This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of my friend's life, including her family dynamics, educational background, physical surroundings, and individual influences. The document also touches on mobility, education, and other aspects of her life that are important to her.
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INTERCULTURAL
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 a) Using cultural autobiography, identifying the major influences on your life....................1 b) Using cultural autobiography, recognising the main influences on someone life.............1 c) Compare and contrast the two culture and explain its similarities and differences...........2 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION Intercultural is the exchange of culture information between two persons who belong to different cultural groups. It is something that arises among different culture of people which includes various religious groups or national origins. The main focus of this report is to address two cultural values, beliefs, traditions and rituals of the Romania and Arabian persons. Also conduct questionnaire with two different culture individual and knowing their family living, understand their birth, death and weeding rituals (Bennett and Hammer,2011). In this, project also evaluate the similarities and differences between two culture autobiography with the help of relevant theories. MAIN BODY a) Using cultural autobiography, identifying the major influences on your life The culture of Romania sets itself different from others in the East European for share certain elements with them. It is a secular state and there is no specific state religion are followed. Romania is famous for religious country where huge majority of people belongs to Christian. The Romania culture teach that respect and regard the older people and never disrespect them. The popular religion of Romania country is Eastern Orthodox church which is one of the oldest culture. As a Romanian women, there are seven member in my family including me. My nationality is Romanian. There are various traditions which has been followed by me and my family members as per the Eastern Orthodox religion. The daily activities of Romania people starts with worship of god and after that they eat food. Along with this, there are some special occasion in my religion such as birth, death and wedding traditions which have influences on the culture. All these rituals are performed by church priests in my Eastern orthodox religion. In the birth ceremony, my family are tied red ribbon which save baby from evil eye (Scollon, Scollon and Jones, 2011). In my religion weeding, various rituals are perform by bride and groom which make them happy for future life. In the death custom, body is kept in casket and pries give the graveside funeral service along with family member. b) Using cultural autobiography, recognising the main influences on someone life Arabian culture is the most pure, precious, valuable religion for the Muslim population. My friend and her family's nationality is Saudi Arabia. There are seven members including her in the family. Their religion always says that “Allah is great”. The tradition of Islam is different 1
from Romania in which birth ceremony is conducted after the seventh day of baby birth and their Maulvi ties Taweez on child neck (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2010). There are few rituals at the time of Nikah in Islamic religion where both bride and groom are seated in separate group and marriage is confirm after saying “Qubool Hai”. Along with this, my friend culture is totally different in each manner. In the death custom, they are covered body with white sheet and fold it, after that the death body is transported to “Masjid” where Maulvi pray which is known as“Salat al-Janazah”. My friend family is follow Islamic culture which said “Belief in Allah as the one and only god”. c) Compare and contrast the two culture and explain its similarities and differences These two culturesare totally different from each other and some pointsare similar at certain end (Bird and et. al., 2010). Such as Romania involves Eastern Orthodox religion and Arabian culture involves Islamic religion. There are various similarities and differences between two culture which are described as under: Theory of reasoned action– It is a model which identify the origin in the specific area of social psychology. This theory is link between values, beliefs, intentions, norms and behaviour of individual. It will help in identifying various person behaviour and attitude towards their culture. Reasoned action of theory is used to recognised the differences among two culture individuals (Hammer, 2011). The attitude of a person towards determining behaviour, beliefs and values this theory used for identify differences on the basis of culture, behaviour and belief. Differences between Romania and Arabian culture: BasisRomaniaArabian CultureMy Romania culture is Eastern Orthodox where people pray to godinthemorningand afternoononly.Inmorning, theprayerisnamedas “Vespers”andafternoon worshipisknownas “Compline”. My friend belongs to Islamic culture where peopleworship their god for five time in a day. BehaviourThebehaviourofRomanianOntheotherhand,the 2
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peopleareveryfriendly, caring, helpful and party lover. Me and my family members areveryfamiliarand responsible individuals which help them in interacting with any other person. behaviourofArabianpeople arerude,spiritualistand devoterofAllah.Sometime my friend behave rude with me andsheisalsoveryshort tempered. They only believe in god and their life is moving around worship of Allah. BeliefsTheRomaniapeoplebelieve that all the religion are equal and god is one which resolve allpersonproblems.Asa Eastern Orthodox person, my belief is that God is single and bible said “one in essence and undivided”. TheIslamicbeliefisthe completeandworldwide variantofprimordialfaith which show some time before prophets such as Adam, Moses and Jesus. My friend belongs toArabianculturewhere Quran considered as unaltered and concluding information of Allah. The Arabian people said “Belief in Allah as the one and only god”. There are various similarities among two culture on the basis of social interactions, esteem or status, love, self actualisation, safety and security and daily living. Similarities between Romania and Arabian culture: BasisRomaniaArabian Social interactionsTheRomanianpeoplemeet and greet any person with full respect,regardandpositive behaviour. My family is very familiarandfriendlybehave MyfriendwhoisArabian person behave good and treat everyoneasafriendinthe socialprogram.Forbeing great,theymaintaintheir 3
while social interaction.reputation in the non Muslim community. They also believe indoingsocialinteractions morebeforeenteringintoa businessrelationshipwith other individuals. Esteem or statusMyRomaniacultureteach people to respect other people. Theyalwaysbehavegood which maintains the reputation of their family in the society. Also,itisconsideredasa hierarchical society so respect is gained on the basis of age and population. My friend belong from Islam culture where she learn only goodthingsthroughwhich theyneedtomaintaintheir dignity and also respect their elder onein the community. TheArabianpeopleare concern about their reputation andrespectasitisvery important for them. Love and belongingnessEvery individual need love or belongingnesswhichhelpin fulfillingtheirall requirements.Ibelongto Easternorthodoxcultureof Romaniainwhichloveor belongingnessaremainpart of society people. This culture help an individual to building strong relationship, influences one person towards others in context of respect. My friend belong to Islamic culturewhichissometime familiarwiththeother religions. Quran which is the holybookofmyArabian friend is teach them that every person need to love each other which help in easily survive in thesociety.TheirIslamic familymembersrequireto maintain trust, acceptance and love with each other. Self actualisationIn my religion, my family is very open minded. They gave In Islamic culture, such person have ability and capability so 4
me the freedom to choose my own career so I can become a successfulpersonanddoing job without any restrictions. shewillreachtheposition where she always wanted to reach.. Safety and securityInmyculture,safetyand security is one of the important precious things which protect meandmyfamilywithall problems. My friend culture also teach that safety is essential for each individual so through this they feel tension free without any fear. Daily livingMydailylifestartswith worship of god before taking breakfast.AsaRomanian women,Iusedtobathand wash hand and then take food. In afternoon, again pray to god with the Bible Holy book. Islam culture is very pure and precious,sotheyalsobegin their day with taking the name ofAllah.Myfriendwhois Arabian she is worship for five times in a day before the god with the help of Quran book. CONCLUSION From the above described report, it can be concluded that intercultural is something which arise among different culture of people that includes various religious groups or national origins. There are two culture which are used in this report such as Romania and Arabian people. The culture of Romania sets itself contrary from others in the East European for share definite components with them. On the other hand, Arabian culture is the most clean, valuable, priceless faith for the Muslim group. In this, there are various rituals conducted of two culture that includes birth, weeding and death traditions. Also these can be different from each other in every manner. 5
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REFERENCES Books and journals Bennett, M.J. and Hammer, M., 2011. A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. Retrieved.12.p.13. Scollon, R., Scollon, S.W. and Jones, R.H., 2011.Intercultural communication: A discourse approach. John Wiley & Sons. Holliday, A., Hyde, M. and Kullman, J., 2010.Intercultural communication: An advanced resource book for students. Routledge. Bird, A and et. al., 2010. Defining the content domain of intercultural competence for global leaders.Journal of Managerial Psychology.25(8). pp.810-828. Hammer, M.R., 2011. Additional cross-cultural validity testing of the Intercultural Development Inventory.International Journal of Intercultural Relations.35(4). pp.474-487. Dervin, F., 2011. A plea for change in research on intercultural discourses: A ‘liquid’approach to thestudyoftheacculturationofChinesestudents.Journalofmulticultural discourses.6(1). pp.37-52. Olohan, M., 2017.Intercultural Faultlines: Research Models in Translation Studies: v. 1: Textual and Cognitive Aspects. Routledge. Gareis,E.,2012.Interculturalfriendship:Effectsofhomeandhostregion.Journalof International and Intercultural Communication.5(4). pp.309-328. Online TheoryofReasonedAction.2018.[Online].Availablethrough: <http://recapp.etr.org/recapp/index.cfmfuseaction=pages.TheoriesDetail&PageID=517>. 6
APPENDIX Cultural autobiography1.Different culture Family structure and relationships,role of Romanian family -Parents:Avram Anton (father's name), Isabella Anton (Mother's name) -Grandparents:Benedikte Anton(grand father), Antanasia Anton (grand mother) -Other family members:Cristian Anton (Elder Brother) and Daciana Anton (Younger Sister) 2.What is the Nationalityof yourself, parents and grandparents -Yourself:Romanian -Parents; mother:Romanian,father:Romanian -Grandparents; grandmother:Romanian, grandfather:Romanian 3.Rituals of family life- What is your Dailyliving: My regular living rituals according to my Eastern Orthodox religion is that getting up in the early morning and take bath. Then prayer begin which is named as Vespers that is held in the morning before taking food. In the afternoon, I take lunch and go for play some activities, after that in the evening I again pray to the god which named as Compline. At night, I take dinner along with family members and go to sleep.-Some Special occasions: What is the Birth rituals :In the Eastern Orthodox religion, birth was significantly joyful occasion for every family. This is very special moment for a mother in the life. In my culture, the name has been selected by priest. Birth name (who and how it is chosen): Mostly they give child name on their grandparents. After seven day, they are giving name to the new born Baby. Firstly parents involved in the various activities which help in protecting the baby from the dark forces. After that, priest tied the red ribbon on the infant right arm which prevent from evil eye. Then family members or priest give a rite which considered as a first bath of infant. -What is the Marriage tradition:In Eastern orthodox religion, the weeding ceremony 7
is consider as full of deep symbolism and importance. The bride and groom stand in front of priest along with a best man who named as “koumbaros”. The weeding ritual begin with betrothal ceremony in which rings are exchanged. After that church priest gives candles to the couple hands to pray for their good future life. Then, priest read Bible section, the bride and groom take three sips of wine with a common cup. After that priest lead couple three times around the table on which Bible and cross rest are placed. Lastly, all the relatives and church father gives blessings to both bride and groom. -What is the Death rituals in your religion:In my religion, it is necessary for priest is to hear the final confession and handle Holy ritual to the death individual. Eastern orthodox funeral tradition is preparing the body. Family members and friends perform rituals in the presence of priest. They should wash the body and dressed and it is ready to placed in the casket. After this, church father shower some holy water which pure the body. Then priest started the prayer which name is Panikhida which is the sign to begin the wake. Then the body is transported to the church for the other funeral rituals and coffin is opened, candle lit, pray by family members around the casket. Lastly, the priest should performed a graveside burial services along with family or relatives. 4.Who holds the most “status” in your family? Why? My grandfather hold the most status position in my family because they have knowledge and experienced so they easily deal with any complex situations. He is backbone of the family and manage all roles and responsibilities in better way which is provided to him.5.Environment where you grew up: -In home:In my home, there is sound environment which make me happy and feel secure every time. My parents treat me as a friends through which I can share all my issues or problems with them. At home, my siblings are create healthy and joyful environment. -In physical surroundings:The physical surroundings around my home is very pleasant and peaceful which feel healthy and safe from various health issues. It includes water, plants, animals, buildings and other infrastructure which provide basic needs and chances for social development. 6.Individuals and institutions which have had a strong influence on you 8
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My university principle has mainly influence on my life because they teach me about different things which can be used for future as well as present situations. With the assistance of them, I am able to became a successful person in my life. 7.Mobilitymoving from country to country; moving from class to class; profession to profession: - Personal – After completing my schooling, I am decided to take science subject but due to less percentage in biology, I am moving towards BCOM course. - your family’s – Before 2 years, my father is in a government job as a assistant of court judge and due to dissatisfaction regarding this job, he started his own new business.8.Education: - From where have you completed your higher education ? Schooling from Decebal High school Graduation from Danubius University Masters from ASEBUSS -How long you studied ? From 20 years - How principal influences you towards study ? Inmyschool,principalinfluenceseachstudentbymotivatingthemtowards achieving set goals and objectives for future life. - What is your education or qualification? BCOM MBA (Masters in Business Administration) - What is your parents education ? Father: (LLB) Mother: (B.Sc. in biology) -What is your grandparents education? Grandfather: (Business Administration in arts) Grandmother: (Intermediate) 9.Other aspects of your life or influences upon it of importance to you a.Is punctuality important to you? Why or why not? Yes, punctuality is important for me because through this I can easily complete my 9
work in given time. This will show an individual respect towards time or work. b.What is the most important meal of the day? According to me, breakfast is most important meal of the day because it consume more calories in the morning and also maintain weight. c.Do you eat foods that are indigenous to your culture?Why or why not?If you answered yes, name some of the foods that you eat. If you answered no, what types of foods do you eat? Yes, I love to eat indigenous food that are fried eggs, fried pork, traditional sausages and pickles. 10
Cultural autobiography 1. Different culture Family structure and relationships,role of Arabian family -Parents:Ahmed Oman (father's name), Noura Oman (Mother's name) -Grandparents:Abdullah Oman(grand father), Habiba Oman (grand mother) -Other family members:Ibrahim Oman (Younger Brother) and Nadia Oman (Elder Sister) 2. What is the Nationalityof your friend, parents, grandparents -Yourself:Saudi Arabian -Parents; mother:Saudi Arabian,father:Saudi Arabian -Grandparents; grandmother:Saudi Arabian,grandfather:Saudi Arabian 3. Different Rituals of family life- What is your Dailyliving:My Arab friend daily living is start with the worship of Allah. After that, they wash hand and well dressed for pray Allah to giving a beautiful life. Then eat breakfast like olives, honey, bread and milk with their right hand only. After completing meal, they thanks Allah for providing food. My friend and her family members pray Allah for five times in a day. - Some Special occasions of Arab: - What is the Birth rituals :In my friend religion, child is the precious gift of Allah. After the birth of babies, first words which hear by them is “Allah is great”. The father whisper these words in the right ear of child. The name is selected for baby on the seventh day as per their parents choice. The ceremony conducted which is known as “Aqiqah” in which some charity or donation is given to the poor people. Then family tied the black piece of string which is known as “Taweez” on the baby wrist or neck. These celebration presently take place in the modern Islamic religions. -What is the Marriage tradition:In Islam religion, weeding is most part of Islamic culture and it is compulsory by Holy Quran. Firstly, Mangni marks the authorized engagement ritual between bride and groom. In this, both families are giving gifts to each other and some cash also. Before NIkah, the Manjha function is conducted in which bride attired a yellow dress. After that, paste of turmeric with rose water is applied on bride face, feet and hands by their 11
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family members. Then mehandi and sangeet ceremonies are happen where all relative were enjoy with performing dance. Lastly Nikah is officiated by a religious Maulvi. In this, bride and groom are seated in different groups. Maulvi read Quran and both say “Qubool Hain” for the marriage. Then all the family members are giving blessing to both of them for their future life. -What is the Death rituals in your religion:In my Arabian Friend religion, Cremation is prohibited for Muslim person. At the time of preparing body, one person wash the body for three times and then covered the body with white sheet. The cover sheet should be folded over the body. After that, body transported to the “masjid” where prayer started which named as “Salat al-Janazah”. Then body should shifted to the graveyard for interment and place the body under ground with fill the soil in the grave. All the members pray Allah and say this line “Bismillah wa ala millati rasulillah”. 4. Who holds the most “status” in your family? Why? In my friend family, his father is the most important person because he hold roles and responsibilities of home and give direction to their family members to achieve some successful position in their life. 5. Environment where you grew up: -In home:In my friend home, there are always create a positive surroundings which make whole family with happiness. All the family members are eat together and after that exchange their view with each other and father discuss about their future career. -In physical surroundings:There is sound physical environment around my society which make person happy and healthy. The outside areas of home is very pleasant and secure where kids are play games at late night. It includes swings, parks, swimming pools, trees and other infrastructure. Most of the attractive thing around home is greenery environment where people are taking population free breath which reduces health issues. 6. Individuals and institutions which have had a strong influence on you My friend college principal is greatly influence on her because they are developing effective educational strategies which help in learning new things and motivate towards success. 12
7. Mobilitymoving from country to country; moving from class to class; profession to profession: -Personal :After completion of graduation, my friend wish to take commerce but with the advise of parents, then she will prefer B.Sc in biology. -Family’s :My friend's father is in banking service due to transfer in another location, he is shifted their job into the mutual funds agencies. 8. Education: - From where have you completed your higher education ? Schooling fromAhad National Schools Graduation/Masters from UAE University -How long you studied ? From 20 years - How your institution principal influences you towards study ? My friend college principal influence students by motivating towards learning and gaining accurate knowledge on specific topic. - What is your education or qualification? Master of science in Chemical Engineering - What is your parents education ? Father: (Diploma in ITI) Mother: (BA) - What is your grandparents education? Grandfather: (Matrix pass) Grandmother: (Intermediate) 9. What are the other aspects of your friend life or influences upon it of importance to you d.Is punctuality important to you? Why or why not? Yes, punctuality is very important for my friend because this will help in establishing reputation as a reliable and consistent person. e.What is the most important meal of the day? As per my friend view, lunch is the most important meal of the day in which they consume rice, lamb, coffee or tea. 13
f.Do you eat foods that are indigenous to your culture? Why or why not?If you answered yes, name some of the foods that you eat. If you answered no, what types of foods do you eat? Yes, my friend eat indigenous culture food beacuse she likes the food ingredients such as Fatir, Hawayji, Haysa Al-Tumreya, Kapsa, Kimaje, and some more. 14