Innovation and Commercialisation

This document discusses innovation and commercialisation in the context of Marks & Spencer. It covers the brief introduction of the company, the concept of innovation and invention, the various sources of innovation, and the evaluation of organisational vision, leadership, culture, and teamwork in driving innovation and commercialisation. The document also explores the 4P's of innovation, the innovation funnel, frugal innovation, and the commercialisation funnel.

Innovation and Commercialisation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
Brief introduction of Marks & Spencer within the context of innovation. ................................3
Explain the innovation and invention within the context of organisation. ...............................4
Examine the various sources of innovation within organisational context. ...............................7
Evaluate the organisational vision, leadership, culture and teamwork which result as
innovation and commercialisation..............................................................................................9
Explain 4P's of innovation and use of innovation funnel.........................................................10
Describe the innovation funnel and frugal innovation within the organisation context. .........11
Examine commercialisation funnel & developed new product development..........................12
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Innovation and commercialisation is wider and broader concept which refers to each and
every company make changes in products and services in order to enhancing profitability and
productivity which result as achieving organisation goal and objectives. The report is about
Marks & Spencer which are situated in United Kingdom and dealing variety of products and
services (Ardito, 2018). The paper consist is various innovation methods as well as comparison
between innovation and invention, 4P's of innovation. It includes funnel and frugal innovation
along with new product development process which refers to launching instant soup products
with multi flavour for the customers.
Main Body
Brief introduction of Marks & Spencer within the context of innovation.
Marks & Spencer is one of the leading organisation and multinational retailer and they
headquarter is situated in United Kingdom. It dealing in various products and services such as
clothing, home products, food products and many more. It utilising various technology which
effectively improving in products and services. It is dealing in variety of products and services
so their managers developing new strategies regarding products and services in order to gaining
competitive advantages as well as attracting large numbers of customers. It utilising various
promotional tools and techniques which helps to enhancing profitability and productivity of
company (Brown, 2016). It include they are conducting various innovation in order to targeting
large numbers of customers as well as achieving organisational goal and objectives. It is process
which refers to utilising various tools and techniques in order to successfully survive in the
marketplace. They are utilising various social media platform in order to promotes the products
and services such as what's app, Instagram, you tube, twitter and many others. It is majorly
focusing on innovation in order to Marks & Spencer launch drive digital innovation. It refers to
organisation huge amount investing in order to enhancing innovation in technology and
launching new products and services. In context of organisation, it includes they are developing
various new innovative products as well as enhancing digital capabilities and abilities. It
involves there are ample numbers of collaboration in order to transformation with the help of
digital expertise. It developing partnership with others brand such as Europe retailers which
developed the innovative products and services in order to fulfilling the needs and demands of

customers. It providing best services for customers which result as customer expertise, new
technology and proprietary research. They are conducting market research in order to know
about the customer taste, preferences and market trends so accordingly serves the products and
services for customers (Caldecott, 2017). It utilised various model in order to analysis the
external environment such as know about the competitor strategies as well as analysis on that
basis formulated new strategies which result explore the new opportunities at market place. It
includes ample numbers of competitor are present at marketplace such as Sainsbury, Tesco,
Aldi, Morrison and many more. Marks & Spencer is making improvements in products and
services which refers to attracting large numbers of customers as well as developing brand image
in the mind of customers.
Therefore, it involves organisation used as digital technology and transformation of
products and services which result as increasing customer base as well as enhancing profitability
and productivity of company which are helps to attained the organisation goal and objectives. It
is process which utilising digital platform in order to promotes their products and services.
Explain the innovation and invention within the context of organisation.
Innovation-: It involves organisation developing new ideas and methods which help to
successfully achieving organisation goal and objectives. In relevance of organisation, it involves
developing the various innovation techniques in order to capturing market share as well as
explore the new opportunities. It includes various process which result as developing brand
image due to innovation in various products and services segment, clothing segment and many
others (Eslamloo, 2017). Marks & Spencer developing digital services with the help of various
partners and launching digital transformation in products and services. Innovations is make
improvements in existing products and services so which refers to achieving organisation goals
and objectives.
Inventions-: It is different from innovation which refers to generating new ideas and
technology which are not utilised in existing products and services. It is essential for
organisation because it help to attracting large numbers of customer. It is successful achieving
organisation goal and objectives which result as gained competitive advantages. In context of
Marks & Spencer, it involves developing various strategies which helps to making invention
such as ample numbers of example like electric car is result of invention. It includes organisation
utilising various tools and techniques which help to cost effectiveness in order to serves the good

quality products and services which result as maintain standard of living. Invention is toatly
different from innovation which refers to organisation utilising in developing new innovative
products and services in order to gaining competitive advantages.
Importance of innovation and invention
Global brand-: Organisation serves various kind of products and services and they are
developed new innovative products which result as achieving organisation goal and objectives.
In relevance of organisation, it involves various tools and techniques which help to capturing
large market share as well as enhancing profitability and productivity of company. It includes
explore the new opportunities which are available at market place. It helps to sustain and survive
in the market for longer period of time.
Developing growth of organisation-: It is process which refers to innovation and
invention both are essential for organisation because it help to enhancing profitability and
productivity of company (Farid, 2016). In context to organisation, it includes utilisation various
tools and techniques which help to expand their business in another country. In reference of
Marks & Spencer, it involves various innovation such in technology and digital transformation
so developing various software which help to fulfil the requirement of customers.
Creating of unique selling point-: It is important concept in order to developing different
value for company or specific products and services. It includes various innovation and
invention in order to perceiving different value for products of company. It is necessary to
analysis the external environment which result as gaining competitive advantages.
Comparison between invention and innovation
Basis Invention Innovation
Meaning It is process which refers to
adapting new strategy and idea
in order to launching new
products and services. It helps
to using new invention in order
to attracting large numbers of
customers (Fittler, 2018).
It is process which are
including in order to
developing new idea or
method in existing products
and services. It is effective
tools and techniques which
result as enhancing
profitability and productivity

of company.
Concept It is method which refers to
providing various products and
services in order to fulfilling
the needs and demands of
customers. It involves various
tools an techniques which help
to serves the best services for
consumers (Guimon, 2017).
Organisation developing
various invention on the basis
of customer segment so
accordingly creating invention.
It is different concept from
invention which refers to
developing creativity in
existing products and services
such as developing brand
image in the mind of
customers.
Activities It includes new idea and
method is generated from
different source so the are not
involving market research.
It is essential for company in
order top conducting market
research such as analysis
various model and framework
on that basis developing
innovative products and
services.
Examine the various sources of innovation within organisational context.
Innovation is important concept which includes developing new ideas and creativity for
existing products and services so accordingly analysis the needs and wants of customers in that
basis developing products and services which result as exploring new opportunities at market
place. In context of Marks & Spencer, it includes changes in products and services so
accordingly developing innovation and changes which result as attracting large numbers of
customers. It is process which refers to serves the best services for customer and enhancing
profitability as well as productivity of company (Havenvid, 2017). It involves various big brand
name such as Amazon, google, Apple Facebook and many others organisation which result as

developing various innovation. According Peter F Ducker developing seven sources of
innovation which are helps to developing innovation in products and services as well as
generating new idea and concept has come up. There are various sources of innovation which are
discussed below.
The unexpected-: Innovation refers to unexpected which refers to difficult to happen by
chance. It includes unexpected innovation in order to this kinds of changes in products and
services are possible. It includes generating new ideas for developing and changes in products
and services which are helps to fulfilling the needs and wants of customers. In relevance of
organisation, it includes they are collaboration with other partners so accordingly developing
various innovation such as utilising advanced technology in order to other supermarket are not
using this kind of technology so it serves the high quality products and services for customers.
Incongruities-: This kind of innovation sources refers to innovation cannot developed
but already are available or by birth (Lahikainen, 2016). It is process which refers to with the
supply and accordingly come up from the innovation in products and services. In context of
organisation, it is one of the leading supermarket chain in UK so they are providing various
innovative services which are different from its competitor and they are utilising effectively and
efficiently in order to producing products and services. There are ample numbers of example
which refers to incongruity between parking area and parking shortage due to increasing
population of cars grew in order to shortage of parking area so on that basis launching smart car
which helps to small surface and covering small space.
Market structure-: It is process which refers to existing market structure analysis
effectively and efficiently which leads to innovation. It involves organisation conducting market
research in order to analysis the taste, preferences and market trend so accordingly making
changes in products and services. In context of organisation, it includes various tools and
techniques which refers to changing in products and services. For example, google is kind of
search engine which refers to providing various information in order to scattered information
providing. On the basis of that world wide web come up with market which are innovative tools
and techniques in order to providing various information in better way of google.
Necessity-: Innovation is necessary concept and method which refers to new and creative
idea in order to effectively utilising because it depends on thinking. Most of organisation
analysis needs and wants customers accordingly serves for customers (Lin, 2018). It is refers to

making new innovation regrading products and services such as achieving organisation goal and
objectives. In relevance of Marks & Spencer, it analysis needs accordingly fulfil the needs and
wants. It includes analysed the needs and necessity so accordingly making improvements in
products and services.
Demographics-: It is process which refers to various lifestyle and changes in customer
attitude towards the products and services so analysed them and accordingly developing
products and services which result as enhancing productivity and profitability of company.
Marks & Spencer manger formulating new strategies on the basis of customers taste, belief and
attitude towards products and services. For example, smoking is dangerous for health so on that
basis launching E-cigarettes which helps to satisfy the needs and wants of customers.
Changing perception-: It involves changing thought, idea and perception about the
products and services which result as developing new innovation in products and services. It is
process which refers to each and everyone has different idea, thought and perception so
accordingly making innovation and creativity (Liu, 2017). For example, it includes most of
people have social perception of healthy so it is accordingly changing their perception such as
low calorie food came in the market.
New knowledge-: It involves this source of innovation plays important role in order to
nano-technology, biotechnology and artificial intelligence are the main area of innovation which
helps to new innovative product and services are produced. In context of organisation, it
involves they utilised various technology such as digital transformation so discovered new tools
and techniques. There are ample numbers of example such as which refers to various sector in
order to developing effectively and efficiently innovation like health care sector, nanotechnology
and many others.
Hence, it includes various source of innovation which are help to making innovation on
products and services such as effectively and efficiently using by most of organisation. It
involves various tools and techniques which result as companies implemented effectively in
order to gaining competitive advantages.
Evaluate the organisational vision, leadership, culture and teamwork which result as innovation
and commercialisation.
In includes each and every organisation as survive with help of two aspect such as
profitability and productivity and accordingly developing new tools and techniques which result

as achieving organisation goal and objectives (Meinhold, 2017). In relevance of Marks &
Spencer, it considered various factors and measures in order to analysed and implemented
effectively and efficiently. There are various factors which are mentioned below.
Organisational vision-: It is process which refers each and every organisation making
vision and mission in order to desired goal and objectives are achieved. Organisation using
various tools and techniques in order to achieving success and survive at marketplace for longer
period of time. In context to organisation, it includes organisation vision which result as
effectively communicated towards achieved desired goal and objectives (Nepelski, 2019). It is
method which refers to utilising various tools and techniques in order to gaining competitive
advantages. It includes various tools and techniques which are essential to developing new
innovation and method. Marks & Spencer has vision which refers to continuous developing
innovation in order to providing good quality products and services.
Leadership-: It involves leaders of an organisation motivating and encouraging towards
work which result as enhancing profitability and productivity of company. It includes various
leadership skill which are followed by managers such as effectively and efficiently achieving
organisation goal and objectives. They are including transactional and transformation leadership
skill which result as positive contribution and adapting changes. In reference of organisation, it
includes they are effectively adapting leadership style in order to making the changes in products
and services.
Culture-: It includes organisation culture refers to each and every employees comes from
different background such as languages, background, religion and art which refers to achieving
organisational goal and objectives. It is process which refers to shared the value, attitude, habits
and belief of customers. Marks & Spencer manager developing positive working environment in
order to improving performance of employees.
Team work-: It includes company managers focusing team members in order to
performed the business operations effectively and efficiently on that basis achieving organisation
goal and objectives. It is process which result as developing new strategies in order to enhancing
profitability and productivity of company (Meinhold, 2017). In reference of organisation, it
includes developing team spirit among the existing members which result as work accomplished
within specific period of time.

Hence, it includes various factor which result as achieving organisation goal and
objectives in order to sustain for longer period of time. It involves utilising various tools and
techniques which result as developing new innovative products and services due to gaining
competitive advantages.
Explain 4P's of innovation and use of innovation funnel.
Innovation is process which refers to various products and services in order to developing
new products and services in order to achieving organisation goal and objectives. It involves
various tools and techniques which result as successful gaining competitive advantages. The 4P's
of innovation which effectively and efficiently implementing in order to sustain longer period of
time. In relevance of organisation, it includes various 4P's such as paradigm, position, product
and process so which are discussed below.
Paradigm-: It is first element which refers to various tools and techniques determined in
order to improving effectiveness of organisation as well as enhancing profitability and
productivity of company (Nepelski, 2019). It includes organisation utilising this tool which
refers to making new innovation in products and services.
Product-: Innovative product is process which refers to satisfy the needs and wants of
customers. It includes developing innovative products and services such as attracting large
numbers of customers as well as enhancing customers base. In relevance of organisation, it is
process which refers to analysis the needs and wants of customers accordingly providing
products and services so it helps to enhancing large numbers of customers.
Position-: It includes organisation developing their brand image in the mind of customers
as well as fulfilling the needs of customers. In context of Marks & Spencer, it involves launching
new products and services which result as targeting new customers in order to increasing sales
revenue. It is essential for organisation which result as analysing the external environment in
order to developing new innovative products and services.
Process-: Management of top level of management which utilising effective process in
order to attracting large numbers of customers (OECD., 2018). It includes organisation
effectively adapting manufacturing process which result as developing new products and
services as well as Marks & Spencer utilising online channels and offline channels in order to
products and services easily reached to customers.

Describe the innovation funnel and frugal innovation within the organisation context.
Innovation funnel
Innovation funnel which refers to organisation utilising effectively and efficiently in
order to developing new products and services which result as achieving organisation goal and
objectives. In context of organisation, it is process which refers to constant flow of information
in unique manner so that information and ideas implemented effectively in order to launching
new products and services. It includes organisation using new method and ideas which result as
achieving success for longer period of time. There are three major stages which are discussed
below.
Investigation-: It is the first stage which refers to organisation investigation in order to
analysing market condition and situation which result as achieving organisational goal and
objectives (Havenvid, 2017). It is tools and techniques in order to analysing macro-environment
which result as developing new innovative products and services. In context of organisation, it
includes organisation conducting market research in order to analysing condition and situation
which result as accordingly serves the product and services.
Development-: It is second step of funnel investigation which includes targeting new
market segment in order to launching new products and services. In relevance of organisation, it
considered as investigated in existing market and making changes in existing products and
services which refers to gaining competitive advantages.
Product delivery-: It is last stage which refers to innovation funnel which including
development in final products and then launched at market place. It includes overall growth and
success depends of an organisation in order to launching innovative products and services. In
context of Marks & Spencer, it includes new products and services which are launched at market
place.
Frugal innovation
Frugal innovation is concept which refers to analysing the cost and difficult procedure of
production and product so reducing unnecessary activities in order to production process as well
as save cost and enhancing profit for an organisation. It includes organisation utilising various
tools and techniques in order to reducing cost of manufacturing process which result as positive
output (Lahikainen, 2016). Frugal innovation is utilised by Marks & Spencer in order to making
changes and improvements in products and services. They launching new fashion trend in order

to launching new products and services for customers. For example, Samsung 1 plus used as
frugal innovation concept which refers to enhancing profitability and productivity of companion
as well as providing best value offered for customers. This kinds of innovation long lasting and
durable and sustain in longer period of time and improving performance of organisation. There
are various principal which are discussed below.
Idea generation-: It is first stage which refers to new idea is generated from different
source of innovation on that basis organisation formulating strategies and developing in products
and services (Lin, 2018). In relevance of organisation, it launching new innovative products and
services which refers to attracting large numbers of customers.
Feasibility-: It is second step of frugal innovation which refers to organisation utilising
various tools and techniques in order to analysing the external environment in order to feasibility
to launching new products and services.
Capability-: It is process which refers to organisation using various ability and capability
in order to effectively utilisation products and services.
Launch-: It is step which refers to products and services launching for new customer
base.
Examine commercialisation funnel & developed new product development.
Commercial funnel is process which refers to targeting new market in order to attracting
large numbers of customers. It includes utilisation various distribution network which refers to
products and services easily reached for consumer and accordingly serves the best products and
service for customers (Liu, 2017). In relevance of Marks & Spencer, it developing new products
and digital transformation so it helps to attracting large numbers of customers as well as
enchaining profitability and productivity of company.
New product development process
It is effective process which utilising most of organisation in order to launching goods
and services which refers to targeting new customer base. In relevance of organisation, it
includes new product development process which are discussed below.
Idea generation-: Marks & Spencer generating new idea regarding new product such as
instant soup because they are dealing in food segment so launching instant soup in various
flavour.

Screening-: Organisation screening this idea in order to conducting market research such
as know about the taste, preferences and market trends.
Development concept-: It includes products on development stage so they are testing on
different area such as designing and many others.
Marketing strategies-: It is stage which refers to organisation developing new strategies
in order to promote the products and services. Marks & Spencer manger focusing on various
strategy which result as enhancing customer base.
Business analysis-: It includes Marks & Spencer launching instant soup which refers to
acceptance from higher authority of organisation.
Development-: It is process which refers to after launching new idea so testing product
and then developing (Yordanova, 2018).
Test marketing-: In this stage which refers to organisation conducting testing of the
instant soup in order to launching new marketplace.
Commercialisation-: It is last stage which refers to final products is launching in market
place for attracting large numbers of customers.
Hence, it includes this new product development for an organisation which refers to
attracting large numbers of customer such as enhancing profitability and productivity of
company. Marks & Spencer launching new products such as Instant soup which are targeting for
health conscious person.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that, it includes organisation focusing on
innovation and developing various products and services which result as attracting large
numbers of customers. It involves inventions and innovation and sources of innovation which
most of organisation utilising in order to formulating new strategies. It includes organisation
using 4P 's of innovation as well as funnel and frugal innovation effectively adapting by
organisation in order to increasing customer base. Organisation launching new product such
instant soup for targeting health conscious people so accordingly new product development
process.

REFERENCES
The Books and Journals
Ardito, L., 2018. Markets for university inventions: the role of patents' underlying knowledge in
university-to-industry technology commercialisation. International Journal of
Technology Management, 78(1-2), pp.9-27.
Brown, R., 2016. Mission impossible? Entrepreneurial universities and peripheral regional
innovation systems. Industry and innovation, 23(2), pp.189-205.
Caldecott, B., 2017. Introduction to special issue: stranded assets and the environment.
Eslamloo, F., 2017. How start-up accelerators facilitate innovation.
Farid, S., 2016. Cell therapy manufacturing strategies: Impact on cost of goods, cost of
development and commercialisation.
Fittler, D., 2018. Commercialisation and not-for-profits. Governance Directions, 70(2), p.64.
Guimon, J., 2017. Policies to promote science-industry links and technology commercialisation
in emerging countries: the case of Kazakhstan's Technology Commercialization
Project. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and
Development, 9(1), pp.1-16.
Havenvid, M.I., 2017. 6 Starting Up from Science: The Case of a University-Organised
Commercialisation Project. In Starting Up in Business Networks (pp. 171-198). Palgrave
Macmillan, London.
Lahikainen, K., 2016, September. Describing the Emergence of Interaction Mechanisms Within
an Innovation Ecosystem. In Proceedings of The 11th European Conference on
Innovation and Entrepreneurship 15-16 September 2016 (p. 453).
Lin, S., 2018. The structural characteristics of innovation ecosystem: a fashion case. European
Journal of Innovation Management.
Liu, J., 2017. Big Data Strategies in an Open Innovation Context.
Meinhold, K., 2017. Enhancing food security and promoting rural development through
commercialisation of food products stemming from underutilized resources–the example
of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in Southern and Eastern Africa. Ressourcen-Wissen,
p.82.
Nepelski, D., 2019. How to facilitate digital innovation in Europe. Intereconomics, 54(1), pp.47-
52.
OECD., K., 2018. OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2018. OECD Publishing.
Yordanova, Z.B., 2018. Innovation project tool for outlining innovation projects. International
Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 16(1), pp.63-78.