Theories, Principles and Models for Inspirational Teaching and Learning

This report explores the theories, principles and models for inspirational teaching and learning. It covers learning theories such as behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism and humanism, as well as models like pedagogy and andragogy. The report also delves into communication, assessment, curriculum development and reflection and evaluation. It includes information on individual learning preferences, competency-based learning, and assessment of learning, assessment as learning, and assessment for learning. The report concludes with a discussion of different theories of curriculum development.

THEORIES PRINCIPLES
AND MODELS TO
ACHIEVE INSPIRATIONAL
TEACHING AND
LEARNING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Task A..............................................................................................................................................3
Theories, principles and models of learning................................................................................3
1Models........................................................................................................................................4
Uses of theories model and principles ........................................................................................4
lTASK B..........................................................................................................................................5
1Theories, principle and models of communication....................................................................5
lTASK C..........................................................................................................................................6
1Theories, principles and models of assessment.........................................................................6
lTASK D..........................................................................................................................................8
lTheories and models of curriculum development......................................................................8
TASK E..........................................................................................................................................10
Theories and models of reflection and evaluation.....................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Inspirational teaching refers to quality to inspire students along with studies.
Inspirational studies encourage student to fulfil the desire goal of candidate and accomplish the
success. It is most important intangible services teachers provide to the student (Udina, 2018).
Inspirational teaching is essential to motivate the youngster and modify them inside and outside
of educational institute. The advanced level of satisfaction can be delivered by inspirational
teaching. These types of education bring felicity, inspiration, mercifulness, state of mind and
ethical values which play vital role in the life of learner as well as teacher. The present report
will shed a light on theories, principle and models of learning principal, mode of
communication, assessment, curricular development and reflation as well as evaluation.
Furthermore, this study will highlight various ways of theories and models will be applied in
order to review own practices.
MAIN BODY
Task A
Theories, principles and models of learning
Theories, principles and models play vital role in practice of education and training.
Because the good learning atmosphere can be developed as well as this considered
empowerment of student. Models of learning theories consider some elements as follows:
Behaviourism theory: the theory is originated from the Pavlov’s experiment done on dog which
state all the behaviour are knowledgeable through interaction with surroundings. This theory
discuss how student behave in classrooms and outside the classroom in order to motivate, change
or improve the lifestyle of students.
Cognitivism theory: it is learning theory which focuses on the data accepted, formed, collected,
and acquire by the brain (Niosi, 2021). This theory elaborate what manner of thinking bring
occurrence in the behaviour of that person or educates. This theory assists in encouraging the
student and evaluate the curiosity.
 Constructivism theory: this refers to the theory in which person, student or learner learn
from experience or build own knowledge instead of taking information from others. This theory

will help in exploring more about the emerging world with experience because the brain work
more actively as compare to other mode of learning.
Humanism theory: this will focus on particular human susceptibility which can be related to
creativity, personal growth and choice. It helps in determination logical ways to figure out the
human issues.
Models
Pedagogy: this approach is most common theory of practice and learning, often depict the way
or act teaching. It includes the manner teachers present the content and circulate to the
classrooms in which students depend on the teachers (PHiLLiPs, 2017). This theory carries
positive climate for learning and indicate contrary societal, political, ethical text edition.
Basically this method used to teach the children.
Androgyny: it was strike to concentrate on the practices used to teach adults. Adult education is
collaborative in which adult attend to work together. In this theory students or learner are self-
disciplined and accountable for individual learning. The student work on problems and perform
some sort of activities and carry out different personal identity, curiosity as well as self-
development.
Uses of theories model and principles
Learning theories offer structures which help in understanding the information and
knowledge provide to the learner. Every student or learner have different ability of
understanding where these models and theories work (Duchesne and McMaugh, 2018). Theories
and principle can be delivered through interruption and communication. The structure explores
the thinking of the students so the teachers and educators deliver in different ways some use
practical knowledge, theoretical information or with the help of real life examples and task to
solve. Learning theories consist of various tactics and apply on every student with different state
of mind.
Individual learning preferences.

Individual learning preferences is all about how a particular person prefer to learn the
educational modalities (Picciano, 2021). Learning style will be bifurcated into four parts which
consist visual, auditory, reading or writing and kinaesthetic elaborated below.
Visual: the learner will able to revert when the student learns with the visual representation of
charts, arrows, diagram, graphs, symbols and more. In modern era the tutors or teacher use
projectors to explain things more clearly and to make it easy.
Auditory: with the assistance of the audio teacher and mentors used to deliver the message or
provide knowledge to the students. Vocal collaboration bring communication which is more
interesting rather than other modes.
Reading and writing: this learning preferences will focus on the written words and lines. The
knowledge and information provided by the reading and writing behaviour of the student. The
context may be written on board or books. The student will read out the contact aloud in order to
understand and used to write the information point wise with the guidance of teacher. This
theory is the consequence of a procedure called brain plasticity where then skilled are acquired
by exchange of the brain idea.
Kinaesthetic: this learning preference refer to the practical knowledge or have hand on
experience (Anspoka and Kazaka, 2017). Basically it is the combination of visual, audio city and
reading as well as writing. The learner or student read the instruction ore write instruction and
work on that experiment or work physically. It is multi-sensory learning.
Learning preference
KOLB's model: this theory is based on experimental learning and observation. The information
and knowledge acquire through the research or experiments. This model works in circular
motion.
Honey and Mumford model: in this model the learning manner which is acquired by the
adoration or alteration of circumstance.
Flemings model: Visual learning, Auditory learning, Physical Learning, Social Learning are
considered as the notations of learning. The model is focused on the all the four commentary of
learning.
Gardiner model: in this model the individual learns from different task allotted to which can be
in the form of visual, auditory and many more.

TASK B
.1 Theories, principle and models of communication
Covered in power point presentation.
TASK C
.1 Theories, principles and models of assessment
.2 Principle of assessment It is the process of assessment information used by the mentors
to explore teaching strategy and by the student to adjust the learning strategies (DeLuca,
et.al.2018). It consists of different principles elaborated below;
Principle of reliability: In this principle the assessment should be reliable. The processes should
be clean and consistent for setting marking and moderation of assignments. The four types of
reliability which are the student related, ratter related, test related, test administration.
Validity: It is referred to assessment of knowledge which asses the learning objective of learner
is fulfilled. The Knowledge provided will be valid or sufficient to ensure that information is
understandable.
Currency: This refers to the information need to be checked to ensure the recent performance of
the student by the assessor.
Authenticity: It is referred to the assessment of student's own work. The information provide to
the student should be checked that the evidence is genuine or not.
Transparency: The principle of assessment refers to the assessment in which criteria will be
clear to student. It means the information provided to them should be accurate and procedure or
assessment task will be available for student, questioner or assessors.
Efficiency: In this principle assessment will be efficient for both learner and teacher. The
knowledge or the subject matter are given to student will be sampled and not excessively assess.
Sufficiency: The assessment refers to the condition in which evidence should be sufficient,
adequate, enough for the student and teacher to acquire the provided knowledge.
Developmental feedback: In this principle teacher or explainer take feedback from the learner
or student. The information deliver to the learner will be understandable or not. The feedback is
important to analysis to evaluate the performance.

Medals: This assessment principle provide the information about how well student is doing.
Medals are not marks and grades it is about the performance and points of student that shows
punctuation and paragraphs are perfect or not.
Missions: This principle of assessment refers to the subject matter which learner need to amend,
accurate and work on. It gives positive reflation for forthcoming aims. Mission reversed into
point of reference.
Competency based learning: This refers to the framework of instruction, assessment.
Competency based learning is to authorize learner focus on precious skills and knowledge
learned by own pace (Winne, 2021). This model consists of different elements which are Student
progression upon incontestable mastery. It includes expressed, measurable, transferable learning,
objective that empower the student. In this theory student focus on the specific skills. The
student passively acquires and utilize critical thinking and difficulty skills which include critical
skills of communication.
The motive of this theory to ensure that student is acquiring the knowledge and
accomplishment that are necessary to success in schools, higher education, career as well as.
This is widely used in primary and on effective level. It helps in improved clarity and
transparency or assist in shifting toward a culture of assessment. This is the foundation of
personalized learning. Competency based assessment bring down abasement and values to
course of study. There are various types of competency model as follows;
Functional competency model: It refereed to the skills to carry out the effective function in
organization. It plays vital role in performing the function in proper or appropriate manner.
Job competency model: This model consists of ability which are needed inside job or in job
role. The function of one person in an organization differ from another person in a department.
Organizational core competency model: It refers to the sets of skills or experience in several
action instead of physical and financial quality. The plan of action is strength of a company
come under organizational core competency model. This assessment model keep track on
constitutional core ability.
Non competency model: This refers to the model in which the student is not in competition
against another person. The learner or student assessed against a standardized point of reference

or bench mark. In non-competency model the student or learner gain knowledge, skills through
instruction or with the assistance of other rather than own pace.
Linkage between learning theory and assessment
In competency model the assessment will be reliable as well as transparent so it will help
in understanding the information properly. The data provided to the student or employee will be
authenticated or genuine. Efficient and sufficient assessment will decrease the misunderstanding.
With the competency model the evaluation of feedback is important to access the performance
by taking test will assist in how student is doing in order to complete the mission. Basically
mission help competency to provide accuracy in work and what to change.
Assessment of 'of', 'as’n and 'for' learning
Assessment plays vital role in the field of teaching and learning cycle, this assessment of
learning is a conceptualization which modify the collection of data and make opinion about
educate the students' achievement (Campigotto,et.al.2021). Assessment is bifurcated into three
parts: assessment of learning, assessment for learning and assessment for learning.
Assessment of learning: it is summative assessment in which teachers are responsible for the
knowledge or information delver to student is correct or not. The student and parents can
analysis that the learner completed the task. It provides information about student’s execution.
Assessment as learning: it develops and give assistance in commemorative skills of student.
Therefore, student learn or gain knowledge by their own experience and judgements which help
in become successful learner. Student will become amenable in order to gain knowledge.
Assessment for learning: this refers to the formative assessment in which teacher supervises the
knowledge provided to the learner on daily basis. Improve as well as modify the teaching tactics
to make student successful. This assessment includes feedback to make adjustment in learning.
Black and Williams: it is formative assessment for learning by Black and Williams. In this
model the learner builds their knowledge and improve them. This assessment includes review or
feedbacks on what scholar have been learned from the instructor to gain occurrence or to
intensify the learning process.

TASK D
Theories and models of curriculum development.
Curriculum development: refers to the sets of activities for the scholar to learn and
achieve the learning objectives. It is important to make or to meliorate the instruction taught in
educational institute. Different theories of curriculum development are present below:
Tyler theory- founded by Ralph Tyler in the 1940. According to Tyler whatever the student
acquire should be meaningful to the scholar and the community (Walsh, McGuinness and Sproul,
2019). The knowledge and information provided should be in proper manner to analysis what
learner is learning but to check out what modification student required in order to gain the
benefits of knowledge in curriculum.
Stenhouse theory : it is defined by Lawrence Stenhouse in 1975. According to the Stenhouse
the nature of learning is affected by the perceptiveness of the schoolroom. It is an endeavour to
transmit the necessary principle and features of educational subject matter. It describes what is
worthy to develop to learn and teach the learner and measured whatever taught to educate.
Dewey's theory- the founder john Dewey believed that the teacher of the organization should
not pressurize the student or learner to obtain knowledge. The scholar must adopt thing through
the atmosphere or surroundings (Suedfeld, P., 2017). Same as teacher should add extra efforts to
tech the student. According to this theory student need to interact to explore the knowledge,
concepts, ideas. The student must develop their own interest and modify the method to achieve
the life goal of learner and teacher observe the behaviour and solve the problems.
Taba theory: it is modified version of Tyler models developed by Hilda taba who believed that
teacher should be aware of students needs and demand to develop the curriculums. For
curriculum development multi-purpose models of teachings are created to apply the aggregate
procedure such as listing, grouping, labelling, regrouping, and synthesizing. The chief motive is
to inspire higher order intelligent skills in the schoolrooms. This is the hardest theory in
teaching.
Models
1 Models of curriculum development refers to the way that used to guide the students and
determine the different aspects of teaching in proper code of conduct, manner of instruction.

Product model: in this model teacher and student focus on the final result weather the plans and
intension are fulfilled or not. With the help of the product model the organization keep track on
capability of the entering and existing learner. This model also includes some constant quantity
such as work done on time, problem solving, books and research etc.
Process model: it refers to the process of learning in which the model focuses on how things
are working in learning. This model helps in emphasizing the way learner thinks and what is the
mentality of the candidate as well as the way the curriculum going to impact in the forthcoming.
Praxis model: is a model of education which represent the theoretical cycle and to evaluate
knowledge as well as skills. It helps in the analysing processes so that efforts made by the
candidate can be modified by improving the state of mind. Praxis can be the extension of the
process model. With the help of this model the psychological feature can be expended.
Spiral model: this model of learning is a technical method in which how many times scholarly
person learn the topic or subject matter will be amended or encountered several times (DeLuca,
et.al.2018). This model give assistance in rising the knowledge and accomplishment to learned
rapidly in the classrooms. The new information binds up with the old skills and knowledge.
Liner model: it is the simple model for the curriculum development. The liner model provides
clean and clear or simple analytical sequences which are easy to utilize. From the occurrence to
ending gives more and little consecutive, straight forward.
Thematic model: as the word describe thematic refer to the word theme. In this model the
learning will be natural to give rise to interested children. In this approach assorted areas of
course of study will be added to increase elementary subject area such as reading, maths science
(Wills and McEwen, 2014). It helps in developing the interest and make usefulness content for
the of students. The learner will become more familiar or friendly with the mentor. The
important motive of this thematic model is to determine the themes.
TASK E
Theories and models of reflection and evaluation
The model of reflection refers to educational functional process which is used to guide or
teach and improve the learning quality of the learner. This is used in various department such as
educational, healthcare and in business meetings also to modify the practices and performance
with the help of feedbacks (Olson, 2020). This model give assistance in evaluating or developing

the thinking and learning plan to action. Reflection lead to the meditative intellectual which
modified the way individual things. It consists of experience and some plans of action fort
forthcoming. With the assistance of refection and evaluation the individual can generate new
point of views. Also, increase self-motivation, focus on learning realistic goals.
Gibbs reflective cycle: it is another framework which helps in examine the one-on-one feelings
and how difficulty is compacted and also shows the reflation of the experiences. It belongs to 6
stages i.e. Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan (Kelly, et.al,
2020)
Description: While doing this assignment I explore lots of knowledge about educational theories
are provided to improve teachings skills. I have done research on models as well. The
management of time also done. When I was doing this assignment I need help and my classmate
corporate with me guide me.
Feelings: before doing the assignment I feel like I have to do lots of research sounds like lots of
handwork needed. As I started the assignment feel like this is interesting topic to improve my
own knowledge to get success. I will make my study simpler by myself. In this modern era this
is important to adopt this different skill.
Evaluation: thing was good while doing this project but bad thing is that I face some difficulties
also cause some theories are hard to understand which create confusion too. While doing this
assignment I come to know that my decision-making powers are quite strong, communication is
also good. Bad thing is that I turn simpler topic into difficult ones which lead to critical thinking.
Analysis: competency and non-competency model create confusion but my good research skills
solve that issue. I got motivated now I think I am capable of doing handwork through this
project. My plan of action is modified and evaluated.
Conclusion; from this assignment I learned that nothing is difficult just need efforts. Everyone
need to examine their strength and weakness to make things work by themselves. Adopting new
strategies can improve work performance.
Action plan
Skills Strategies Resources Time duration
Critical thinking Cognitive theory Creative games,
essays, projects,
2 months

reading
Work on time Time management Note making, task,
work on priority
1 -2 months
John's structural model: this model is utilized for the encouraging reflection which is taken
into consideration. This model is utilized to give assistance in practice based knowledge
determinate.
Bound triangular representation: the learning is led by the reflection which is represented by the
various availability cyclic model in nature. The evaluation process involves re-evaluating
experience in light of self-intent.
Atkins and Murphy model: this theory refers to the practice which is based on the previous
activity. The individual critically analysis the previous work and took major steps for the
forthcoming challenges. In this future decision are taken as per the previous activity. This is the
most flexible as well as complex theory which is utilized in various field.
Carls model: this plan of action required professional analysis and improvement which should
considered some steps which indicate the full-form of carl’s model. The context of experience,
the action that were taken, that consequence that occurred and the lesson which is learned.
CONCLUSION
There are several theories, principle and models are available to improve the skills and
knowledge of the student. Every student required different theories such as behaviourism,
individual learning, learning preferences, modes of communication, communicational cycles etc.
which can evaluate the performance. Learning can be done with the help of learner or a teacher,
students can have inspired by the environment, theoretical knowledge, practical work. To
communicate with others modes of communication is important for better understanding. The
behaviour of person shows the manners in which they work and get success.

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