Sustainable Innovation and Business Models

This assignment examines the intersection of sustainable innovation and business model development, particularly within the context of renewable energy. It requires an in-depth analysis of how companies are adopting new strategies to integrate sustainability into their core operations. Students will evaluate case studies of businesses implementing innovative models for sustainable energy and discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with these approaches.

Running Head: Innovation
Nokia corporation
Innovation and Sustainable Development

Innovation 1
Executive Summary
Nokia Corporation is a consumer electronic goods manufacturing organization and founded in
1865 and its headquarters are situated in Espoo, Uusimaa. In 2016, it stood on the 415th position
in terms of revenues and they appointed 101,000 employees in almost 100 countries. In 1990’s
and 2000’s, Nokia was the leading brand in terms of mobiles. They also acquired various mobile
companies in their success period; apart from that their phone’s demand gets declined due to
non-adaptation of latest technology of operating systems of mobile phones. Samsung Company
which is the biggest and primary competitor of Nokia Corporation in almost all parts of the
globe, they introduces Android operating system in their phones to beat Nokia’s market. As
Android operating system is quite impressive and with this effect, Nokia was using Symbian
operating system which was quite slow in terms of Android operating system. Nokia has adopted
various methods for improving their phones but after introduction of smart phones with Android
operating system, their phones’ value and demand gets declined. This affected the market
presence of the Nokia in consumer electronic goods and to enhance their image in the global
market, they have now adopted the latest operating system for their phones in order to uplift their
market image in the global market. In order to perform this function, organization has adopted
the latest innovation in their phones. With the effect of adaptation of the latest operating system
in the smartphones, issues solved by the innovation, benefits of the innovation, strategic response
of the innovation and the project analysis will also be covered under this report to determine the
effectiveness of the innovation adopted by the Nokia Corporation.
Additionally, Nokia has planned to include the feature of face detection unlock pattern in their
smart phones. This will help its users to keep their stuff safe and secure in the phones. Including

Innovation 2
this feature will help the Nokia Corporation in enhancing the demand of its phones in the market.
This feature will also help the organization gain some competitive advantage across the global
market. As this feature is not yet being introduced by any mobile manufacturing company,
hence; it will be beneficial for the organization to attain some competitive advantage as well to
gain their lost image in the global market. Through this feature, users will be able to keep their
phone safe because this phone will get unlocked with the scanning of registered in the phone
only. Until the phone didn’t recognise the face registered, phone cannot be unlocked.

Innovation 3
Table of Contents
1.0 Part 1 Problem...........................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................4
1.2 Definition of the Problem......................................................................................................4
1.3 Evidence of the Problem........................................................................................................4
1.4 Timing Considerations...........................................................................................................5
1.5 Considerations........................................................................................................................5
2.0 Part 2 Benefits............................................................................................................................7
2.1 Benefits to be delivered..........................................................................................................7
2.2 Importance of Benefits to Government..................................................................................8
2.3 Evidence of benefit................................................................................................................8
2.4 Interdependencies...................................................................................................................8
3.0 Part 3 Strategic Response........................................................................................................10
3.1 Method and Criteria.............................................................................................................10
3.2.1 Strategic Interventions......................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Strategic Options...............................................................................................................10
3.3 Strategic Recommended Options.........................................................................................11
4.0 Part 4 Project option Analysis.................................................................................................13
4.1 Project Options Considered.................................................................................................13

Innovation 4
4.2 Stakeholder Identification and Consultation........................................................................13
4.3 Social Impacts......................................................................................................................14
4.4 Economic Aspects................................................................................................................14
4.5 Cost Benefit Analysis...........................................................................................................15
4.6 Financial Analysis................................................................................................................15
4.8 Risk Comparison..................................................................................................................15
5.0 Recommendations....................................................................................................................17
6.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................18
7.0 References................................................................................................................................19

Innovation 5
1.0 Part 1 Problem
1.1 Background
The new and unique feature introduced by Nokia Corporation in their smartphones will help
them to attain the more consumers get attracted towards it while it will also help the organization
to solve various types of issues to its users. Apart from the new feature introduced in its
smartphones by Nokia, they have also adopted the latest technology which is Android operating
system which enhances the phones’ performance as well a better experience is provided to its
users (Beelen, et. al., 2014). Following are some of the issues which will be resolved with the
help of the innovative feature included in the Nokia’s smartphones as well as the latest operating
system technique adopted by them:
1.2 Definition of the Problem
The issue which breaks the rhythm of performing the task or with the effect of issue,
organization or consumers are unable to perform its activities are known as problem. In the
context of smartphone, expectations of consumers are increasing rapidly and in order to fulfil
those requirements and to fix the issues faced by the consumers, organization adopts the idea of
invention.
1.3 Evidence of the Problem
 For instance, user has secret and confidential information in his phone and the he has
locked his phone through password or with any pattern lock. This can be easily traceable
and can be hacked effortlessly, hence; secret information could be leaked easily. To
improve the privacy of the user in terms of smart phones, Nokia has introduced face

Innovation 6
detection unlock pattern and with the help of this, till the time phone will not recognise
the authorised user’s face, phone will not get unlocked. Hence, dripping of secret or any
information is impossible (Boons, et. al., 2013).
 The feature of face detection will improve the feasibility because it is observed and
reviewed that smart phone users have faced forgot password issues a lot and in this
situation, they need to consult the service centre in order to reset the password. But in the
scenario of face detection unlock pattern by Nokia Corporation to unlock the phone,
forgot password issue will not be faced by its users (Cañeque & Hart, 2015).
 If someone tried to unlock the phone without the owner’s permission, the phone will
record the data of the particular person and that information will help the user to identify
the suspicious person who tried to unlock the phone without user’s permit (Cole, et. al.,
2013).
1.4 Timing Considerations
Apart from these major issues, the feature invented by the Nokia Corporation in their
smartphones will help its users to resolve various types of issues as well as it will also enhance
the experience of using smart phones to its users. Nokia Corporation would be able to enhance
their market position in the competitive business environment and it will also enhance the
organization’s performance in terms of increasing the productivity as well as the innovation will
also help the organization to gain its competitive advantage in the global market (Dentchev, et.
al., 2016).

Innovation 7
1.5 Considerations
The innovation launched by the organization is quite impressive and this will help the consumers
to resolve their various types of issues. Enhancement in the security features will be the greatest
achievement of this innovation. Nokia Corporation should take the copyrights and the patents on
the innovation developed by them. This will help them to gain the competitive advantage and in
the scenario, when some other wishes to use the same innovation, they need to take the
permission from the Nokia Corporation first.

Innovation 8
2.0 Part 2 Benefits
There are number of benefits available to the users of smartphones and to the mobile
manufacturing companies (Grant, 2016). Following are the top innovations which have turned
the smartphones into an intelligent and very useful device:
2.1 Benefits to be delivered
 Processor: With the introduction of Android operating system, smartphones’ processor
has also been upgraded to boost up the speed and performance of the phone. It also
enhances the experience of its users as they get the boost up performance of their phones
in comparison with the previous smartphones’ processor (Halme & Korpela, 2014).
 Displays: Mobile manufacturing companies has also enhanced the display feature of the
smartphones. In modern world, bar phones are converted into touch screen phones and
along with this, screen resolution has also been modified in order to provide better
experience to its users while playing any video, game or any other stuff (Hough &
Mattson, 2016).
 Battery: Being a smartphone and with various unique features, battery life of the phones
has also been enhanced in order to meet the customers’ expectation. Improvement in the
battery life of the smartphones has been a great advantage to its manufacturers as well as
to its consumers because it promotes its users to use the phone with adequate battery
backup (Migliori, et. al., 2014).
 Face detection unlocking system: Face detection unlocks system is the new innovation
developed by Nokia Corporation in order to enhance the security and safety to the data
stored in the smartphone. Prior to this, finger print scanning, pin lock and pattern lock

Innovation 9
was introduced. In face detection process, phone will only be unlocked with the face
recognised of the official user added in the smartphone (Richter, 2013).
2.2 Importance of Benefits to Government
Government could also adopt the innovation developed by Nokia Corporation in order to
enhance the security measures. There are number of confidential matters and information is
available with government whose leakage could leads to various issues. As most countries’
governments have also adopted the digital mediums to store their data, information, etc. And to
keep those information, certain other measures are also being adopted, hence; the face detection
measure will be quite beneficial for the organization if this would be applied in the governmental
workplace.
2.3 Evidence of benefit
Core benefits to update the features and programs of the smartphone are necessary in order to
keep constant or to increase the demand of the smartphones in its users. The unique features are
also added in the smartphones with a view to resolve the issues of the consumers. Mobile
manufacturing organization constantly research the market as well as conduct various feedback
and survey programs in relation to analyse the demand of the consumers in terms of
smartphones. The more, the smartphone will fulfil the demand of its users, the more will be the
demand (van den Ent, et. al., 2017).

Innovation 10
2.4 Interdependencies
Apart from these unique features, there are number of features are available which are adopted
by Nokia in their upcoming models in order to increase the demand of their smartphone in global
market. All the latest techniques from processor to the screen resolution, camera, sound, etc. all
are added in the upcoming models of Nokia for increasing the productivity as well as for
enhancing the performance of the organization and to gain the lost image in the consumer
electronic market (Rocha, et. al., 2016).

Innovation 11
3.0 Part 3 Strategic Response
3.1 Method and Criteria
This is the procedure to analyse the effectiveness of the plan introduced in the global market in
order to increase the demand and to build effective market image. In relation with smartphones,
dummy models are launched in order to provide the user imaginary feel of the phone. These are
also launched in order to test the importance of the features introduced in the smartphone to its
users. Under this plan, advertisement and the promotional techniques are also adopted. These are
useful in spreading awareness in relation to the new product launched by the company. Nokia
Corporation needs to use this feature adequately with a view to spread the awareness of the new
smartphone launched through unique advertisement and promotional techniques and the
techniques are also useful in the process of spreading awareness in the consumers of various
parts of the globe (Zailani, et. al., 2015).
3.2.1 Strategic Interventions
Promoting the new products includes various techniques and the trending techniques of
advertisement are print medium and the electronic medium. Print medium of advertisement
includes advertisement through newspapers, pamphlets, board hoardings, displays shows, etc.
These are also known as traditional form of promotional techniques which can be used to
promote the new products launched and to introduce a new business outlet in the domestic as
well as international market (Page, 2015).

Innovation 12
3.2.2 Strategic Options
Apart from the print medium of advertisement, electronic medium of promotion of new products
are launched exists. Under this term, organization is able to aware the public in large number in
relevance with new product or business launched in the international market. This medium is bit
costly but it also helpful in covering large number of public in relation to the spreading
awareness in relation with the products. Nokia Corporation is using both these techniques with
highlighting the two main features included in their smartphones i.e. face detection feature which
will increase the security of the smartphone as well as the adaptation of latest operating system
used in their smartphones. Along with these two unique features, organization is has also added
some attractive features which has enhanced their phone’s performance (Boons & Lüdeke-
Freund, 2013).
3.3 Strategic Recommended Options
Apart from these techniques for promoting the new smartphone, Nokia could also use the
technique of display shows, sponsorship of an event, etc. These are very trending these days as
well as result oriented also. Nokia Corporation needs to adopt some more attractive strategies
which could be helpful in generating curiosity in the customers’ mind in relation with the
smartphones launching in the global market after a long period. Launching trailer of the
smartphone, description in relevance with the new features added, display size and its result, etc.
can be included in the strategic plan for introducing the smartphone in the global market (Huang,
et. al., 2016).
As Nokia Corporation is retaliation in the mobile industry after a period, they need to adopt and
follow a set of strategies in terms of successful leaching of their phones in the international

Innovation 13
market. Along with this, Nokia Corporation could also utilize the latest advertisement and
promotional techniques as per the market conditions. Display shows, sponsorships of crucial
events and electronic media needs to be followed strictly in relevance with retaliation in the
consumer electronic market.

Innovation 14
4.0 Part 4 Project option Analysis
Project option analysis is the selection technique of the suitable technique in relation with the
promotion of the new product launched by the organization and the particular strategy needs to
consider policies, rules and regulations built up by the management as well as well as the
external stakeholders.
4.1 Project Options Considered
This process is conducted with the view to analyse the effectiveness of the project as well as it
also helps to avoid the disturbance in the performance of the organization. For instance, an
organization is involved in the manufacturing and distribution of alcoholic drinks in the United
States of America and now there are planning to expand their business in international market
and they have chosen India as their preferred option. Hence, that particular organization needs to
take permission from the Indian government in relevance with trading of alcoholic drinks in
India. This includes rules, regulations, tax system, etc. Along with this, appropriate
documentation is also needs to be followed by the organization in order to meet the core
objectives of the organization (Zou, et. al., 2017).
4.2 Stakeholder Identification and Consultation
According to this, Nokia Corporation needs to follow all the policies of all countries in which
they are planning to launch their new smartphones with unique features. Apart from this,
organization needs to take copyrights from its primary competitors in order to remove the
glitches in the trading activities of the organization. Under project option analysis, Nokia
Corporation needs analyse the effectiveness of each and every available option in terms of

Innovation 15
entering into consumer electronic goods. In the same, some points from the company’s
perception needs to be considered as well. Amongst the requirement of the company, the initial
objective of the organization is matching the product’s quality set up by the management of the
organization. Quality measures are built up in order to maintain the safety to the users while
using smartphones (Smith, et. al., 2014).
4.3 Social Impacts
In these days, most of the mobile manufacturing companies have given contracts to the China in
relation to reduce the cost of production. Hence, safety, quality as well as other requirements
needs to be clearly mentioned in the contract and those should be tested while receiving the order
from the contractor. Apart from checking the quality measures, CBA analysis could also be used.
This analysis includes various platforms through which effectiveness of the selected technique is
measured. Comparing Net Present Value (NPV) and the internal rate of return are the major
terms which are measured under CBA analysis to measure the effectiveness of the appropriate
plan.
4.4 Economic Aspects
In these days, most of the mobile manufacturing companies have given contracts to the China in
relation to reduce the cost of production. Hence, safety, quality as well as other requirements
needs to be clearly mentioned in the contract and those should be tested while receiving the order
from the contractor. Apart from checking the quality measures, CBA analysis could also be used.
This analysis includes various platforms through which effectiveness of the selected technique is
measured. Comparing Net Present Value (NPV) and the internal rate of return are the major

Innovation 16
terms which are measured under CBA analysis to measure the effectiveness of the appropriate
plan.
Apart from the above analyses, there are other measures are also available through which
organization is able to select the most appropriate technique. Multi-criteria analysis is another a
crucial aspect through which organization could determine all the subjects such as features, result
of their phone, performance, etc. could be evaluated combine. Cost-effectiveness is also a good
option through which project’s importance could also be measured in order to attain the goals
and the objectives of the organization (Schmidt & Huenteler, 2016).
4.5 Cost Benefit Analysis
In order to attain the cost benefit analysis, organization needs to adopt some adequate strategies
through which they could be able to cut unnecessary costs of the production. Such effective
techniques are cost-effectiveness technique. In these types of strategies, organization is able to
settle the unnecessary costs incurred for the production (Smith, et. al., 2014).
4.6 Financial Analysis
The capital incurred for the production of the innovation will be incurred from the analysis done
by the management. As Nokia Corporation is not doing business since a long period of time,
their goodwill in the consumer electronic goods market has also been reduced. In order to raise
their goodwill, organization needs to adopt certain measures through which appropriate funds
could be raised for introducing the effective innovation done by the research and development
department of the organization. Nokia Corporation could raise the funds through issuing public
shares, taking loans and the advances, etc. (Zailani, et. al., 2015).

Innovation 17
4.8 Risk Comparison
Major risk factor for the organization will be the aggressive competitive strategies used by their
primary competitors. Nokia needs to adopt certain qualitative strategies through which they
could be able to gain their lost position in the consumer electronic goods again (Zou, et. al.,
2017).
For the same reason, they will develop aggressive and competitive type of strategies to beat its
competitors and for this, market research analysis would be quite beneficial, hence; that task
should be regulated in an appropriate manner to understand the strategies used by its
competitors.

Innovation 18
5.0 Recommendations
From the above analysis, it is observed that the mobile manufacturing and designing companies
needs to introduce new and advanced features in order to enhance the performance of the phones
as well as to increase the effectiveness of the same. In the scenario of Nokia Corporation, they
are recommended to adopt all those techniques which will help the organization to develop its
separate image in the competitive market. Nokia Corporation requires adaptation of those
strategies which could help them to establish unique market presence in order to achieve desired
goals and to attain lost position in the consumer electronic goods market. Adaptation of adequate
promotional and the advertisement strategies are also necessary for the Nokia Corporation in
order to retaliation of the organization.

Innovation 19
6.0 Conclusion
It has been concluded from the above analysis that Nokia Corporation needs to adopt some
effective and adequate strategies in order to develop their distinctive image in the competitive
market. Apart from this, organization is also required to adopt some effective strategies in
relation with the promotion and the advertisement of the products. Nokia Corporation’s
products’ demand is not adequate hence; they lost their market presence in the mobile
manufacturing companies. To manage the adequate resources of the organization in an adequate
manner, all the strategies and the methods needs to evaluated in such a manner that could
develop and able to gain some competitive advantage.

Innovation 20
7.0 References
Beelen, R., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Stafoggia, M., Andersen, Z. J., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B.,
& Vineis, P. (2014). Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause
mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE
project. The Lancet, 383(9919), 785-795.
Boons, F., & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-
the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 9-19.
Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., & Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business
models and economic performance: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 1-
8.
Cañeque, F. C., & Hart, S. L. (Eds.). (2015). Base of the Pyramid 3.0: Sustainable development
through innovation and entrepreneurship. Greenleaf Publishing.
Cole, J. R., Wang, Q., Fish, J. A., Chai, B., McGarrell, D. M., Sun, Y. & Tiedje, J. M. (2013).
Ribosomal Database Project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis. Nucleic
acids research, 42(D1), D633-D642.
Dentchev, N., Baumgartner, R., Dieleman, H., Jóhannsdóttir, L., Jonker, J., Nyberg, T. & van
Hoof, B. (2016). Embracing the variety of sustainable business models: social
entrepreneurship, corporate intrapreneurship, creativity, innovation, and other
approaches to sustainability challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 113.

Innovation 21
Eadie, R., Browne, M., Odeyinka, H., McKeown, C., & McNiff, S. (2013). BIM implementation
throughout the UK construction project lifecycle: An analysis. Automation in
Construction, 36, 145-151.
Grant, R. M. (2016). Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley & Sons.
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small and medium‐sized enterprises: a resource perspective. Business Strategy and the
Environment, 23(8), 547-566.
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Benefits, and Innovations. TR News, (303).
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Innovation 22
Rocha, C., Duclos, L. C., Veiga, C. P., Bischof-Dos-Santos, C., & Neves, N. A. F. (2016). The
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technology deployment policies in developing countries. Global Environmental
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Smith, A., Kern, F., Raven, R., & Verhees, B. (2014). Spaces for sustainable innovation: Solar
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van den Ent, M. M., Swift, R. D., Anaokar, S., Hegg, L. A., Eggers, R., & Cochi, S. L. (2017).
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innovation, and transition in China's solar photovoltaic (PV) industry: A critical
review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, 197-206.