This article discusses the role of information technology in the success or failure of Tesco, ethical and social issues in running a business, different networking technologies used by Tesco, and the importance of intranet and internet in the company.
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Abstract Information technology has become an important component for all organizations and ensures that operations run smoothly. Tesco uses various kinds of networking technologies in ordertoensurethattheknowledgesharingtakesplaceeffectively.Apartfromthis, implementation of information technology comes along with various advantages as well as disadvantages. Intranet and internet are used by the company to make sure that the overall level of its efficiency is maintained. Lastly, a system development life cycle ensures that information technology is implemented within the company in the most efficient manner.
Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................4 Literature Review......................................................................................................................................4 Role of IT in the success or failure of a business.....................................................................................4 Ethical and Social issues that pertain to running business.......................................................................5 Different types of networking technologies.............................................................................................5 Importance of Intranet and Internet in Tesco...........................................................................................6 Different Stages of System Development Life Cycle..............................................................................6 Potential benefits and drawbacks of investing in Information Technology..............................................7 Analysis and Discussion............................................................................................................................8 Role of IT within Tesco...........................................................................................................................8 Ethical & social issues in Tesco..............................................................................................................8 Network technologies utilized by Tesco..................................................................................................8 Significance of intranet as well as internet..............................................................................................9 SDLC lifecycle......................................................................................................................................10 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION The use of computers to store, transmit, exchange and manipulate data or information can defined as information technology. It has become an important component for almost all organizations and helps the management of an organization to ensure that all departments rum smoothly. Apart from this, information technology also helps organizations in improving their overall efficiency as well as productivity(Aasheim, Li and Williams, 2019). Technology today, is advancing at an increasing rate and has changed the way in which businesses operate. Organization chosen for this report is Tesco, which is a British retailer of groceries and general merchandise. The company was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919 and is headquartered in the United Kingdom. The report discusses the role of IT in the success or failure of a business, ethical and social issues relating to running a business and the importance of intranet as well as internet in the chosen business. Literature Review Role of IT in the success or failure of a business Information technology can play a role in the success as well as failure of a business and ensure that it works efficiently. It provides businesses an opportunity to analyze the large amounts of data available with them and thus, make effective decisions. Information technology speeds up the overall process of data analysis and makes sure that accurate results are obtained. This further helps in making decisions that contribute to the overall success of the business (Avgerou and Walsham, 2017). With the implementation of technology within the workplace, a business can easily provide a higher level of service to the customers. This is important because the overall success of an organization depends on knowing the requirements of the customers and trends in the market (The Role of Information Technology in Business Success, 2020). Information technology also enables the managers within a business to monitor the overall performance of the employees in an effective manner. On the other hand, if a business fails to implement the right technology in its system, it can affect the overall performance as well as productivity of the business. Further, the business can lack behind from its competitors and also start losing loyal customers.
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Ethical and Social issues that pertain to running business Although it is a known fact that information technology has made it easier for businesses to run their operations, there can still be various ethical and social issues that can affect running the same. Some of the issues are explained below – Discrimination and Harassment –This is one of the major issues that many employees within a business face. This issue can lead to a decline in the overall performance as well as productivity of the employees. They can be discriminated based on religion, gender, age and caste. Abusive Workplace Practices –This is another issue that can pose serious challenge to the business(Benckendorff, Xiang and Sheldon, 2019). Sometimes, the managers and team leaders do not treat their team members in a fair manner. Cyber Crime –It can be defined as the use of information technology to commit crimes wherein a person uses someone else’s identity and portrays as their own. Also, increase in the use of technology has led to an overall increase in the number of cybercrimes taking place. Privacy of Employees –All businesses, including Tesco have a responsibility of keeping the details of their employees private and safe. This is important so as to avoid any kind of misuse and illegal activities. Different types of networking technologies A networking technology can be defined as a technology through which two or more computer systems are connected and communicate with each other. It can help a business to grow as well as secure valuable information(Lloyd, 2020). An effective networking technology can allow a business to cut unnecessary costs on expensive soft wares. There are different types of networking technologies which are explained below – Local Area Network –This is one of the most frequently used network technologies that connects two or more computers within short distances. This helps in sharing information and resources. A LAN can be connected with another local area network through telephone lines. Metropolitan Area Network –This network is larger than local area networks but smaller than wide area network. This type of network can spread across an entire
geographic area. The ownership of MAN is usually handled by a single person (11 Types of Networks Explained: VPN, LAN & More, 2020). Wide Area Network –This type of network connects computers across longer distances and the internet is one of the examples of this network. Campus Area Network –This type of network is usually seen in university and college campuses or small businesses. It can enable the sharing of information over a short distance. Importance of Intranet and Internet in Tesco Intranet can be defined as a private network that is accessible only to authorized users and is basically a computer network that allows sharing of information within an organization. It is an important component with a business and facilitates better and improved communication among the employees within the workplace. Tesco has an inbuilt intranet within its workplace that has proved to be beneficial for its employees. This is because the staff members can use the sametostoreimportantinformation.Intranetisalsoimportantbecauseiteasesout communication as well as collaboration for people within the workplace. Internet can be defined as the network of networks that connects a large number of computers globally. An ISP or Internet Service Provider connects the home user to other computersacrosstheglobe.Internethasbecomeoneofthemostimportanttoolsthat organizations use in order to carry out their operations smoothly(Mikalef and Pateli, 2017). It allows knowledge sharing and learning not only within the organization, but also outside it. Tesco has operations across different locations due to which the importance of communication and connectivity has grown even bigger. Therefore, the company has implemented high speed internet so that employees working in a particular location can communicate with others as well as the customers effectively. Different Stages of System Development Life Cycle Itcanbe definedasamodelthatincludesdifferentpoliciesandproceduresfor developing as well as altering systems(Stover, 2019). The model consists of different stages that are associated with the development of a particular project within the company. The stages of system development life cycle are explained below –
System Planning –This is the first stage of the model wherein the management of the business carries out an analysis in order to identify any requirement for a new hard ware or software. System Analysis –In this stage, relevant information is gathered and analyzed. Apart fromthis, therequirementsoftheprojectarealso definedandan evaluationof alternatives was also done. System Design –This stage involves the designing of application as well as system interfaces(Theis and Wong, 2017). Once the design is finalized, it is then reviewed and made sure that it meets the requirements. Implementation and Deployment –In this stage, the design is implemented and deployed. Here, effective training is provided for the customers so that they become familiar about the same. System Testing and Integration –In this stage, testing is done in a proper manner by a team of professional. System Maintenance –This is the last stage of the system development life cycle wherein proper maintenance of the system is performed. Also, in case if any errors or mistakes are identified, they are rectified. Potential benefits and drawbacks of investing in Information Technology Implementing information technology can have various benefits for an organization like increase in the overall productivity as well as performance. It has become a mere necessity for businesses to survive and succeed in the market. It also saves a lot of time on manual labor and allow the organizations to cut unnecessary costs. Information technology has proved to be very beneficial for Tesco as the managers can get a clear understanding of the requirements and needs of customers and can therefore satisfy the same(Xiang, 2018). This has led to the customers being more loyal and satisfied with the services provided with the brand. But there are many disadvantages of implementing information technology as well. This can include time as well as cost for implementing the solutions. Apart from this, the company has to provide additional training to its employees. This can also include errors and mistakes while implementation.
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Analysis and Discussion Role of IT within Tesco Information Technology have essential role that will aid firm within generating amplified profits long with revenues. The management of this firm makes use of information systems that leads them to have privileged knowledge related with preferences as well as needs of their probable customers in an effectual manner. Tesco has opted to utilize information technology for management, assessment as well as ensuring that they are able to execute distinct departments in an amplified way(Cepec and Grajzl, 2020). This will assist them within having insight into their history, current situations prevailing within the market as well as future requirements. In addition to this, information technology will help management of organization within monitoring of their performance and make sure that each asset of firm is rendering their services in precise manner. Ethical & social issues in Tesco At present scenario, firms are making investment withinimplementation of enhanced technologies within their systems through which overall functions can be carried out as per requirements. But, in addition to this, there are various social along with ethical issues which are related in information technology and creates a significant impact on functionality of Tesco. It is necessary for firm to have precise information related with these aspects. They involve identity theftinwhichoneemployeecanmakeuseofidentityofotheremployeestoconduct unauthenticated or unauthorized activities for having an edge. In addition to this, hacker or third person can hack all the essential information of their employees and then might misuse this. It will lead to creation of agnostic impact on productivity as well as performance of firm. Along with this, there will be probable impact on mental state of employees when work done by them will be stolen by others and credits for that will be taken by other. It will hamper goodwill of Tesco in pessimistic manner of which their competitors can take vantage. Therefore, it is necessary that relevant measures are being taken by management for avoiding these kind of circumstances(Verberght, 2020). Network technologies utilized by Tesco Tesco is multinational firm which delivers their services worldwide thus it becomes mandatory for them to have adequate channels through which they can connect with other
subsidiaries or stores. For this they make use of distinct networking technologies within their working environment. They have been illustrated beneath: Wireless LAN:The firm utilize Wi-Fi within their unlike offices which are present within different locations but each have their own connections. The reason behind this is that LAN provides services within restricted dimensions like within a building. All these systems are connected with Wi-Fi that enables them to deliver on time services. Wide area network:As firm delivers their operations around the world, all the systems must be associated with other via an internet as this has enhanced reach. The network is being handled by different administrators within their offices. Metropolitan Area Network:Tesco makes use of MAN as this enables them to have high speed through which quick interaction can be conducted. This is attained by making use of fiber optical cables(Gautam and Sharma, 2019). MAN is liable for rendering high speed as compared to WAN that is responsible for transferring data among various computers. In addition to this, it will enable Tesco to have higher security levels in context of WAN. Significance of intranet as well as internet Intranet refers to private network that is accessed by authorized or authenticated persons for carrying out their functions. It is mainly formulated for having internal interaction between people of business. This is very crucial for Tesco; its significance is depicted below: Productivity of employees:The efficiency of employees will be enhanced by carrying out video conferencing, formulating discussion groups, chat rooms and audio. Communication:This is one of the critical aspect that creates a huge impact on performance as by utilizing this, employees can have precise information related with the projects via emails, voicemails, fax and blogs. Cost effectiveness:This aids within cost saving for Tesco as the investment required within maintenance of physical or manual documents will be eliminated. Internet denotes globally wide network that aids within connecting distinct computer systems worldwide. This needs higher bandwidth data lines that will aid within connecting internet with other countries through usage of web servers, internet service providers and many more. The importance is specified below:
Brand awareness:Through the assistance of internet, Tesco can have brand awareness related with products rendered by Tesco. This will lead to creation of enhanced image of firm among their consumers. The reason behind this is that, ample number of people can connect with internet through which they can have services. Sharing information:Internet has made it easy to share data among different people irrespective of distance that prevails within them. Within microseconds or even less than that (depending on network speed) information can be transmitted through which affirmative results can be attained. SDLC lifecycle It refers to model to model that is being applied for managing projects as well as illustrating different stages that are related with developing projects. This can be utilized within all kind of projects irrespective of whether they are technical or non-technical. They are illustrated below: System Planning:This is critical phase within creating adequate and successful system. For this, they analyze and determine needs of software and hardware. The individuals who are part of this stage are employees, managers and investors. System analysis:This is liable for planning of anticipation along with needs of their customersalongwithwaysrelatedwithperformancemustbedocumentedby formulation of feasibility study. System design:It defines distinct entities of system, components, architecture, security levels as well as kind of information which is installed within system in adequate manner (Xiang, 2018). Implementation & deployment:The systems are deployed, installed as well as utilized by individuals. This needs adequate training for ensuring usage of system. System testing & integration:This phase comprises of testing the projects that are conducted by team within enhanced manner. System maintenance:This involves maintaining system from time to time by monitoring it so that vulnerabilities do not occur. CONCLUSION
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The above report concludes that the use of information technology within businesses is increasing day be day. Due to this, many organizations have implemented the latest technology in their system. There are many benefits of implementing information technology within the business and plays an important role in the overall success or failure of the same. Apart from this, there are various social and ethical issues that pertain to running a business and can have an impact on the overall productivity of the employees within a company. A business can use different types of networking technologies like LAN, MAN, WAN etc. Intranet as well as internet can play an important role for a company in making it efficient and enhance its overall productivity. Lastly, a system development life cycle ensures that information technology is effectively implemented with the system.
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