Information Systems & IT Solution

This report provides insight into various types of information systems named as the knowledge management system and management information system along with the transaction processing system and executive support system and also the decision support system. It also discusses the concept of globalization and effect of advanced technology on globalization. The report also views the different concepts and examples of digital infrastructure along with its advantages and disadvantages. Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why information Technology infrastructure is so critical to digital transformation are also covered in the following report.

Information Systems &
IT Solution

Table of Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
McAfee...................................................................................................................................1
MS Office...............................................................................................................................2
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................2
DSS (Decision Support System)............................................................................................2
ESS (Executive Support System)...........................................................................................3
TPS (Transaction Processing System)....................................................................................3
MIS (Management Information System)................................................................................4
KMS (Knowledge Management System)...............................................................................4
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................5
Globalisation...........................................................................................................................5
The effects of IT on globalisation..........................................................................................5
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................5
Definition of digital infrastructure..........................................................................................5
Example of digital infrastructure............................................................................................6
Advantages.............................................................................................................................6
Disadvantages.........................................................................................................................6
Task 5...............................................................................................................................................7
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing........................................................7
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation.................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................9

Introduction
Information system is defined as the software or a program installed in the computer and is
designed to collect and transform the data into information for better storage and distribution of
the information. It comprises mainly four components named as the task and the structure along
with the technology and people. Information systems are the software which is used to store the
data and process the computer databases in order to gain the relevant information according to
the needs of the business. They are basically responsible for the data analysis either externally or
internally in the context of the business environment (Rainer and Prince, 2021). The following
discussion is based on the different information Technology solutions and types of information
systems. The current report provides insight into various types of information systems named as
the knowledge management system and management information system along with the
transaction processing system and executive support system and also the decision support
system. Moon over the below information also discusses the concept of globalization and effect
of advanced technology on globalization. The report also views the different concepts and
examples of digital infrastructure along with its advantages and disadvantages. risks associated
with information systems and why information Technology infrastructure is so critical to digital
transformation are also covered in the following report.
Task 1
McAfee
It is a type of software which supports the organization and the computer with the proper safety
and security. It is an American global computer company which was established in 1987 and
headquartered in the United States. This company provides the security software with different
types of products for example total protection and identity protection service along with the web
advisor and gamer security which is also followed by the virus removal service and tech master.
It has several features which safeguards the computers program for example it consists of the
antivirus scanner which detects the malware on a real time basis. It also contains the virtual
private network and firewall for tight security of simple as well as the complicated networks.
Moreover it also contains the feature of password management which supports parental control
for different types of operating systems such as Windows and IOS along with the Android and
many more. It also has a characteristic of anti-spam which assists the user to get protection from
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any harmful components. Home network analyser services are also provided by the software
along with the secure file shredder and are efficient as well. Moreover anti-exploit browser
extensions and identity theft protection for several types of consumers are also featured in the
software (Ransome and Misra, 2019).
MS Office
It is a type of software which is considered as the family of client software which provides
different services developed by Microsoft. It was established in Las Vegas in 1988. It consists of
several types of other programs with performance assorted forms of functions and operations for
an individual or within an organization. One of the most used programs in Microsoft office is the
Microsoft word which is well known for the text editing along with the effect of formatting for
making business letters and other types of notes. Another program is the Microsoft PowerPoint
which supports the organizations to formulate the slide and develop presentations for the
business. Microsoft Excel is also the program which consists of presentation of data in a tabular
form or in the spreadsheets to perform different data functioning and calculations. Microsoft
Access is the database management program for storing and processing the data according to the
needs and requirements of an individual or the organization. Moreover the integrated and
collaborative programs of the Microsoft office have the common features which provides the
simple and easy sharing of the information in a simultaneous manner. It is helpful in performing
the smart lookup functions and generating the new charts with the help of one click forecasting
and Versioning. Cross device compatibility and Skype integration features are effective and
efficient in Microsoft office (Venter and Swart, 2018).
Task 2
DSS (Decision Support System)
It is one type of software which helps the organizations in performing different activities of
sequencing and systematic decision making. It supports the management of middle level and
high level administration in order to manage the large amount of unstructured data. Moreover it
further supports in collecting the data and then converting it to the effective information. This
helps to solve the problems in the organization and ultimately aids in the process of decision
making. It is the information system which is the combination of human power and automation.
There are different elements of decision support systems for example the user interface and
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knowledge base along with the model management system. It also consists of different types for
example it is data driven and document driven along with the knowledge driven and model
driven and also the communication driven (Sugiyarti, Jasmi, Basiron and Maseleno, 2018).
ESS (Executive Support System)
It is a type of information system which helps the user to transform the data of the organization
into the information which is easily accessible and executable level in the form of systematic and
strategic reports. Staffing departments and billing domains along with the accounting areas use
the executive support system for making the strategic decisions which is more effective and
efficient for the leaders and executives in the organization. Executive information system has
several merits, for example it has the capabilities to examine and determine the current trends
which provides the elements and strategies for change management. It facilitates strategic control
flexibility which enhances the office automation by saving the time in finding the information. It
has the ability for quick identification of the company performance for future considerations.
Talking about some of the demerits are such that it has some of the features which are limited in
nature and are considered difficult to quantify. executives who use the executive support system
face a problem of overloading of the information which leads to the slow speed of the system
(Heathfield, 2019).
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
It is a type of software which facilitates the processing and capturing of the single and multiple
transactions which occur in the organization. It contributes in forming of the activities for
example retrieving off the transaction and collecting it with the modifications for better
management of the real-time transactions. It is considered as efficient working and highly
consistent in nature because it renders the real time processing systems. this feature of
transaction processing systems organization and handle the complex operations which ultimately
provides to tap the markets. It has various features for example it has the feature of fast response
and integrity also with the author control and user friendliness functions. It has some elements
which are composed that are the input and output along with storage and processing units
(Mahato and Singh, 2018).
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MIS (Management Information System)
It is a type of information system which is a set of different other information systems and
procedures. It basically supports collecting the data from different ranges of sources. It helps in
compiling the different types of information and helps in presenting it in a readable format.
There are various organizations whose managers use the management information system to
represent and formulate the reports. This is because the management information system
provides a comprehensive view of all the data and information which is required for making
strategic decisions at all the levels of the administration. This is the software which provides
functions that help in making the business decisions by collecting the raw data and transforming
it into the relevant information by facilitating the collaboration and communicating the floor in
the company. It integrates the different types of business reports and also formulates the
government reports which ultimately helps in the Frontline benefits and training to the
Employees for better use of the management information system (Tummers, Kassahun and
Tekinerdogan, 2019).
KMS (Knowledge Management System)
It is a type of software which is used by an individual and also by the organizations in order to
organize the complicated and large volumes of information and documentation. The reason being
is that it is easily accessible and has simple commands for both the external as well as the
internal users. This is a software which helps in processing the data and identification of the
information so that the information gathered can easily be stored and evaluated. Exposing
sharing the valuable information among the organizations in order to perform the operations on a
routine basis. This is a type of system which uses the different types of knowledge and are
installed in the software for example the implicit knowledge and tacit knowledge along with the
explicit knowledge. This is a system which helps a customer to find their own answers as it
contains the answers to the frequently asked questions by the customers and also helps in
keeping the information updated which is reliable and relevant for the customers. It also
facilitates the conversion of emails to knowledge based articles which is the time saving process
and assists the customers who can help themselves by just reading out the information contained
in the software (Yee, Tan and Thurasamy, 2019).
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Task 3
Globalisation
Globalization is referred to as the process of communication and integration among different
companies and people along with the economy on an international basis. Globalization has
accelerated since the 18th century. This is because of the advancement in communication
technology and transportation. Globalization is considered as the growing independence of the
whole world in context of the populations and cultures along with the economies. Globalization
consists of different types of activities which consist of the cross-border trade of various goods
and services and the flow of investment along with the updated technology and information.
Some of the examples of globalization are cultural and diplomatic along with the economic and
automotive industry which is followed by the food industry and technological organizations as
well as the banking industry also (Turulja and Bajgoric, 2018).
The effects of IT on globalisation
The effects of information Technology on globalization are positive in nature. This is because it
contributes to the exchange of information and data across different nations effortlessly. It
facilitates the expansion of resources from different nations globally which ultimately leads to
the innovative and new ideas to generate products and operations of the business in a creative
manner. Information technology has facilitated globalization by adopting the different ethical
standards across the world. There are various softwares which facilitate the export operations in
a collaborative manner with the help of networks and internet from one country to another. Due
to the advancement in technology, it has supported the creation and growing of the global market
in a vast manner (Branstetter, Glennon and Jensen, 2019).
Task 4
Definition of digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure is referred to as the use of several digital technologies which help in the
foundation for the organization in order to operate the business in an advanced manner. It is
basically the connection among all the elements of the technologies which includes the key
components of different societies and economics along with the smart and the future cities. It
basically targets to provide the services to the customers as per their demands and requirements.
It facilitates the formulation and the administration of the different platforms which ultimately
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improve and enhance the experience of the customers. Moreover it renders the development of
local economy and innovation along with the citizen engagement and social inclusion in the
smart community services (Greenstein, 2019).
Example of digital infrastructure
There are several examples of digital infrastructure such as the network infrastructure and
internet backbone along with the communication satellite and fixed broadband communications.
Other examples include the API and integration along with the cloud computing and internet of
things. Some of the other examples are the internet exchange point and Telecom as well. The
following discussion is based on the internet of things as an example of digital infrastructure. It
is defined as a type of network which has the embedded devices and are interconnected to
capture and transform the data into information which ultimately helps the human interaction in a
wireless manner. It includes the traffic monitoring along with the smart devices and smart
wearables, robots and many more (Gulliver, Fahmi and Abramson, 2021).
Advantages
The Internet of things has various merits to the individual as well as the organizations. It
improves the security and also offers personalized protection. It improves the automated services
and activities which saves time and energy as well. It supports accessing the data in a simple
manner on a real-time basis. Connection of different electrical devices with the computer
controller helps in the personal assistance to the applications of internet of things. It facilitates in
sensing the danger and also won the organizations before using any of such applications. It
contributes in the strategic communication flow and less human effort in the company which
further helps in the tracking of the transportation and inventory control in a cost effective manner
(Hanna, Lawrence, Buller and Brett, 2020).
Disadvantages
Demerits of internet of things as such that the security is one of the major disadvantages of
internet of things because hackers can easily gain access to the computerized systems with the
motive of misusing the personal data or credentials of the user. The working of the internet of
things is heavily dependent on the Internet and networks and without which it cannot function. It
has led to the increasing unemployment because this is the technique which renders the
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automated services and resulting in the losing of jobs (Caldera, Mostafa, Desha and Mohamed,
2021).
Task 5
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
Information system outsourcing has different risks which are associated with it. For example
there is a possibility of weak management due to the inexperienced staff. Another risk can be the
outdated technical skills in the organization which lacks the expertise and results in the higher
risk in information technology outsourcing. These are the risks which contain the hidden cost
and also lack the learning in the organization which ultimately result in the loss in innovative
capacity. Fuzzy Focus is also the risk which occurs due to the technological invisibility (von
Bary and Westner, 2018).
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation
Digital transformation in today's era requires advanced information Technology infrastructure.
The reason being is that the company operates with the help of a large amount of data and
information which helps in decision making which need to be managed for better operations in
the companies. Information Technology infrastructure health in the connection of different
applications and large volumes of data in a potential manner. Moreover it also serves as a
platform for new ideas and growth of the company which helps in the expansion and
development in the marketplace. It contributes in the faster response to the changing names and
formulates the transactional functions and more the data in order to assist in the connection
among places and people (Baiyere, Salmela and Tapanainen, 2020).
Conclusion
It is concluded that information technology solutions and information systems is considered as
the important concept to learn and study for better applying such applications in the actual world
companies. The reason being is that in the current era it is almost impossible for the company's
to survive without advanced technology. This is because organizations use advanced technology
in its operations and basic functioning of the organization for better growth and development.
Moreover, it supports the expansion of the company in the marketplace with better safety and
security. Therefore it is important to analyze the different types of information systems such as
DSS and TPS along with the ESS and KMS and also the MIS. It is essential to examine the
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different types of security software such as mcfee and also the MS office. It is necessary to
determine the different types of examples of digital infrastructure along with its merits and
demerits. It is significant to gain knowledge about the concept of globalization and the effect of
information systems on globalization. It is imperative to evaluate the different risks related with
information technology outsourcing and also the reason behind the critical nature of information
Technology infrastructure to digital transformation. Thereby the above information covers all
such areas in order to better understand the conceptualization of information Technology
solutions.
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References
Books and Journals
Baiyere, A., Salmela, H. and Tapanainen, T., 2020. Digital transformation and the new logics of
business process management. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), pp.238-
259.
Branstetter, L.G., Glennon, B. and Jensen, J.B., 2019. The IT Revolution and the Globalization
of R&D. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 19(1), pp.1-37.
Caldera, S., Mostafa, S., Desha, C. and Mohamed, S., 2021. Exploring the Role of Digital
Infrastructure Asset Management Tools for Resilient Linear Infrastructure Outcomes in
Cities and Towns: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 13(21), p.11965.
Greenstein, S., 2019. Digital infrastructure. In Economics of Infrastructure Investment.
University of Chicago Press.
Gulliver, R., Fahmi, M. and Abramson, D., 2021. Technical considerations when implementing
digital infrastructure for social policy. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 56(2), pp.269-
287.
Hanna, T.M., Lawrence, M., Buller, A. and Brett, M., 2020. Democratic digital
infrastructure. Building a 21st Century network in the UK and US. Accesible en:
https://www. common-wealth. co. uk/reports/democratic-digitalinfrastructure (consultado
el 20 de julio de 2020).
Heathfield, S.M., 2019. Executive support and leadership in change management.
Mahato, D.P. and Singh, R.S., 2018. Maximizing availability for task scheduling in on‐demand
computing–based transaction processing system using ant colony
optimization. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 30(11), p.e4405.
Rainer, R.K. and Prince, B., 2021. Introduction to information systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Ransome, J. and Misra, A., 2019. Core software security: Security at the source. Auerbach
Publications.
Sugiyarti, E., Jasmi, K.A., Basiron, B. and Maseleno, A., 2018. Decision support system of
scholarship grantee selection using data mining. International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics, 119(15), pp.2239-2249.
Tummers, J., Kassahun, A. and Tekinerdogan, B., 2019. Obstacles and features of Farm
Management Information Systems: A systematic literature review. Computers and
electronics in agriculture, 157, pp.189-204.
Turulja, L. and Bajgoric, N., 2018. Information technology, knowledge management and human
resource management: Investigating mutual interactions towards better organizational
performance. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems.
Venter, M. and Swart, A.J., 2018, April. An integrated model for the continuous use intention of
Microsoft Office simulation software. In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education
Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 320-329). IEEE.
von Bary, B. and Westner, M., 2018. Information Systems Backsourcing: A Literature
Review. J. Inf. Technol. Manag., 29(1), pp.62-78.
Yee, Y.M., Tan, C.L. and Thurasamy, R., 2019. Back to basics: building a knowledge
management system. Strategic Direction.
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