Information Technologies and Globalization: A Study on Tesco

This report discusses the impact of information technologies on globalization and the role of digital infrastructure in digital transformation. It also explores the risks associated with information systems outsourcing and provides an analysis of theories, methods, and techniques related to the design and development of IT solutions such as McAfee and MS Office. The report includes a summary of TPS, KSM, ESS, DSS, and MIS systems with relevant examples.

BUSINESS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................................3
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for TWO
of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office...................3
McAfee: ..........................................................................................................................................3
Task 2: Explain the systems below with relevant examples: ........................................................4
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation...........................................................6
TASK 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure..................7
TASK 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is it infrastructure so
critical to digital transformation! ....................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Information technologies are some kind of methods or system which are being adopted by
various organization in order to make correct decision and choice which can help them to enhance
their business future growth and productivity. In current time period, almost every organization has
set-up various information techniques and applications which will assists them in collecting the
valuable data is command to make future decisions. (Abdurakhmanova,2020) Through the proper
and effective computer system or software an organization can able to make correct decisions in all
their working stages. Furthermore, TESCO is one of the largest grocery and general merchandise
store present in United Kingdom. It is a multinational company as they are operating their business
across the globe. TESCO store and use the precious data of their customers through the IT solutions
and software's. Moodle and Ms office are some kind of software which will be a part of this further
report. DSS(decision support system), ESS( executive support system) are some kind of tool which
will be briefly explained in this report. Globalisation is a method which makes easy for various
organization to run their business operations in different nations. Both pros and cons of digital
infrastructure is been concluded in this report. Explanation on system outsourcing is also a part of
this report.
MAIN BODY
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development for
TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee; (ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS
Office.
McAfee:
It is a kind of computerized system software which is been generated by John McAfee in the
year 1987. Through the proper use of this software an organisation can detect misleading, viruses
and malware. McAfee also provide the protection from such kind of issues. It gives access to an
organisation for conducting research of different opportunities and improve learning without
worrying about the threat of virus attacks. All McAfee software is designed using Agile or
Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) methodology. Agile development techniques
allow software to be created using iterative processes that involve three steps, which are been
termed as planning collaboration and deployment. with the whole process being completed with
feedback. The iteration technique provides efficiency for an organisation to identify the errorsa and
resolve those issues. McAfee uses computerized web sniffing effectively to detect and classify
malware based on the type and level of threat it poses. Using an up-to-date database, it searches for
and identifies methods of preventing virus attacks by removing them from the system. This helps a

business by allowing it to run computerized systems without being disrupted by virus attacks. In
context to TESCO, they can adopt this software to identify the hazards regarding their operations in
the early stage. Due to this they can save themselves from the big loss which might occur in the
future. (Castillo-Vergara,Alvarez-Marin,and Placencio-Hidalgo, 2018)
MS office-
It was introduced by Bill Gates in 1988. It is one of the biggest computer programs in the
whole world. Microsoft Office is a collection of computer-based software, sometimes known as a
software family, that includes various helpful apps for computer multitasking. It allows an
organisation to use visuals to create and edit a variety of creative documents, presentations, and
posters. It comprises of a number of programmes that allow the management to create a variety of
spreadsheets, documents, and material in a variety of forms. Microsoft Office is written in C++, a
programming language that allows the software to run quickly and efficiently with memory-based
capabilities. Microsoft Office developed its multiple programmes using a variety of technologies. It
creates web applications with the.NET Framework and designs software with other cutting-edge
technologies. Microsoft Office is beneficial in a variety of ways in an organisation, and it strives to
make decision-making easier.. There is another set from of Microsoft which is called as the phrase
processor and 1/3 is Excel which is the spreadsheet. In context to TESCO, they could do their
business properly and also benefit from internet packages at work through Apple and Android. Also,
certain different types of cloud word processors like Hemingway have given preference to a single
type of editing. In Microsoft Office there are various sub-software such as MS Power Point, MS
Excel and Word etc.
Task 2: Explain the systems below with relevant examples:
I. TPS (Transaction Processing System)
This is a type of software application that secures the flow of transactions by processing data using
online written communication systems. This system also verifies that related information is
preserved and then removed from the matching database. In order to ensure the continuous
operation of the information related to the day-to-day activities of an organization, it is crucial to
process the transactions. These are the diverse aspects that depend entirely on different business
activities of different companies. There are specific uses of TPS including customer order entry,
payroll, hotel reservation system, etc. As part of TESCO, they can use this system to completely
store the document of sales they have make worldwide. (Choudhury, Tseng, and Swartz, 2020)
II. KSM (Knowledge Management System)

This is a type of information technology software that helps a company store and retrieve
knowledge to improve its business functions and effectively protect all precious data related to its
business. This is a tool that encompasses the filing system for assets and information that also
allows many people in an organization to acknowledge and comment on the general activities of
others. A knowledge management system can be put in place by an organization to help them
implement knowledge related to their business to users and customers.. In the Tesco context, they
can use this software to establish crystal clear connection between workers and management. The
Spartan Race knowledge base is one of the best examples of a knowledge management system.
III. ESS (Executive Support System)
This is a technique associated with the human trait that also helps the worker or employee to
function in their respective areas of responsibility, which includes changing their personal
information. This technology helps them leverage the companies' valuable information and data.
This aspect helps the top-level management of an organization to make better decisions using the
required data and information. One of the key features of this system is that it saves valuable time
identifying critical data. Higher authorities needed employee information and reliable data to make
such an administrative decision. This software helps increase personal efficiency, competitive
advantage, organizational control, etc. In connection with TESCO, they use the ESS system to
support the organization's investment preparation process. It also provides the authorities of Tesco
with the necessary information about the current financial development before making the
investment decision . (Luo, Lin, and Zheng, 2019)
IV. DSS (Decision Support System)
It is form of information technology software that have been set-up by almost every organisation in
their working field. This software supports them in making the judgement, choices, decision and
action which are directly in contact with their business function. The business performance related
to their high and middle level management can be enhance with the proper and effective use of this
software or system. IN context to Tesco, they can use this software to make hard-hitting decisions
and improve their business efficiency by providing them the ability to do their assigned task before
the given deadline. This software assists them to run their business with the right approach. GPS
route planning is most important type of this software. The management of Tesco can set-up this
software to make their decision.
V. MIS (Management Information System)
This is a type of software application that can help an organization by giving it the
ability to collect reliable and useful affiliate data related to the business. It is the tool used
by various organizations to reassess and control the business functions of their
companies .The main objective of this system is that it assists an organization in making an

effective and efficient decision about its future growth. In , the main objective of
management information system is to help an organization to use its business system in an
appropriate manner. Microsoft Dynamics, Fleetmatics and Tharstern Limited are some types of
management information systems that exist today. Tesco may use this software to use external
information related to its business, which can help it remain competitive in its market. (.Manuel,
and Herron, 2020)
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation.
Globalization can be described as a operation that facilitates the process of social and
cultural inter-conference, political interdependence, and economic integration between different
nations around the world. The main purpose of globalization is to make the world more
interdependent and connected than ever. In addition, globalization offers numerous nations various
opportunities to obtain a large number of products, services, human capital, investments and
knowledge from external markets.. Multinational companies play a central role in globalization and
their progress began in 1990, when the first technological advances were made with the switch from
telegram to telephone. Also, the invention of the air-plane may enable people to travel from one
place to another in a short amount of time.
Effects of Information technology on globalization:
Technological advances have significantly facilitated the improvement of globalization,
permitting buying and selling agencies to grow their business operations, customer base and market
share worldwide. It additionally helps in reducing the fee of transportation structures and enhance
verbal exchange channels among unique international locations across the world. In this regard, it
enables establishments gather the worldwide foundation of uncooked substances and critical inputs.
Launching of World Wide Web has the advanced impact on financial manner because it
allow sharing of mental characteristic and facts speedy among the 2 entities. Furthermore, it permits
shoppers and dealers to make deal at whenever and in any a part of the globe which in addition
allows the increase of globalization. Beginning of fibre optic cables is likewise a turning factor
with-inside the increase of globalization as they're related with accrued pace and statistics degree
power. In abstraction to it, there are mobile, telephones and laptops which even have a severe
impact at the globalization. (Müller, Buliga, and Voigt, 2018.)

TASK 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure refers back to the physical asset which is important to facilitate the
utilization of information, laptop programming gadgets, automatic structures and different process.
Digital infrastructure purpose is to lower the ones terminal factors which can be out-of-bounds
because of the geographical barriers and tries to permit excessive sensible software progressions to
take place. Digital infrastructure performs the critical function in command to execute cause and
convey development with-inside the society.
Communication satellites- These satellites make a communication passage which permits human
motion among a sender and receiver which makes the essential interplay viable throughout the
special regions on earth. (Santoro, Fiano, Bertoldi, and Ciampi, 2018)
Internet- It is a prepared gadget generated by combining billion of net servers prsent with-inside
the entire world. It help spectacular human motion throughout diverse barriers and hyperlink
humans with one another.
Advantages of digital infrastructure
 Keeps the world connected: Data migration is enabled by digital infrastructure assets,
which are not constrained by geographic limits. It enables people from all over the world to
communicate and share information. With a simple click, people can send messages to one
other.
 Enhance productivity: Companies and businesses can share ideas and innovations through
digital infrastructure, which improves prospects for growth and development. The technique
of online commerce is growing by the day, which can only be accomplished by making good
use of the physical assets that enable digitalization. The free flow of fresh ideas boosts
productivity.
Disadvantages of digital infrastructure
 Issues regarding security of data: Digital infrastructure enables for the transport of data
including large amounts of personal information and keeping this data safe and secure has
become a difficult task. Personal data can be used by a variety of users, which could lead to
people being exploited if the data is misused for personal gain. (Wang and et.al., 2022).
 Increasing activities of crime: The vast web of the digital world is making it easier for
people to commit crimes. Terrorists make good use of digital assets to obtain destructive
information, and it is now easier to hide using digital media. With the growth of
digitalization networks, cyber crime is becoming more prevalent. (Silva, and Figueiredo,

2020)
TASK 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is it infrastructure
so critical to digital transformation!
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
Information system outsourcing refers back to the execution of statistics generation features
via way of means of a 3rd party. It has been validated to be a beneficiary in lots of ways, however it
additionally comes with risks. Disclosure of statistics to 1/3 events can motive critical issues if the
statistics is misused in any situation. Some of the negative aspects of IT offerings are as follows:-
 Uncertainty of compliance: Another risk of outsourcing is that retailers never know if
third-party service providers will complete their contracts or follow their instructions.
Especially when it comes to information systems outsourcing.
 Factor of hidden costs: Outsourcing information systems comes with a variety of costs,
some of which are unknown but incurred during the process. The expenditures include the
costs of locating and retaining professional capacity and transportation service providers.
There are a slew of hidden costs attached to this infrastructure. The expenditures of
researching possible service providers and third parties are among the hidden costs..(Tuan,
Rajendran, Rowley, and Khai, 2019)
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
It have become very crucial for an enterprise to consist of an IT infrastructure of their
operating surroundings in the event that they need to head virtual of their commercial enterprise
framework. The statistics era infrastructure has an Internet connection and response utilized by the
enterprise for digital modification. It seems that virtual disruption isn't always smooth for the group
as agencies these days must put money into era. It discovered that agencies want to make
investments extra in hands-on utility to pursue new strategies and digitally ex-trade commercial
enterprise practices. It is vital for numerous monetary establishments to installation an IT
infrastructure with a purpose to attain the declared aim in their enterprise.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that, information technologies plays an
important role in the development of an organisation. It can help an organisation to successfully run
their business function in a very effective and efficient way. There are various computer software
are present which a firm can utilize for being more productive. Ms-office and Mcafee are 2 software

which is been summarized in this report. Tesco can adopt this software to keep the complete
knowledge of their stock. DSS, ESS are some kind of computer tool which is been briefly explained
in this report. Globalisation is a process which provide the facility to conduct trade worldwide for
to the big companies. Digital infrastructure is kind of process which is being installed by an
organisation to enhance their function.
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