first
introduced by Bill Gates on August 1,1988 in COMDEX in Las Vegas. It was design to facilitate
common tasks on computer like creating and editing documents, containing texts and images , it
also helpful in organizing data in spreadsheet and in creating presentation or posters
(Ramazanova, 2020). The benefits of using Microsoft office is it universal accepted and is easy
to use , it consist of following features:
 World:it is text processing application,which allow it's users to build characteristics
of documents, like layout and the style of contents .The user can present their documents in
various was and formats.
 Power point: is a application generally used to create presentations using slides shows ,
it allow its users to insert range of media in presentation .It is also a great tool for
creating posters as the size of the slide can be changed to suit poster size .
 Microsoft excel: it is a spread sheet made up of rows and columns which is used for
storing and analysing data which helps in time management and financial analysis.
Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
Decision support system (DSS):Is a information system that helps the business or organization
in decision making by determinations,judgements and courage of action. A DSS analyse huge
amount of data ,compiling broad information that can be used for providing solution of the
problem and facilitate decision making (Petrov and et.al.,2019). It is used by the management at
all the level from top to bottom. After identifying the problem all the possible solutions is
evaluated, and the best possible course of action is implemented by the management to over
come the issue.
 Executive support system(ESS) :It is also known as Executive information system is a
management support system that facilitate decision making of executive level of
managers, so that they can monitor performance and identify problems. The decision

made by the executive level of mangers are extremely important and complex,it affects
the overall functioning of the organization. So attention to the details is required and
information provided by this system is erect and properly organized.
 Transaction processing system (TPS) : Is a advance software system which is used in
breaking down the business transaction in simple and uniformed method ,it is a software
that keeps track of transition by processing the data in a online system. It helps the
management in keeping tacks of all the transaction without any delay in time ,the result
of each and every transaction are immediately available.
 Management information system (MIS): Is the use of technology ,people and business
process to record ,store and process data to produce information,which is used by the
management in decision making process (Kumar, Mookerjee and Shubham, 2018). The
aim of the system is to extract data from different source and use it f Big data or the
growth of the business. The main purpose of MIS is to give feedback of every employee
to the top level of managers.
 Knowledge management system(KMS): Is the tool used by the companies for collecting,
organising ,analysing ,documentation, frequently asked questions and other informations
into easily understandable formates for stake holders of company. KMS is a valuable
tools for any business functioning in data driven or digital world ,those who are selling
products and services online.
What is Globalization ?What are the effects of IT on globalization.
Globalisation is the process of integrating economy of one country with the rest of the world, by
tearing world as a global village. The geographical distance is no more a barrier. It has
accelerated in 18th century due to the advancement of transportation and communication
technology. In other words globalisation refers to growing independence of the world's
economy ,by cross border trade of goods , services ,flow of technology ,investment and people
which enables the growth of economy of participating county and change in the policies at
national and international level that facilitate or promote such flow (Kiser, E. and Laing, A.M.,
2018). Globalisation has benefited various areas ,it has developed the economic all over the
world and increase cultural exchange, many people are now day citizen of the world.
Development in the information technology has enable in speeding up the process of
globalisation,it can be said globalisation and development of IT goes hand in hand ,because of

the popularity of the internet and digitalization the world is connected like a big hub. The
information technology has become a big part of the human in no time in 20th century ,it start
taking the world market because of the concept of personal computer and world wide web start
gaining popularity with the time (Guerriero and et.al., 2019. IT has boom the process of
exchange of goods ,services ,human resources and capital across the international geographical
boundaries. Improvement in the transportation and communication sectors has help in increasing
the import and export of goods and services which increases the trade relationships between
the countries,since the technology has improved the movements of goods has become faster and
cheaper. Transfer of information was never this fast before. Development of IT also leads to
development of production of service like call centre and online teaching which can be
outsource. Telecommunication improvement make it possible to contact with the people all
over the globe ,they can easily be in touch with minimum cost.
Give an example of one digital infrastructure; define it, list
advantages and disadvantages of it.
Digital infrastructure is a branch of engineering knowledge and practice that associated with use
of data or computerised devices ,it compromises of physical resources that are needed for using
data ,computer device ,system and process ,it has become essential part of human society and
their quality of life. Digital infrastructure known as framework infrastructure is the digital
technology that provides the base for an organisation's information technology and
operations,some example of digital infrastructure is internet,broadband,mobile telecom, clouds
and data centres. Mobile telecom and digital communication suits, including apps is one of the
best example of digital infrastructure because mobile has bring a new revolution in information
technology by bringing machine to machine communication, networking and after the
introduction of smartphones ,android and IOS software the world has change. Now the company
s can promotes there products and services on phone using social media and google ads (El-
Ebiary,Najam,and Abu-Ulbeh, W., 2018). The concept of mobile marketing is on boom and the
demand of the digital marketing professional have increased .company's are creating there
own applications and websites in mobile friendly user interface to gain more business in the
market .

Advantages Digital infrastructure helps in improving connectivity of people and place. It also
improves productivity of the business by solving complex problems of the organization all
around the globe ,it increase the economical growth and stability of countries by creating job
opportunity , new business's.
Disadvantages: everything in this world have its pros and cons, like wise digital infrastructure
also have some disadvantage like,data security the huge amount of data can be stored and
collected .This can be private information of an individual or organization. It can be very
difficult to keep this information safe on the web. A single negligence can results in going into
wrong hands of criminals , terrorists ,business rivals and other malign entities. Due to the
increase in the use of social media ,people have almost forget the real life connect which results
in disconnect and isolation. Many research and studies have suggested the lack of personal
interaction is causing depression and other mental disorders. Social media, computer
game ,messaging and dating sites can be addiction these websites want it's user to spend more
time on them so that they can earn more advertisement money.
What are the risks associated with information systems outsourcing?
Outsourcing is the process in which business give it's less important work to the third party or
someone out side the business ,which helps that management in saving time ,resource and
enables them to focus on more productive activity (Balyer,and Öz, Ö., 2018). For outsourcing
the work business look for the party who is expert and specialised in the part of the work
they want to outscore. Information
technology outsourcing means outsourcing technology services, including programming and
application development as well as technical support. Following are the risk associated with
information system outsourcing:
 Inexperienced staff or Unskilled personnel : One of the major risk assorted with
outsourcing Information system is the fear of hiring inexperienced employees to manage
the process involved. It is important to check the knowledge and experience level of the
employee before taking any further decision.
 Dilution of control: When the company decides to outsource its information system ,the
vendor who is accepting the process gets the access of very important data of the firm,
which empower the vendor very much and if the dependency of the business on vendor

increase it will increase in negotiation power of the vendor by which they can demand
more money and have more control over direction of technology.
 Threat of leak of company's sensitive information: The trade secret and confidential
information may be leaked to the competitors in the process of outsourcing information
technology .So the business must ensure that the vendor is trust worthy and secure
before handling their information system.
 Dependency On the third party: when a business outsource it's information system, it
becomes dependent on the vendor for availability of its own information. A vendor with
financial problem can create several problem to it's Clint business. It is very important
for a business to communicate wall with the vendor about the security ,transaction and
functions before outsourcing.
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation?
In the era of digitalization where every business what to go online, information technology
infrastructure plays an important role because without a proper infrastructure it is not possible
for the business to have their online presence. IT infrastructure is directly influencing the growth
and development of any business,especially after this pandemic it is very important for the
businesses to have there presence online in this competitive business environment ,even for the
existence businesses needs to go online. IT infrastructure is therefore the backbone of digital
transformation of the worlds economy. Businesses are now using digital modes for their
marketing needs and upscaling their trade. Processing the data on real time basis is the ultimate
aim of information technology. Individuals and business firms are to much depended on
information technology for information (Almeida and Chase-Dunn, C., 2018)
Communication, content creation , storage of data , analysing data ,and automation of theirs
business. Digital transformation helps the business to have batter engagement, facilitate in
running business course of action more effectively ,enter into the new market and leveraging
data and scale their business .

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been can concluded that information technology plays a vital role
in the digitalization of the businesses ,without a proper IT infrastructure it is not possible to
scale any business in present scenario and management information system improves the
functioning of the business by providing proper feedback report of the human resource of the
organization and keeping track on the resources of the firms which helps the business in making
effective and efficient decision ,details regarding the information technology ,its importance and
it's impacts on the business. McAfee is a antivirus that is best in its kind for securing data on an
organisation and protecting it from virus and ms office theory method and technique , Also
going to discuss abut various management information system .Globalization and its effects on
the IT ,further more this report is also going to put some light on the importance and emergence
of digital IT infrastructure with an example and its advantage and dis advantages. Then in this
file a detailed dissection has made on various risk associated with information system
outsourcing and in the end of this report a brief dissection on the effects information technology
infrastructure on digital transformation has made.

REFERENCES
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