Network Architecture and Internet Access

This assignment discusses the necessary elements for an Information Technology organization to have proper communication among employees. It highlights the importance of networking, including hardware elements, sub-netting, dual stack environments, network topology, and DSL internet access. The report concludes that these elements are essential for effective communication within the company.

Information Systems
Networking Essentials

Executive Summary
Computer networking is an essential part to communicate within an organization. The
main motive behind conducting this report is to design the network requirement for the
Advanced Digital Computer Company. To provide networking, the type of media used in this
report is router and switches. These are used in the company because of their specific features
which are explained in this report. The company wanted to move from Ipv4 to Ipv6 which
requires sub-netting. Star topology is also used in their company to connect different networks
simultaneously. The type of internet access used is DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) for ADC
company.

Table of Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
1) The type of media used in the company for the next five years and why?.............................4
2) Sub-netting the company's network Ipv4 address using VLSM.............................................5
3) Use a Dual Stack environment for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses..................................................8
4) Details of the hardware used in ADC company.....................................................................8
5) Type of network topology which can be used at each ADC company location...................10
6) The type of internet access ACD company must use...........................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Networking is the essential requirement of an Information Technology company
(Networking. 2019). This provides communication channels for the company so that they can
convey their messages effectively. The organization in which networking is going to done is
Advanced Digital Computer Company. This company has one head office while it has five
branches such as Parramatta, Hornsby, Surtherland, Bankstown and Epping. In this report, WAN
connections between the head office and other branches is going to be established. Network
requirement for the advanced digital computer company is designed with the help of IP address,
hardware such as routers etc., computer systems, network topology and the communication
channels are also discussed.
1) The type of media used in the company for the next five years and why?
ADC company is going to expand its networking channels in all it's branches. To expand
this networking they have to choose their networking channels so that they can communicate
with each other easily. The media which should be used by the company is wireless media. This
media will adequate for a 100% expansion to the company (Campbell, R., Martin, C. and Fabos,
B., 2018). This media will be sufficient for all bandwidth requirement needed in future. The
company will communicate with its other branches with the help of WAN. To establish a WAN
network a couple of things are required such as routers, switches, optical fibre cables. Routers
are used to forward the data in form of packets. These packets can be transferred either on the
own network or on the other. Router chooses the best path to transfer information therefore it is
convenient and fast as compared to others while transferring the information. While transferring
the information it also enhances the bandwidth of data packets so that they will be delivered
completely. Switches are the networking device that connects a computer network by using
packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device. The transfer of
data is done with the help of physical address of computer system. This results in fast and
reliable data transfer from host to destination. In the end, optical fibre cable is used to transfer
the data in the form of wire. This is done to connect the computer systems with routers and
switches. When data is reached to them they will transfer it wirelessly. The internet connection is
provided by the company, therefore it not required to include the ISP hardware in it. There is
requirement of single router at each branch of ACD company and with that 3 switches which

have 24 ports is also required in it. There are three switches used a single branch because of the
future needs of company (Feng, Y. and Xie, W., 2015). One switch can connect 24 computers
within it. The number of quantity used in purchasing of hardware is shown for all the branches
along with headquarter. The cost of each unit and the overall cost of hardware is defined below:
Items Per Unit/Meter
Cost
Number of quantity Overall Cost
Routers $195 6 $1170
Optical
fibre
$15 600 meters $9000
Switches $120 18 $2160
Total $12330
The data of hardware cost is shown below with the expansion of company's network for
five years.
2) Sub-netting the company's network Ipv4 address using VLSM
Sub-netting of class C network of Ipv4 is given below:
Subnet Name Subnet Address Subnet Mask Host Range of
Addresses
Broadcast
Address
City Head Office
Accounts
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.255
City Head Office
Marketing
192.168.1.1 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.254
City Head Office
Sales
192.168.1.2 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.253
Chatswood
Branch
192.168.1.3 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.252
Leichhart Branch 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.251
Rockdale Branch 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.250

Bankstown H.O. 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.249
Epping H.O. 192.168.1.7 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.248
Server network 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.247
Chatwood WAN 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.246
Leichhart WAN 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.245
Rockdale WAN 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.244
Bankstown WAN 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.243
Epping WAN 192.168.1.13 255.255.255.240 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.242
Sub-netting of Ipv6 is given below:
Subnet Name Subnet Address and Mask Host range of Addresses.
City Head Office Accounts 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:FFFF
:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF
City Head Office Marketing 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF
City Head Office Sales 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:FFFF:FFFF
Chatswood Branch 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:0000:FFFF
Leichhart Branch 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:0000:0000

Rockdale Branch 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:GGG
G:GGGG:GGGG:GGGG
Bankstown H.O. 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
GGGG:GGGG:GGGG
Epping H.O. 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:GGGG:GGGG
Server network 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:0000:GGGG
Chatwood WAN 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:EEE
E:EEEE:EEEE:EEEE
Rockdale WAN 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:EEEE:EEEE
Bankstown WAN 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000:
0000:0000:EEEE
Epping WAN 2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:0000
:0000:0000:0000
2001:0DB8:ABCD:0012:DDD
D:DDDD:DDDD:DDDD
3) Use a Dual Stack environment for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Dual Stack Environment is a device which understands both the Ipv4 and Ipv6 addresses.
Since the service providers are facing an issue of providing the supply of IP addresses as the
internet is growing on day by day (Hair Jr and et.al., 2015). To solve this issuer they are moving

from Ipv4 to Ipv6 because Ipv4 supports 32 bit address while Ipv6 supports 128 bit address.
Dual Stack environment will help the service providers to give services of Ipv6 while using Ipv4.
The coexistence of Ipv4 and Ipv6 are transparent in nature to such an extent that even the end
user will not known it. In case of ADC company, Dual Stack Environment will help them to
configure the latest version of Internet Protocol. Ipv6 addresses consists of 8 groups of 16-bit
hexadecimal values separated by colons (:). It has the following format.
3FFE:0000:0000:0001:0200:F8FF:FE75:50DF
4) Details of the hardware used in ADC company
ADC company is going to expand its network in future. This will require a couple of
hardware so as to install the networking requirements. The hardware required by the company is
Router and Switches. The details of hardware are shown below:
Router
Routing is a process of forwarding IP packets from one network to another. To do this a
hardware is used which is known as router (Hengeveld, T. A., Harris Corp, 2016). A router has
at least two network interface cards (NIC). One card is connected to one network and other is
connected with another network. It can connect any number of networks with it which depends
upon the efficiency of NIC. Routers not only route traffic to other networks but also it chooses
best path for the delivery of data packets. In case of ADC company, router is very useful in
providing network connection from its head office to its branches. This will provide the company
to route its IP packets with the best one. Router decides the best route for delivering the data
packets. If a router having only two NIC is connected in company than one port is connected to
the ISP and other is connected to the branch offices.

To transfer the data packets from one node to another, router will choose the best path.
But how it works? In the figure shown above, subnet A has two routes to subnet C, one way is to
go directly to C and the other is coming from B to C. Router will use the best path i.e. directly
from A to C. It will find the best route through metric value. Every path in the router is defined
from the metric value. It will choose the path which have lowest metric value. In case of ADC
company, if data is transferred from head office to its other branches, the router will choose the
best path from its metric value.
Switch
It is another fundamental part of networking. It allows to speed up the transfer of data in
between different nodes. It also helps in transferring the data from one node to another in an
efficient manner. Although there are many types of switches available but ADC company will
use LAN switches. This type of switches will connect with the router through a cable and than all
the nodes are connected through it (Ivanova, Y., 2017). There are many ports in a switch such as
24 etc. One port can connect many nodes with each other. This type of connection is done
through star topology. Therefore switch can helps the company to transfer the data quickly from
one node to another. This device can also help the company to expand its connections in future
because of its multi node functionality.
5) Type of network topology which can be used at each ADC company location
The company has five branches in which the network connection is going to be
established. Apart from that, it has headquarter in which also the topology is going to be used. A
single topology known as Star topology is used at each location of ADC company. In case of
headquarter also, star topology bis going to be used.
Star Topology

Start topology is a network topology which is used by most of the common networks in
home and offices. This topology is known as star topology because a single node is connected to
establish a internet connection. With that node different connections can be established easily.
The biggest advantage of star topology is that in case of failure of cable of system, the entire
network is not affected (Katuntsov, E. V., Kultan, J. and Makhovikov, A. B., 2017). That is why
this topology is used to counter the risk of network failure by connecting all the systems to a
central node. This central node has the responsibility of transferring the data to the destination.
The medium to send and receive the data in device is different to different nodes from the central
node. That is why the risk of failure is not present in this topology. This topology is used in LAN
networks that is why it is best suitable in the connecting computers in offices. In case of ADC
company, star topology will play an important role in establishing the connections among
different nodes. This topology should be used in branches and head office. The biggest
advantage of using this topology to ADC company is that it is used with switches and hubs. The
company is already established to use switches, therefore it is best suitable with it. Switches will
allow different nodes to connect with each other. A central node is present in switch which
allows to send or receive the data to different nodes. In future expansion of networking in ADC
company, this topology will also help (Ma, X. and Sayama, H., 2015). A switch can connect with
another switch by just investing in a single node. For example, if two switches having 24 port
are connected than only two ports will be invested other 46 ports are free in future for the
company.

In the above diagram of star topology, different nodes are connected with a single switch.
If this switch is considered to have 24 ports than 15 ports are still vacant in this connection.
There are 8 ports which are used and a single port is engaged in establishing the internet
connection. In case of ADC company, this networking topology will be utilized all the offices
because they will be connected through LAN. While WAN is established with the help of
routers. Routers will take the internet connection to the gate of company and after that switches
will play their role to take that connection into systems.
6) The type of internet access ACD company must use.
To establish a connection internet is used. One can use internet through wired
connections or wireless connections. Although wired connections are famous in all aspects but
still companies prefer to attend wired connections at all. The main motive to select wired
connection is that they are secured as compared with wireless. One can interrupt the wireless
connection by invading in it. While wired connection are secured. They will reach from the
service provider to the destination (Shariatmadari and et. al., 2015). ADC company should also
preferred to use wired connections. In case of wired connection company should use DSL
(Digital subscriber Line). This is a communication medium which uses common telephone line
to establish a connection. The biggest advantage of using this medium is that apart from internet

connection, user can also establish a voice call on the telephone line. This type of connection is
easier to establish because it can work over normal telephone line. This connection is also faster
as compared to normal modem. There are two types of DSL connections:
Symmetric DSL:
This type of DSL provides to continue the upstream and downstream frequencies
simultaneously by providing equal speed to both of the uploading and downloading. This type of
DSL is best suitable for the organizations. It can provide up to 2 Mbps speed.
Asymmetric DSL:
This is a type of DSL which have very high speed as compared to symmetric DSL.
Although there is a difference in downloading and uploading the document. This is best suitable
for those who prefer to download more as compared to upload. This type of DSL can provide up
to 20 Mbps speed.
In future, this type of internet access will be beneficial for the company. As ACD
company will use symmetric DSL in which the cost is very cheap, therefore company can use
that cost to expand its networks in future. This will increase the productivity of company also.
CONCLUSION
In this report, it can be concluded that networking is the necessary element for an
Information Technology organization. This is required to have proper communication among the
employees. To provide networking there are many hardware elements which are necessary for
the establishment of a connection. Sub-netting of the IP address is also necessary because of the
shortage of IP address among the systems. Dual Stack Environment also helps the company to
switch from Ipv4 to Ipv6 which is necessary for the company to maintain effective
communication. The network topology is also used to establish a computer network in switches.
In the end, DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) is used as a internet access for the company.