Information Systems in Organisations: Types, Emerging Technologies, and IoT

This report discusses the different types of information systems that organisations can adopt to support communication and managerial decision making. It covers emerging technologies like AI and cloud computing, and the benefits, challenges, and future opportunities of IoT. It also explains how these technologies can assist with communication and decision-making in organisations. The report uses Tesco as a case study to illustrate these concepts.

Information Systems
in Organisations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Define emerging technologies or modern information systems in organisational contexts.......3
Explain the different types of information systems that organisations can potentially adopt to
support communication and managerial decision making..........................................................4
Select a suitable technology, and assess its benefits, challenges and future opportunities;........6
Justify how the chosen technology can assist with communication and managerial decision-
making.........................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Information system is an academic study with particular reference to the information and
the contemporary networks of computer related to the hardware and software for collecting,
filtering and processing the data(Xue and et. al., 2022). For this respective report, Tesco is the
chosen company, it is the British international company which is dealing in groceries and general
merchandise in Welwyn Garden City, England. The firm was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen.
This report will cover the emerging technologies in organisational contexts and also the different
type of information system that can support the communication and the management decision-
making. Furthermore, it will suggest the suitable technology, its benefits, challenges and future
opportunities and also maintain how the chosen technology can assist with the communication
and social control decision-making.
MAIN BODY
Define rising technologies or modern information systems in organisational contexts.
Emerging technologies are the perceived as capable of changing the status quo. And also
includes the various of technology that is being used in the business organisation. In modern
world, there is great use of technology for ensuring the growth of an organisation. In context to
Tesco, there are certain emerging technologies and information system which are given below:
 Artificial intelligence(AI): It is one of the technology direction due to its notable effects
on the individual live, work and play in their early level. AI is known for its superiority in
image and speech acknowledgement, navigation apps, smartphone personal assistance
and many more. This also helps in observing the changing patterns of customer behaviour
by evaluating data in actual time, estimated revenue generation and can rightly enhance
personalised experience. In context to Tesco, robots in supermarket are having better
consideration in their future progressively adopt to manage the inventory-related
problems that are preventing out-of-stock items, incorrect labelling and pricing (Shovlin
and et. al., 2022).
 Cloud computing: It is the development that is uses the internet foe storing and
effectively managing all the data on remote servers that can be rightly access via the
internet. Suitable example is Google cloud- it is the suite of public cloud service that is
being offered by Google and all the related application development run on Google

hardware. In context to Tesco, the retailer manage all the sensitive and mission critical
applications in its in-house facility and the use of private cloud foe hosting web services
as the application such as back office applications and float analytics.
 Supply chain management (SCM): this is the modern information system which
ensures that the right quantity must be sale at right time to their prospective customers
and also keeping the cost of production as low as it possible. It is the concept which
integrates the management of supply chain in relation to inventory management, payment
management, financial management and distribution system. These are the different units
of business as some are depend upon producing. This also enables the supply to check
weather the same information is being passed to all the parties. In context to Tesco, it
ensures the flow of gods and services in the right time in right quantity.
 Transaction processing system(TPS): It is the message processing system which
includes the aggregation, adjustment and recovery of all the transaction data. It is the
system which divide the work and it consists of computer hardware and software
conducting the transactions and oriented application with the same routine transactional
which is important to operate the business. Example includes payroll, employee records,
manufacturing and shopping. In context to Tesco, this information system also helps in
having the better use of services by which related information can be gained and rightly
managed within the organisation.
Explain the various types of information systems that organisations can possibly adopt to support
communication and managerial decision making.
Basically, there are various information system which is used by organisations and they
are accessing accurate data and information to the customer while making purchasing to any of
the firms. This is basically helps in supporting the organisation at better level and also helps in
having better use of technologies in various functions. In context to Tesco, various type of
information systems which helps in communication and decision-making are given below:

Illustration 1: Major Types of Information
Systems,2022
 Decision support system(DSS): It is an mutual computer-based information system such
as MIS and also helps in managing various functions at the management level. This gives
in-between managers with the information which helps them to make intelligent
conclusion. This is designed for every manager so that they can rightly execute a
particular managerial task or the specific problem and also access appropriate decisions.
Mostly, they help the managers to make semi-structured decisions and sometimes, they
also leads to make the complex decisions by using OASs and TPSs. In context to Tesco,
manager can make the better decisions by analysing the particular situation and also able
to take critical decisions in various departments.
 Management Information System(MIS): This the software which is being developed to
support the planing, dominant and decision-making f the middle managers. This also
helps in extracts transactions data by knowing the TPSs then complies them foe to get the
better information products in the form of displays, reports and responses. This generates
the report regular MIS is the summary report such as report on time period sales made by
each income man who all are working within the company. In context to Tesco, they are
having effective working with the help of this system that also enables the better use of
services within the organisation. Further, all the data and the information is being pass
that ensures the better communication within the organisation.

 Knowledge Work System: This is the system that is improved to advance the creation of
knowledge and ensures that cognition and technical acquisition are proper integrated into
the business. This helps the knowledge workers in creating and propagating the new
information and knowledge by providing them better assistance to them so that they can
rightly manage the information. This also helps the knowledge individuals while creating
and promoting the information and the certain knowledge with the help of
communications, analytical, graphics and document management tools. In context to
Tesco, Financial workstations are to be used to pool the wide range of data with the help
of internal and external sources(Medhekar and Nguyen 2022).
 Executive support system: This delay of MIS that is the computer founded information
system which is commonly used in decision-making at top level management. These are
the decisions which are being taken with the proper assistance of governance support
system that are non-routine decisions. These aspects majorly affects the requirement,
judgement and sight of entire organisation. In context to Tesco, these are the aspects
which ensures the overall working within the organisation and also leads to get the better
approach as well. These are the aspects which is having the non-routine decisions.
 Office Automation System: It is the aggregation of communication technology, personal
to execute officials tasks and computers. This also execute the office transactions and
also support the various tasks in every level of organisation. This is being divided into
clerical and managerial tasks. These all the task is being operated with the help of an
office automation system and also includes preparing written communication,
typesetting, mailing, scheduling, calendar keeping. In context to Tesco, manager is
keeping eye on meeting, creating reports and messages and dominating the overall
performance of the company(Martínez-Romero and et. al., 2022). They also ensures the
processing, electronic filing and e-mail that are incorporate into office automation
systems.
Select a appropriate technology, and assess its benefits, challenges and future opportunities;
Technologies are playing significant role and now many things are now building with
WiFi connectivity and in such way the internet is connected to each other. Thus, it is suggested
to the company to use the Things of Internet technology, they are already enables the devices
home gadgets, cars and many more that to be connected and exchange data over the internet.

LoT enabling the better safety, efficiency and decisions making , prognostic maintenance, speed
up medical care, improve client service and also helps the overall productivity of the company.
In context to Tesco, there are certain benefits, challenges and the future opportunities of Things
of internet technology that are given below-
Benefits of things of internet:
 Better use of resources and assets- With the help of internet, all the things are tasks are
being assigned properly and also ensures that all the things are maintained properly so
that they can rightly manage all the work in the given unit. These aspects also helps in
having better things to be managed. In context to Tesco, with the help of internet they are
estimating the use of resources such as land, labour, machine and making them more
effective so that they can rightly manage the better utilisation of resources such as labour
and raw material in the further production.
 Improved productivity of staff and reduced human labour- Things of internet is the
main consideration which ensures the better use of machine instead of having better use
of machines so that they can have the better understanding within the organisation so that
they can rightly use the things so that they can have the better use of things by which they
can maintained. Internet is all about managing things with the help of machine or through
the online mode so that all the necessary things can be right accessed and can be
intreprate to the respective individual. In context to Tesco, they are doing betterment in
the technology and also giving training to the employees so that they can rightly use the
available machine in order to have higher level of growth and profitability.
 Efficient operation management- It is defined as the management of various functions
that are production, manufacture, packaging of the final product for the further sell in the
market. They are having major consideration of the Thing of Internet by which packaging
can be done with new machine and the technology. This also helps in eliminating the use
of human force and also leads to have the betterment in the functions and the offerings in
order to have more profits and revenue within the organisation. In relation to Tesco, they
are dealing in groceries and general merchandise which is also leading to have better
approach in the market (de Moya and et. al., 2022).
 Improved work safety- These are the aspects which ensures that the workplace must be
having positive environment and the full safety of workers and proper consideration to

the health of the employees by providing proper first-aid and proper sick leaves with the
help of their individual online portal. They are keeping the temperature check machines
and sanitizer in the time of COVID-19 which helps the employees to keep them safe and
healthy. In context to Tesco, they are having better use of technology so that they can
having efficiency so that they can rightly manage the things so that all the employees can
have the safe and healthy working environment.
Challenges of things of internet
 Maturity: Digitalization not simply the smart solution for any device and then acquiring
all the positive outcomes, actions and the insights of the individuals. There are many
firms which are not ready to for gathering data with the help latest technology as they are
not expertise in such field and also lacking with some sort of
technology or up gradation. In context to Tesco, the IoT is rapidly ever-changing and
they need to make the position in sight and stay open to integrate about the useful data
and what can be optimised to them(Abd Rahman and Susanto, 2022).

 (Alcântara and et. al., 2022) (Lee and et. al., 2022) (Love and et. al., 2022) (Rahman and
et. al., 2022) (Singh, Karpa and Chawla, 2022) (Wiederhold, 2022)
 Lack of skills: when any of the company is having the use of new technology so there
are some of employees who is not having nay knowledge about the particular topic so
that they can have the major consideration about the place by which they are lacking in
performing well with the same patterns.
Future opportunities includes the combination of artificial intelligence and the internet
of things to hold the promise to be more connected so that they can have the better understanding
about the various function of Tesco.
Justify how the selected technology can assist with communication and managerial decision-
making.
Technologies such as artificial intelligence, clouding computing are the emerging
technology that helps in having the better use of technology and also having the better use of
things in order to get higher profitability and revenue. Decision-support system is the major
information system which is used by the manager to take the effective decisions and also having
better consideration while operating the overall functionality of Tesco. Further, they are using

management information system so that they can have the better use of technology and all the
work and the information to be reach to the respective employees and also having the
consideration with the staff.
Office automation system also helps in having the better use of technology so that all the
things can be rightly rendered to the employees or the customer while having purchase from the
stores of Tesco in order to generate the higher profitability and revenue. This system store the
huge data and the information and also foods for recording keeping of the staff and the customer
as well.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that information technology plays ans significant
role in the development and the enhancement of the any business enterprises. There are certain
emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing which helps them to
have the better approach in the in the various operational areas. MIS, DSS, TPS are the
information system which ensure to take better decisions and also having effective consideration
in making transactions within the organisation. Further more, things of internet technology is be
suggested to the as it helps in getting more productivity and also reduce the human use so that
they can rightly establish the good brand image in the large market and also can gain more
profits as well.

REFERENCES
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