Perovskite Solar Cell Commercialization Strategy

This assignment delves into the commercialization potential of planar perovskite solar cells, drawing insights from recent research on synthetic approaches (Khan et al., 2015), stability in humid air (Song et al., 2016), and thermodynamic stability of bismuth-based lead-free double perovskites (Xiao et al., 2016). It also explores the innovation funnel process for bringing ideas to life (Online, 2017) and examines university-industry technology transfer models pre- and post-Bayh-Dole Act (Mowery et al., 2015), as well as Russian practices of commercializing innovations (Novikova, 2015). The assignment aims to develop a comprehensive strategy for successfully commercializing perovskite solar cell technologies.

Innovation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Innovation and its importance to employees.........................................................................1
P2 Use of organisational vision, leadership, culture and team work can shape innovation and
commercialisation.......................................................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P3 4P's of innovation and the use of innovation funnel in shaping the organisation..................3
P4 Use of frugal innovation........................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P5 Importance of commercial funnel .........................................................................................6
P6 Building an innovation case in relation to access funding.....................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P7 Use of various tools in relation to retain and protect knowledge and intellectual property . 9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The term innovation means introducing some new ideas, products or altered methods at
market. This approach is helpful for any business entity because with the help of this method
company can launch their new products in the market. This is completely different from
invention which means to invent something new (Aryal and et. al., 2016). Innovation can take
place at existing product or goods but invention is taking place for the new purpose and product.
This assignment is all about O2 which is a largest telecom company at UK who provide all type
of internet services to their users. This report is all about innovations and inventions of a
company by using the case study of apple and virgin mobile. Also, there are various forms of
innovations taking place in a business organisation which company have to follow in an effective
manner. Moreover, company have to follow adequate steps in the field of commercialising their
business by using concept of innovation. Further innovation means new idea generation in
existing things by adding some more features into that so it has several number of advantages
and features which a company have to evaluate properly.
TASK 1
P1 Innovation and its importance to employees
Innovation means changing and adding some new and more features in existing products.
This term is completely differing from the invention because invention is for the new product or
creating something new. As per the O2 company reference their innovation can take place by
providing more quality services to their users. In this context, company introduce something new
at market which is in the form of 4G services (Breznitz and Etzkowitz, 2016). This is very
important for the reference organisation employees because it leads to improvement in their
skills and working pattern. Impact of innovation on employees of O2 are as follow:
1. Increase their thinking pattern by identify more and more solutions of crucial problems.
2. Thinking criteria get expanded by identifying better ways for dealing with challenges.
3. By more and more creative thinking management can reduce the chances of conflicts in
an organisation.
4. Lead to change in their skills by accepting the change of business environment.
Hence as per all these things it gets identified that innovation enable an organisation to grow and
expand their business (Chun and et. al., 2015). Employees of O2 become able to deal with any
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situation and work on problems which might get suffer by them at workplace. Also, management
lead to adopt such strategies through which they can provide quality services to their users. A
basic comparison between innovation and invention is as below in the context of virgin mobile
and apple products.
Innovation Invention
Innovation signifies the changes by a company
in their existing product or service. Apple
changed their iPod models according to
requirement of time which is consider as their
innovation.
Invention is creating and designing some new
products or service at market. According to
case study of apple their invention is all about
the iPod which they invented in year 2001.
Innovation is spread all over the organisation
hence it is not limited to particular department.
Now whole Apple organisation is working on
this thing.
The major division behind every innovation is
R&D department. Hence, Research and
development department of apple plays an
crucial role behind its invention.
Changing in quality or services which is
provided by a company is consider as their
innovation. Apple just add few more services
once they implement their new invention.
Invention is occurrence of idea or product
which has never been made before. iPod is a
new invention earlier that people used Mp3
players for music.
P2 Use of organisational vision, leadership, culture and team work can shape innovation and
commercialisation
Leadership is a quality of an individual under which a person leads or direct a team for a
particular goal and objective which company want to attain in minimum time bound. A clear
vision has to be formulate by authority so that all employees can work towards that in a
significant manner (Datta, Mukherjee and Jessup, 2015). Culture is defining as the framework on
which whole entity is commenced their business properly. Team work is helpful at workplace for
achieve a common goals and target which is formulate by top authority. All these things are
helpful for the O2 mobile company in shaping their new innovation and commercialise it.
Leader of O2 have to use appropriate methods through which they can create a feeling of
respo0nsiblity in their employees so that they work properly. Also, it is a moral duty of a leader
to reduce the chances of conflicts between each other. By creating a healthy and friendly
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environment at workplace a perfect team get framed. Team work enable a company to attain all
of their targets in a specified time with support of each and every individual cooperation.
As per the case study of Apple and Virgin mobile group their leaders always get
motivated for a particular idea and support their team in attain all targets in a specified time
period (Dutta and Folta, 2016). Steve job is a founder of apple group who invent a new product
at market which is never seen before by any one. Apple iPod is one of best invention and this get
commercialise with assistance of proper team work and positive attitude of their leader which
signifies that product is going to be succeed in near future. They have a clear vision and mission
about their invention in which they just to complete their project at any cost (Ge and et. al.,
2016).
Virgin group is now considering as one of a largest investment venture and their leader
also have a positive attitude towards their working. In this context, they use variety number of
tools and techniques for their commercialisation. In 1970, it was just a simple publishing venture
but the reason behind their success is their entrepreneurial efforts and team work with proper
coordination.
As by analysing the case study of above mention groups it gets identified that for shaping
a perfect innovation vision, leadership, culture of a company and team work enable an
organisation to attain all targets in a specified time period.
TASK 2
P3 4P's of innovation and the use of innovation funnel in shaping the organisation
For an organisation it is essential for them to innovate their product according to
requirement of time through which they can satisfy their users in an ethical manner. Generally
this enable a firm to ahead one step towards development and attain most market share by which
they can gain maximum profit. For making the product more attractive and appropriate
management have to use various tools through which they can add on some more features into
that. O2 have to work in this context, by using various methods for this scenario. In this prospect,
management of O2 have to use 4p's of innovation in making their product more attractive:
1. Product →In simple terms, it is a good or a thing which is offer by a company to their
number of users. This aid in satisfying customer of a product. Reference company want
to introduce a new facility at market which is in the form of 4G services to all of their
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users. If their services lead to satisfy their users then it is consider as one of a best
innovation by a company (Hossain, 2015).
2. Process →It is a stage on which product which is offered by a company start getting
producing. For this context, there are variety number of resources are used by a company
for producing their product and services. Such sort of resources are human resource,
technical and the major thing which is finance. O2 want to introduce 4g services at
market and for that they require high skills employees which have specialised knowledge
as well as huge funds.
3. Position → It is same as the promotion, for any product or service its promotion is must.
O2 mobile have to use appropriate strategy through which they can promote their
products at target market. For example, Reliance give free internet service to their users
for 6 months. This is consider as their strategy through which company can promote their
service to keen market.
4. Paradigm → According to this thing, paradigm is consider as the new features and
additional things which are going to be add on in a product or service. O2 have to add on
some more features in their internet services hence they are already deal in internet
services market now they just upgrade that.
Innovative funnel is consider as the topic in which company can introduce new product at market
according to trends which are commenced at market world (Ke and et. al., 2015). It is also
consider as evaluation of alternatives and choose the best one for implementation. Out of all
innovation, one of a best choose by a company through which they can sustain at world for long
term. Not only its evaluation is must but its commercialisation is also essential. This concept is
helpful for developing a new product at market place which lead to satisfy users needs and
demands most. O2 mobile have to use this technique in which from variety number of ideas they
have to choose best one.
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(Sources: Innovation Funnel)
P4 Use of frugal innovation
Development with time is an essential thing for every company. Management have to
adopt appropriate steps in the stage of innovation and invention. There are mainly two types of
innovation: Frugal and Funnel (Ke and et. al., 2016).
Funnel innovation is taking place at the time when a new product is going to be launched
at market with some more and additional features into it by considering the best modification.
Frugal innovation is when, company reduce the complexity from products at the time of
production. This innovation is appropriate in the stream of car and phone. As a telecom
company, O2 is a largest telecommunication company which provides quality feature service to
their users.
In developing countries company, innovation is must. O2 have to improve their services
by providing better connectivity in their network. This lead to make their users more satisfied for
product (Khan and et. al., 2015).
As by considering the example of Apple and Virgin group, in both companies innovation
take place more rapidly than others but for this process it takes lot of time. Steve jobs thinks that
once the task has been started then it should have to get finished. As per his this statement, Apple
launch a music player in which more than 1000 songs can be stored at a time. For this, company
can use commercialisation scheme as well as they introduce some additional features in their
product.
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Illustration 1: Innovation funnel, 2017

As per Virgin group which is was a simple publishing venture, then later become as one
of a largest company in investment sector. They introduce much products for their own and they
start expand their business at entertainment sector also. They deal with mobiles, internet facilities
and much more. Hence, for them frugal innovation of such company is there additional services
to target users (Koirala and et. al., 2016).
TASK 3
P5 Importance of commercial funnel
Commercial funnel is called as the context in which company can develop their product
at market and expand the production line of a company. The major aim of any company is to sale
out their products in large quantity as well as attain so much profit for their better development
and growth. In this scenario, company have to use various techniques through which they can
sale out their products at target market. This perspective is used just for the NPD which enable in
attracting large range of consumers. O2 have to consider this approach in their account for
getting the benefit and gain competitive advantage. Following are some of the stages which are
helpful in the new product development at market world which are as follow:
Idea generation involves searching of new ideas by using innovative skills which are helpful in
developing products in effective ways so as to increase sales. Identifying related areas which are
affected by product development.
 Idea screening refer to as process of choosing one of a best out of many thoughts. In this
process the best one get adopted by company so that plan get executed in a systematic
manner (Kolychev and Prokhorov, 2015).
 After the idea get screened the next step is to developed that in an appropriate manner and
test it on some number of users. O2 can use this factor by providing free internet for some
number of months or week.
 Product development is a stage under which company originate such goods and services
which they lead to offer to consumers. For this they have to prepare such services which
lead to satisfy their users requirement.
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 Marketing testing is refer to as the process through which company going to serve their
products to target users. By this, organisation can signifies the quality of their products to
users (Mowery and et. al., 2015).
 O2 have to make effective policies and procedures for selling their products. This aid
them in make the products available to each sort of groups.
 Launching of a product is a process under which company lead to sale their products
directly to users. This enable them in serving products directly to users and company can
attain maximum profit.
Moreover, Virgin and Apple have to use certain steps at the time when they are dealing
with new products. Apple can use this approach at the time of their iPod so that target number of
customer base can be attain by them. In this context, management have to use appropriate steps
through which product of a company can introduce in front of users. Hence, this approach is
helpful for them in sustain at market for long term.
P6 Building an innovation case in relation to access funding
Innovation is a process under which company use various number of steps for their own
in adding more and more features to their product. This terminology is helpful for them in make
their existing product more attractive. By using this concept, firm is going to attain maximum
market share which provides a support in their survival. Business case is consider as a plan
which is helpful for an organisation in setting and attain maximum number of users. O2 have to
use this method for their new innovative service at market. Moreover, for that they require some
amount of fund for that also (Novikova, 2015).
Mission statement: It is a written statement in which purpose of being in existence of a company
described. This is helpful for the stakeholders or investors who are going to lend their money to
company just for the interest of profit sharing. This is helpful for creating an awareness about
company and signifies the ethics of an organisation properly. O2 want to provide quality services
to their users and reduce the chances of inconvenience. They have to clear state about everything
which is related to their plan.
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Statement of proposal: By consulting this approach company find out the ways through which
they gather information from market. By using this method company going to collect such data
which is helpful for them in serving services to users. O2 have to investigate appropriate
information about their number of users which are using internet services of their company and
have to prepare their rates according to that.
Types of innovation:
Incremental: This innovation is signifies the small changes which are taking place in an existing
products. Company can consider this thing and helpful for them because it does not indulge so
much cost. But as per present company, they have to improve their existing service as well as
their new service of 4g also (Sharifian, 2015).
Disruptive: This form of innovation took place in existing market as well as new market also. If
company wants to increase their profit then they have to launch their product at new market. O2
have to apply this form of innovation through which they can expand their business.
For all such things, management require some amount of funds for their product
development. In this prospective, they have to use various forms of funding. By using them,
company can create a platform under which they quality service get improved. The various paths
of funding are as follow:
Banks: One of a major source through which company can arrange their fund is banks. They are
the best source of funding. But for this, management have to give some amount of things to bank
on the behalf of money. If an organisation failed to meet with obligations then they have to suffer
heavy loss of their brand image (Song and et. al., 2016).
Investors: Person who invest money into business known as investors. They lend some amount
of money and take some amount of profit on the behalf of investment. O2 can borrow some
amount of money from such parties also.
Shares: A major thing through which company can arrange their fund is shares. This is a
personal property of an entity and they can sold them out at the time of requirement.
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TASK 4
P7 Use of various tools in relation to retain and protect knowledge and intellectual property
Various tools and techniques are used by a company in retain and protect their
intellectual property of an organisation. This aid them in secure their brand image as well as
society also get enhance through that. Some of the property rights of an entity are as follow:
Patent right: According to patent right act, 1977 under which if other organisation going to use
property or material of a company then party can sue other one. O2 can use this thing on their
mark and products which they produce.
Copy right: If an individual invent something new then a person have a copy right on that
particular product.
Trade mark: This right is related to the sign and symbol of a company or a product which is
authorised from court. If any other company going to use the sign of O2 mobile then company
have a right to file case against them.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the report that innovation and invention are two different things and
their meaning get vary according to their nature. Moreover there are various types of innovation
can be use by a company in relation to expansion of business. For launching any new product,
management have to prepare a plan for that and use essential tools for that. In this context, they
have to use legislation so that if anyone will going to harm their property then they can file a
case against them. Moreover, for any product commercialisation appropriate amount of fund is
must which enable them in introduce product at market properly.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
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Online
The innovation funnel: Bringing Idea To Life. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.greenbookblog.org/2011/06/04/the-innovation-funnel-bringing-ideas-to-
life/>. [Accessed on 18th July 2017]
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