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The provided assignment content comprises a collection of academic papers and online resources that explore various aspects of international business, including energy policy, trade facilitation, and market entry strategies. The papers discuss topics such as the European framework for energy and climate policies, volatility transmission in agricultural futures markets, and trust across borders in global e-commerce. Additionally, the online resources provide insights on the negative and positive effects of globalization on developing country businesses and the methodology for trading across borders.

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Business Project

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3
Things which needs to be consider by Next Plx when trading across boarder ..........................4
Different considerations should Next plc adopt when trying to create social impact.................7
Critically analysing and evaluating the theories which are related with chosen topic .............11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................1
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INTRODUCTION
International business consists of different commercial transactions i.e. private,
government and investment etc. which takes place between two or more regions or nations is
termed as trading across boundaries. Also, exchange of goods or services among individuals or
businesses within different countries helps in carrying out global business operations. It also
involves multinational company that engages in carrying out business practices in multiple
countries (Yu, 2014). Through carrying out international business operations it helps business to
achieve high level of growth and success. With the help of globalization, it assists business to
perform effective business operations and thus attain desired results. Multinational corporation
can carry out globalization through different forms i.e. joint venture, franchising, licensing and
strategic alliance etc. It helps business to carry out transaction at international level and thus
enhance the business profit and sales. Also, in order to raise the performance level of business it
is essential for them to enter into global market and satisfy the needs of target audience
(Polonsky and Waller, 2014).
Moreover, operating the business at international level it helps firm to raise its brand
image and thus give tough competition to competitors. Also, firm operating at international level
attracts consumers by offering them best prices and offers so that product awareness can be
created among target people and thus it helps in increasing the sales of firm (Kaplinsky, 2013).
Hence, international medium is the best way through which products or services can reach up to
a maximum level so that particular market segment can be satisfied effectively and efficiently.
With the assistance of this, it helps firm to extend its global presence and thus maximizes the
sales and productivity of firm. However, in such competitive era it assists business to expand its
operations and thus move across national boundaries to serve wide range of people (Eriksson and
Kovalainen, 2015).
In the current study, Next plc has been chosen which is a British multinational brand that
carries out its functions in clothing, footwear and home appliances. Business also sells their
products at competitive prices in regard to gain high market share. Next plc owns around 700
outlets out of which 502 operates in UK and Ireland while around 200 in continental Europe and
thus it offers wide range of products or services to target audience. It has also been noticed that
through comparing the sales figures of 2012 and 2014 it has assessed that Next plc has overcome
Marks and Spencer and thus becomes the highest clothing retailer. Therefore, it assists business
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to develop competitive environment and thus overcome rivals by producing effective products or
services. However, main focus of business is to carry out international operations within
marketplace so that consumer needs and wants can be satisfied. Further, business also provides
employment opportunities to skilled candidates so that best customer service can be rendered to
attain growth and development (Busse, Hoekstra and Königer, 2012).
Thus, in the present study, it adopts two different areas on which research has to be
carried out in relation to Next plc which helps in assessing the business operations in
international market. Here, different factors has been assessed which Next plc should adopt in
order to create social impact upon society. Hence, it assists business to provide ethical products
or services to consumers in regard to enhance customer base (Behrens, Corcos and Mion, 2013).
While, another study has been carried out upon how Next plc should develop its understanding
regarding considering trading across boundaries. Thus, it involves various factors that helps firm
to expand its operations in different markets i.e. international market and achieve high profits.
Things which needs to be consider by Next Plx when trading across boarder
Trading across boarder is the practice of delivering product outside the domestic
boundary (Trading across boarder, 2016). Delivering the product outside the national boundary
of company is not an easier task. This is because, the given type of practices from the side of
firm demands thorough analysis of the market. Hence, if firm will not do the same at that time it
will become very difficult for them with regard to mark their effective presence in the new
market in an effectual way. In accordance with the given context, there are number of things are
assessed which manager of Next plc should take into consideration when trading across boarder.
The detailed explanation about the same is being depicted in below: To make the decision about the market where it wants to expand: It is being regarded as
one of the most important question which came into the mind of manager when they take
the decision to start their operation in global platform. In this regard, it can be said that
for the manager of Next plc it is very essential that it should make the selection of market
for expansion in an effective manner (Böhringer, Balistreri and Rutherford, 2012). This is
because, wrong selection of market by Next plc will lead to hamper the operation of firm.
Furthermore, due to this it will become very difficult for the enterprise with regard to
mark an effective presence in the new market in an effectual way. Thus, there are number
of factors are assessed which firm needs to consider when making the selection of

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market. It consists of purchasing power of buyers in the given country and possibility of
opening the Next plc store within the country etc. On the basis of these all given factors
an effective decision will be taken by the manager of cited company (Abrego, 2014). Market entry strategy : Before getting entry into new market manager of corporation will
also have to make the decision about the way to get entry into the new market. In this
regard, there are number of market entry options available which can be used by the
manager of Next plc. It consists of franchising, joint venture, strategic alliance, exporting
and many other options etc (Market entry strategies, 2016). These all options have their
own benefits as well as disadvantage. Hence, it is due to the presence of given aspect
manager of cited corporation should make the selection of all these given options in an
effectual manner. For example, if firm wants to take location advantage at that time it
should opt the joint venture as the market entry option. Overall, an effective decision
regarding the market entry option will lead to provide the overall benefits to the
corporation in the form of increased profits and sales (Gomez-Herrera, Martens and
Turlea, 2014). Location of company: It is being consider as another thing which manager of cited firm
should take consideration when trading across boarder. In the success of any company,
location plays very vital role. This is because, selection of wrong location for the delivery
of company's product will lead to affect the tactical plan for Next plc (Hausman, Lee and
Subramanian, 2013). In addition to this, in the given circumstance it will also become
very difficult for the corporation with regard to attract the large number of buyers towards
the enterprise appropriately. For example, Next plc has an aim to provide convenience to
its buyers. Then, in order to fulfil the given aim cited firm manager will have to establish
its store in such location which tend to provide convenience to the targeted buyers (Helm,
2014). Political factors: On getting entry into new market it is also required by the manager of
Next plc that it should gather thorough information about the political condition of the
specific country where it is going to expand its operation. This is because, on the basis of
given information only manager of cited firm can formulate an effective tactic (Mezzadra
and Neilson, 2013). Herein, Next plc manager should gather different type of political
information such as interest rate, taxation policy and all the provision relating to the
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establishment of venture within country etc. These all information will lead to guide the
firm towards the right direction. Hence, it will also enable Next plc with regard to
formulate an effective strategy regarding the products and services which is being offered
by it. For example, cited firm has an aim to enter into new market with the price
penetration tactic (Ryan and Mulholland, 2014). It is the type of strategy which provides
opportunity to the corporation with regard to charge low prices upon the product from the
buyers of new country. The given objective of firm will not being fulfilled if the nation
where it is planning for expansion charges high taxes upon the product which is being
offered by Next plc. Therefore, in the given situation firm should have to mould its
strategy. This will take lots of time and money of the enterprise. Hence, it is due to the
presence of given aspect it is required by the corporation that it should give consideration
to the political factor when trading across boarder (Business, 2012). Social factor: This includes to get the information regarding the specific tastes and
preferences of the customers of specific company. In order to gain success in the
competitive business environment, it is also required by the manager of firm that it should
get thorough information about the people who are residing in the country. Hence, on the
basis of this Next plc should carry out changes in the product which is being offered by it
(Business, 2013). This kind of information can be gather by company by conducting in-
depth market analysis or research. This factor plays very important role because it helps
in maintaining the satisfaction level of the targeted buyers of firm. The satisfaction level
of the buyers is affected when they will not get the product as per their tastes and
preference. Furthermore, the given thing will lead to hamper the overall operation of
Next plc in a negative manner (Perkins and Neumayer, 2012). Economic factor: Economic condition of each country varies. Furthermore, the given
factor plays very important role in the task of setting the strategy of the Next plc. This
includes factors such as recession, inflation and interest rate etc. In this context, it can be
said that the manager of cited firm can also use the given factor for the purpose to
formulate an effective marketing mix tactic (Singh and Mishra, 2013). Here, on the basis
of economic situation such as recession and inflation firm can set prices of the product
which is being offered by it. For example, the country where Next plc is planning for
expanding its operation has been going through with the situation like recession. It is the
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type of condition wherein people does not have the capability with regard to purchase
such type of goods and services which are highly expensive in nature. Thus, in the given
situation Next plc should have to sale its product at the low prices. Furthermore, in order
to lure large number of buyers in the given circumstance, cited firm can offer number of
discounts upon its products in an effective way (Hernandez, Ibarra and Trupkin, 2014).
As a result of it cited firm can get the benefit in the form of increased profits and sales. Environmental policy: Another factor which Next plc should have to consider is related
with the environmental laws and regulations. In this context, there are many governments
which gives permission to overseas firm with regard to operate their business in their
country if the respective firm take any kind of measure for protecting the natural
environment of their country (Kayser and Peress, 2012). This is because, if manager of
Next plc will not given consideration to the respective factor at that time it may become
very difficult for it with respect to operate its operation in the nation in an effectual way. Legal factor: The laws and policies of the nation also have impact upon the smooth going
operation of firm. In this regard, it has been assessed that each country have varied
regulation regarding the overseas firm. Hence, it is essential for the Next plc that it should
also gather the thorough information regarding the given factor also. This will guide the
firm towards the right direction. Furthermore, it will also enable firm with regard to make
an appropriate strategic decision in an effectual way (Abrego, 2014).
To get the information about the competitors: The firm should also have the proper
knowledge regarding the competitors which tend to give competition to the firm in the
foreign market. Through this way, firm can formulate such tactic with the help of which it
can give tough competition to all the companies which are functioning in the new market
(Zhang and et. al., 2014). Overall, it can be said that these all are being regarded as the
major points which Next plc needs to consider when making the decision to trade its
product in some new market. The given type of thing will also help in providing
competitive edge to the firm in new market.
Different considerations should Next plc adopt when trying to create social impact
It is essential for business to participate in developing effective social environment so that
it does not affect the business operations when carrying out the expansion in international
market. Further, developing social environment helps in building effective belief, attitude,

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customs and social responsibility so that society does not get affected (Zhang and et. al., 2014).
Hence, Next plc is required to consider different aspects in relation to maintain social impact
upon businesses such as following government rules and regulations, carrying out business
responsibilities to satisfy stakeholders and developing environmental protection and safety
measures. However, all these factors affects the business operations and thus impact of society
while entering into international market. Hence, Next plc adopts different methods in regard to
create social impact so that better quality products or services can be delivered to consumers and
thus attain satisfaction (Bassens and et.al., 2013). It involves different considerations that Next
plc undertakes while creating social impact upon society-
Ethical considerations- Organizations planning to enter into international business is
required to adopt ethical consideration so that true and fair information about products or
services can be delivered to consumers. Thus, it helps individual to not get misguided by
the benefits derived from the products offered to them. For instance, Next plc is required
to provide proper information about the product line so that consumers can select the
same and fulfil their needs (Dobusch, Mader and Quack, 2013). However, in order to
increase the sale of products, if firm provides any misleading information that affects the
society will ultimately result into the brand image and financial position of firm in
market. For example, Next plc carries out its operations in clothing, footwear and home
appliances so that it is essential for business to carry out ethical consumerism policy.
Implementing such policy helps in providing best information to consumers so that it
does not losses the faith of people or affects the brand identity of firm in market (Harris,
2013). However, if organization fails in providing true and fair information about
products or services then it results in to decreases in customer base and also decline in
sales in international market. Hence, Next plc is required to follow ethical consideration
within firm so that it does not impact the society. Company is required to deliver best
information regarding the products or services such as ingredients involves, quality
mark, features so that customers can be informed about the quality of goods offered to
them. Also, it is essential for firm to follow proper environmental policy so that it does
not impact upon the society in an unethical manner (Koh, Fichman and Kraut, 2012).
Therefore, in relation to implement ethical responsibilities it helps firm to provide
effective information about different ISO standards so that product quality can be
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informed. By delivering ethical information it helps consumers to adopt Next plc as
compared to other rivals and thus carry out ethical practices within firm and develop
socially responsible environment to achieve goals.
Government norms and regulations- Within such factor it states that business is
required to follow proper government rules and regulations so that they can easily enter
into international market. Thus, Next plc is required to undertake proper government
rules and regulations so that proper quality standards can be maintained within firm as
per government objectives (Forsgren, 2015). For instance, while delivering products to
consumers all should undergo a quality check as well as test so that it does not impact
upon the society. However, it is crucial for firm to follow proper government rules and
regulations while promoting the product in market so that large number of customers can
be attracted towards firm. It helps in showcasing the quality standards of products to
enter into international market (Jenkins, 2013). While, if Next plc does not fulfil
government norms and conditions it affects upon social environment and thus decreases
the brand image of firm in market. Further, it is essential for firm to undertake Fair Trade
practices so that proper quality products can be delivered to consumers across
international boundaries. Therefore, it is essential for firm to undertake different rules
and policies abided by the government so that it does not influence the society at any
level. Thus, through following proper rules and regulations it helps Next plc to improve
the productivity and profitability of firm in market (McCubbrey, 2015).
To follow effective responsibilities towards stakeholders- Moreover, it is crucial for
Next plc to follow proper ethical responsibilities towards stakeholders such as
employees, workers and shareholders etc. to satisfy their needs. However, it is essential
for business to protect the environment by adopting environmental friendly measures and
does not impact bad image upon society (Yu, 2014). Next plc undertakes proper quality
standards while producing products or services so that stakeholders needs can be
fulfilled. Also, business is required to identify the requirements of customers and
employees so that it can be fulfilled accordingly and thus attain long term benefits.
Management of firm also uses effective stakeholder theory which helps in assessing the
needs and wants of stakeholders so that client base can be enhanced effectively and
efficiently. Also, firm provides attractive products such as clothing and footwear so that
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it is essential for firm to provide proper responsibilities towards stakeholders by
informing them about the new launch in market (Polonsky and Waller, 2014). Also, firm
is required to inform the employees as well as shareholders while entering into
international market to enhance the operations. Through following proper responsibilities
towards stakeholders it helps firm to carry out proper socially responsible environment
and does not affect the society. However, there are more than 88% consumers that states
that business should try to achieve desired goals through improving the society and
environment in an effective manner (Kaplinsky, 2013). Company should utilize the funds
in organizing welfare programs and develops corporate social responsibility to satisfy the
needs of stakeholders. Firm should not use unethical practices that affects the operations
of firm in market.
Environmental protection and safety- It is essential for firm to carry out effective
environmental protection act so that it does not impact upon society. Hence, it is
essential for Next plc to adopt effective environmental protection policies so that
encountered can be safeguarded from pollution. Through developing proper
environmental policies it helps business to differentiate themselves from competitors and
enhance the sales and profitability of firm (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015). Developing
environmental protection and safety standards helps business to attain long term
sustainability and growth objectives. However, it is crucial for firm to protect the
environment effectively by adopting different safety policies so that goals can be
attained. It is essential for Next plc to produce environmental friendly products in regard
to attract consumers towards firm. Thus, it increases the sales and profitability of firm in
market. Organization also introduces innovative technology products so that they can
overcome pollution or environmental affects caused by business (Behrens, Corcos and
Mion, 2013). However, Next organization should not use any unethical practices of
production because it affects the society in an adverse manner. Now-a-days customers
are also attracted towards the firm who are producing ethical products which does not
impact upon society. Also, it is essential for Next plc to develop different environmental
protection measures in order to improve the health and safety of employees and
consumers. Thus, it helps firm to create competitive edge over rivals and thus attain
desired success. Moreover, through following proper corporate social responsibility it

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assists business to overcome the rivals and thus deliver best quality products or services
to consumers (Abrego, 2014). However, it helps Next plc to attain effective results in the
form of attaining success.
Critically analysing and evaluating the theories which are related with chosen topic
A critical evaluation has been carried out upon the chosen topic under study. In
accordance with the given context, as per the view point of Gomez-Herrera, Martens and Turlea
(2014), firms should give major consideration to the political and economic factors when they
make the decision to expand their operation in the new market. In this context, it has been
analysed that the tactic which is being framed by the company is majorly affected when
significant changes is being identified in the political and the economic condition of nation where
Next plc is operating its operation. This is because, the given factor tend to have direct impact
upon the strategies of company. Hence, firm like Next plc should give major importance to the
respective factor (Gomez-Herrera, Martens and Turlea, 2014). However, if firm will not do the
same at that time overall operation of the firm will be affected in a negative way. However, it has
been critically evaluated by the Hausman, Lee and Subramanian (2013), that it is not necessary
that political and economic factors are the two major factors which firm should give importance.
This is because, there are some other factors too which also plays very important role. It consists
of location of firm, market entry strategy and social factor. In this regard, it can be said that when
entering into the new market, the very first information which manager of Next plc should
consider is related with tastes and preferences of the respective buyers of the country (Hausman,
Lee and Subramanian, 2013).
In accordance with the given context, it is correct to said that the success of company
totally depends upon the type of product which it offers to its buyers. Thus, if Next plc will not
perform changes in its product as per the tastes and preference of the customers of specific
nation, then in the given circumstance it will become very difficult for the enterprise with regard
to attract the large number of customers towards the corporation in an effectual way. Due to this,
profits of company will also be affected in a negative manner (Ryan and Mulholland, 2014).
Moreover, as per the view point of Business (2012), in order to mark an effective
presence in the new market or country, it is being required by corporation that it should take help
from the uppsala internationalization model. The given model state that before getting entry into
new market, firm should assemble the thorough information about the particular market. In this
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regard, it must gather the number of information which may be related with the location, social,
legal and political factor of the country. This thing will lead to provide the benefit to the firm in
the form of increased profits and sales (Business, 2012).
In addition to this, Perkins and Neumayer (2012), have depicted that organization can
enhance the effectiveness of its business as well as is able to achieve its desired objectives if it
will give consideration to the number of factors such as ethical, environmental protection, safety
along with government regulations and norms etc. Therefore, the given thing entail that it is
being required by the manager of Next plc that it should give significant importance to the
respective factor. This is because, it will not only help in improving the business situation for the
firm but it will also assist Next plc in the task of marking an effectual presence in the highly
competitive environment (Perkins and Neumayer, 2012). Herein, it can also be said that in order
to maintain the satisfaction level of customers and make assurance for providing high quality
services to the customers, Next plc should have to follow all the ethical and environmental aspect
which are related with the product which is being offered by it.
But, it has been argued by Hernandez, Ibarra and Trupkin (2014), that the success of
company in the international platform totally depends upon the given aspect that what are the
type of business strategy being adopted by it. The selection of wrong business strategy will lead
to hamper the operation of firm in negative manner. Furthermore, the given thing will also lead
to cause negative influence upon the profits. Hence, it can be said that it is being required by the
company that it should give importance to all the assessed when making the decision to start its
operation in the new market (Hernandez, Ibarra and Trupkin, 2014).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above study, that business project assesses the significance
of international transaction that helps firm to achieve high level growth and success in the
country. Hence, through developing such global present Next plc builds distinct brand image in
market and achieve high profits. It involves different factors that creates social impact upon
society i.e. ethical considerations, government norms and regulations, environmental safety and
protection etc. Thus, all these factors helps in carrying out best corporate social responsibility
towards firm in regard to not affect the environment. Further, it is significant for Next plc to
follow proper ethical standards so that quality products or services can be carried out within
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business. Hence, it assists Next to achieve competitive edge over rivals so that market share can
be developed up to a great extent.
Furthermore, it is significant for Next to maintain proper ethical policies and follow
government rules and regulations otherwise it affects the society and decreases the brand image
of firm in market. Hence, it is crucial for company to deliver best quality products or services
across boundaries which helps in attaining competitive edge over rivals. Through following true
and fair information to consumers it helps business to expand its brand value in global market
and thus increases sales and profitability. Moreover, it involves different factors that possess
huge level impact upon companies trading across boundaries. Hence, political and economic
condition affects the business operations when planning for trading across boundaries. Also,
business is required to assess different factors such as geographical locations and financial
resources when planning for international expansion so that firm could make better decision in
relation to them.
Moreover, through carrying out critical evaluation of different considerations in relation
to international business it helps in assessing the needs and wants of customers and thus achieve
satisfaction. Hence, Next plc needs to build competitive edge within firm in order to achieve
success and growth. Further, while undertaking different factors that helps Next plc to improve
its international expansion and accomplish high market share. Thus, both the considered aspects
is required to carry out in relation to Next plc and implement within firm to improve its operation
in international expansion. For instance, through adopting different ethical consideration it assists
firm to render best quality products or services and thus create social impact upon society. Thus,
sustainability is considered as the main factor which helps in enhancing the business operation in
international marketplace.

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