Integrated Case Study Report Questions

Running Head: CASE STUDY REPORT 1
Integrated Case Study Report Questions
Name of Student
Name of Professor
Institution Affiliation

CASE STUDY REPORT 2
Date
Focus area One-Aetiology and pathophysiology
Question 1
Gout is a type of arthritis that is very common, and it causes intense pain,
swelling, and stiffness of joints. It mostly affects the big toe. The attacks of Gout
attack and then ease over time, then they attack again. They slowly cause damage to
the tissues around the big toe and hence causing inflammation and severe pain (Abou-
Elela, 2017). Gout is the most common type of arthritis in men, but it affects women,
especially past the menopause stage.
Abnormalities cause gout in the metabolism of the body, unlike many other forms
of arthritis, which are caused by the immune system (Neogi & Mikuls, 2017). Gout

CASE STUDY REPORT 3
risk is associated with a variety of factors, such as genes, medical issues, and the
lifestyle of an individual. Mr. Steven`s lifestyle of taking meat and alcohol is one of
the risk factors making him suffer from this condition. These factors contribute to the
rise of the level of uric acid in the blood.
Question 2
The clinical symptoms of gout appear in response to crystals of monosodium
urate. For gout to develop in the body, there has to be a high concentration of urate.
This is caused by overproduction and under expression. Excess production of urate
occurs due to changes in purine synthesis and degradation paths (Edwards, 2011).
Under excretion of urate is the cause of excess concentration of serum urate, and it
happens through changes in the transporters of urate within the renal tubule. This
contributes to the development of hyperuricemia.
Additionally, in some individuals, monosodium urate crystal(MSU) results in
gout. This happens when the immune system responds to MSU and hence causing
inflammation. This reaction is mainly caused by a cytokine called interleukin one
beta, which affects the joint tissues and thus causing gout.
Question 3
As discussed above, one of the risk factors of gout is the lifestyle of an individual.
Mr. Steven eats food rich in meat and drinks alcohol. This increases the levels of uric
acid produced in the body and hence causing Mr. Steven to suffer from gout.
Furthermore, medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure contribute
to gout, and accordingly, this explains why Mr. Steven is suffering from this