Factors Affecting International Business: Opportunities and Challenges for Tesco
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This report discusses the factors affecting international business, including political, economic, social, and technological factors. It focuses on Tesco, the third largest retailer in the world, and its opportunities and challenges in the global market.
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Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1 Factor affecting global economy for international business..........................................................1 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................5 .......................................................................................................................................................6 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION International business refers to the trades of goods and services across national borders. It involve cross border transaction between two or more countries. International business require more skills than traditional business. Transaction that take place in this business are performed at global level. International business also known as globalization(Kurt and Kurt, 2020).This facilitate to connect different world economies. Their scale of operations are waste in size. It also done transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, labour for the international production of goods and services. The companies that carry out such business transactions are called multinational companies.International business contains a large number of operations at wider level because it conduct on a large scale. This business is based on market segmentation, which offer good and services as per demand of the consumers. This business give benefit to all participating countries. International business conducted at very large scale they first sale their products at local market. Then surplus good are export in other countries(Van Assche, 2018).It increases employment opportunities and also brings a new environment of development, stability in economy, availability of good and services to each and everyone. This report file consists the information regarding TESCO London UK based enterprise. Who trades of products and its services at global level. Although Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world.This presentation shows the factors influencing the business market. Also, opportunities which provided by Tesco to small and medium enterprises. Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world. MAIN BODY Factor affecting global economy for international business International business largely depends on economic activities. In international business there is a fear of trade barriers and restriction, which are imposed by the government of different countries. Many countries government does not allow international business in their countries. Political environment is one of the factor that affect the international business, it included the types of governments, the relations between government and the business. Government make restrictions on exporting some products and services, restriction on pricing of some goods, restriction on capital goods, raw material(Hrechyshkina, and Samakhavets, 2019). The more stable the political environment more it brings the opportunity. Recent example is Brexit. With the Brexit new 1
government polices and regulations are came. These regulations causes decrease or increase in sale. The change in tax policy in the various supply countries will affect the profitability of the company. If countries government impose tax on imported goods, the price of goods for that country's customer are increased. Second factor that give impact on international business is economic environment. There are many economic factors that directly affect the business such as fiscal policies, inflation rate, income distribution, employment level, demand of various products, and purchasing power of customers. Tesco generate its major share from UK. Any change in the economic policy will affect the companies sale. Pricing of the product also influence the companies sale(Nielsen, and Raswant, 2018). Inflation increases the price of raw material and it will give impact on consumers purchasing power. In market with high inflation company need to modify their product and make them less expensive for the customers. Social factor is also present in the economy that directly affect the business. This include change in life style, change in habits, attitude towards a product, age distribution and cultural factors. Consumers habits and preference are constantly changing over time. The choice of products may also depend on various culture factors and region. People demand diversification in companies products. Today's consumer want organic food because they become health conscious. Also, they want home delivery facility, online payment facility of their products. Tesco become successful, to satisfy its customers by fulfilling their current demand. Technological changes happen rapidly it is important for a company to keep up with changing technology. Tesco has been experimenting with various aspects of retail business and has achieve some amount of success. Tesco launched PayQwip payment app, through this customer can pay as they want. The Online shopping,online payment app, social media promotion are the part of attracting customers toward them. These changes helps a company to attract customers(Lindner, Puck and Verbeke,2020).Technological environment also impose positive effect on international business. Internet make communication process more smoother and easier. Companies in UK and in other countries face environmental issues from government. Tesco take several measures to overcome from this pressure such as use paper bags in place of plastic bags. Recently company use R4 formula( remove, reduce, reuse, and recycle) to reduce waste. Importing and exporting are the most prevalent form of international business. For many companies importing is the primary link to the international market. International business has a great opportunity to 2
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access customers in new countries, access to new cheaper source of labour, raw material and natural resources. Globalisation and liberalisation gives a great benefit to international business. Most of the countries liberalised their economy and open their country for the global world. The changes in the policy attract multinational companies to expand their business in their countries. International business give benefits to the countries who are participating in the export and import business. It helps the developing and developed countries to grow at global level and get maximum benefit. It fulfil the demand at global level because they produce goods at large scale. The degree of risk associated with this business is very high(Coscia,Neffke, and Hausmann, 2020). These businesses require large amount of resources in terms of both money and natural resources. Sometime business also face politicalchanges that affect business conditions. International business face competition at global level. These businesses invest large amount in promotional activities. There are large number of competitors at global level. There is a great presence of tough competition in terms of price, policy, product design, product quality, etc. International restriction is the another factor that give major affect on international business. They face large restriction while carrying out their operations in different countries. They face several foreign exchange barriers, trade barriers which are harmful for international business. Apart from this currency risk is the another factor that influence international business. It refers to the risk of adverse changes in exchange rate. This risk arises because transaction of international businesses take place more than one currency. When currency fluctuate rapidly, however it give the negative effect on firms assets, operations, and profits. A weaker currency make import more expensive(Kolk, and et.al., 2018). A nation need to stable currency to attract new investors in their country. Fluctuation in exchange rate will directly impact the expansion level of a business enterprise. International business leader constantly monitor the changes happen in exchange rate. Also consider the factors that influence currency fluctuation. International business provide opportunities for developingcountriestodiversifytheirexports.Integrationintoglobalchainoffersnew opportunities for small and medium enterprises(Fletcher, and et.al., 2018).The participation of micro, small and medium sized enterprises in international business is remain limited. Because they have lack of knowledge about trade barriers, international market, limited access to finance. The smaller the company the greater the challenge they faced. 3
MSMES are the key driver of economic growth, job creator, reason behind increased competition and innovation. Tesco announces long term support for more than 1300 smallest suppliers. Company working with small and medium supplier and build a strong partnership with them. Tesco has been helping small suppliers by improving product performance, extending expiry date, introducing attractive packaging. One thing that made tesco great, that they work with small suppliers. World trade organisation take number of initiatives to assist small and medium enterprises. Tesco follow all the guidelines that are provided by WTO.Company give financial and technological assistance to their regular suppliers. International trade depend on economicactivitiesoftheworld.Toincreasethetradeabusinessmanfocusedonnew opportunitiesthat arises in the global market. The economies of all countries depend on each other (Dang,Jasovska,and Rammal,2020). Every countries trade policy will impact another countries growth. For example, the recession in UK will affect various countries like India, USA, Australia, and many others. From the past years, the world has seen some economic changes. Government remove trade barriers between united states, Canada, Mexico. This trade free policy open new opportunities for Tesco. Company expand their business in these countries and earn good amount of profit. Removing trade barriers gives a global opportunity to the company who trade globally. Development of European union gives a great advantage to the companies ho trade internationally. European union comprising 27 countries and governing conman economic policies. So it has the largest economy in the world. EU is in primary position when it came to global trade. It is the top trading partner of 80 countries(Backus, Kehoe, and Kydtand, 2021). EU trade policy give new opportunities to the businessman as well customers at global level. Everyday Europe export and import hundreds of millions of goods. The world trade organisation affects the international business. Liberalisation policy and technology transfers are the positive factors that affect international business. First factor is electronic fund transfer, the introduction of electronic fund transfer has impacted the growth of international trade. It means transfer of fund or money over a online network. The transfer of fund can be performed between the same bank or different one. This facilitate the transfer of funds at global level. The process makes the international transaction easy. With cash in advance payment term an exporters can avoid credit risk. Because this facility give a advantage to receive payment from the customer before transferring the ownership of goods. The international business become more successfulwith the integration of 4
technology(Poulis, and Poulis, 2018). The advancement of technology attract customers toward them. It improve global communication and transportation. Some areas of advancement in technology innovation in financial services ( facilitate better access to credit and more sources of money),innovationinhealthcare(digitallyprovidehealthcareservices),innovationin infrastructure(smarthighways,electronictoolingsystem,warehouses)andinnovationin government services. After collapse of communism markets the world has slowly moving global economic system and liberalisation. With the dissolution of communism market countries start expanding their businesses at globally(Kotler, and et.al., 2019).The dissolution give a positive effect on international trade. Other countries invite companies to invest in their countries capital. The growth of business is totally depend on it customers demand. Customers demand is mainly based on brand position. Customer attract with those products easily which have high market value. The sale process is more and more under customers control. Sale of the products is affected by various reasons such as quality of product, rise of middle class customers, rise of female customers,diversification in new technology. International brands are established by big business houses are run globally(Zhao,Zhang,and Kwon,2018). Such as BPO- business processing units, amazon, or all e-commerce businesses. These business houses have been established themselves in different countries due to high demand. Competitive environment is also a factor that influence international trade. This environmentischangefromonecountrytoanother.Whenacompanyenterintonew environment it become difficult to identify the source of competition. Tesco face competition at global level. There are number of retailer present in global economy who offer substitute products at lower price. CONCLUSION From the above it has been evaluate that, the factors affecting international business are both positive as well as negative. This trade is suitable for multinational companies. International business help to create relationships among the different countries. It provide export and import facility of products and services to the developing countries. To increase trade facility globally government should impose less restrictions. It bring the nation together. Itunite the countries and make the world a big global village. International business gives opportunities as well as competition to the entrepreneur. World trade organisation play a major role in export and import of goods and services. The organisation give some laws and regulation regarding trade. 5
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Countries are developing infrastructure as per international norms to develop international trade. Thisincludelaws,policies,technology,banking,transportationetc.consumerbehaviour changing due to innovation in products and services. Global operation of an organisation leads to develop good qualities products. 6
REFERENCES Books and Journals: Backus, D.K., Kehoe, P.J. and Kydtand, F.E., 2021.11 International Business Cycles: Theory and Evidence(pp. 331-356). Princeton University Press. Coscia, M., Neffke, F.M. and Hausmann, R., 2020. Knowledge diffusion in the network of international business travel.Nature Human Behaviour,4(10), pp.1011-1020. Dang, Q.T., Jasovska, P. and Rammal, H.G., 2020. International business-government relations: The risk management strategies of MNEs in emerging economies.Journal of World Business,55(1), p.101042. Fletcher, and et.al., 2018. Three pathways to case selection in international business: A twenty– year review, analysis and synthesis.International Business Review,27(4), pp.755-766. Hrechyshkina, O. and Samakhavets, M., 2019. Foreign trade of the Republic of Belarus in the international business environment. Kolk, and et.al., 2018. Multinationals, international business, and poverty: A cross-disciplinary researchoverviewandconceptualframework.JournalofInternationalBusiness Policy,1(1), pp.92-115. Kotler, and et.al., 2019. Influence of country and company characteristics on international businessdecisions:Areview,conceptualmodel,andpropositions.International Business Review,28(3), pp.482-498. Kurt, Y. and Kurt, M., 2020. Social network analysis in international business research: An assessment of the current state of play and future research directions.International Business Review,29(2), p.101633. Lindner,T.,Puck,J.andVerbeke,A.,2020.Misconceptionsaboutmulticollinearityin international business research: Identification, consequences, and remedies.Journal of International Business Studies,51(3), pp.283-298. Nielsen, B.B. and Raswant, A., 2018. The selection, use, and reporting of control variables in international business research: A review and recommendations.Journal of World Business,53(6), pp.958-968. Poulis, K. and Poulis, E., 2018. International business as disciplinary tautology: An ontological perspective.Academy of Management Perspectives,32(4), pp.517-531. 7
Van Assche, A., 2018. From the editor: Steering a policy turn in international business– opportunities and challenges.Journal of International Business Policy,1(3), pp.117- 127. Zhao, H., Zhang, F. and Kwon, J., 2018. Corporate social responsibility research in international business journals: An author co-citation analysis.International Business Review,27(2), pp.389-400. 8