International Construction: Wood and Concrete as Construction Materials
Added on 2023-06-04
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International Construction 1
INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION
By (Name)
Course
Professor’s name
University name
City, State
Date of submission
INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION
By (Name)
Course
Professor’s name
University name
City, State
Date of submission
International Construction 2
Executive Summary
This report discusses wood and concrete as international construction materials. It gives the
background information on the materials. Both concrete and wood have been used in
construction for many years. Wood has a positive impact on the environment and lifestyle of
people. It is environmentally friendly. It has a positive psychological effect on people.
Concrete manufacturing industries produces carbon dioxide that pollutes the environment.
Concrete can be used to control flooding.
The reasons behind the use of a particular construction material in a particular country are;
availability, the climate of the country and security. Wood is used in Australia because it is
readily available and the climatic conditions are suitable for wood construction. Concrete is
used in India because the components of concrete are readily available. The climatic
conditions in India require the use of concrete for construction.
Positive aspects of wood construction include; time-saving, aesthetic value, thermal
properties, acoustic properties, electrical properties, wide variations, sustainability, wood is
renewable, wood is good for health, less carbon dioxide, durability, and structural strength.
The negative aspects of wood construction include; lack of fire safety, warping, damage from
moisture and damage by insects. The positive aspect of concrete construction is; availability,
durability, strength, low maintenance cost, high aesthetic value, fire safety, wind and water
resistance, and heat resistance. The negative aspects of concrete construction include; the cost
of formwork, ductility, weight and low tensile strength.
The commonly used construction techniques in the construction industry today are;
prefabrication, building information technology, virtual and augmented reality, permeable
concrete and fly ash brick. The paper highlights how these techniques have been adopted in
Australia and India.
Executive Summary
This report discusses wood and concrete as international construction materials. It gives the
background information on the materials. Both concrete and wood have been used in
construction for many years. Wood has a positive impact on the environment and lifestyle of
people. It is environmentally friendly. It has a positive psychological effect on people.
Concrete manufacturing industries produces carbon dioxide that pollutes the environment.
Concrete can be used to control flooding.
The reasons behind the use of a particular construction material in a particular country are;
availability, the climate of the country and security. Wood is used in Australia because it is
readily available and the climatic conditions are suitable for wood construction. Concrete is
used in India because the components of concrete are readily available. The climatic
conditions in India require the use of concrete for construction.
Positive aspects of wood construction include; time-saving, aesthetic value, thermal
properties, acoustic properties, electrical properties, wide variations, sustainability, wood is
renewable, wood is good for health, less carbon dioxide, durability, and structural strength.
The negative aspects of wood construction include; lack of fire safety, warping, damage from
moisture and damage by insects. The positive aspect of concrete construction is; availability,
durability, strength, low maintenance cost, high aesthetic value, fire safety, wind and water
resistance, and heat resistance. The negative aspects of concrete construction include; the cost
of formwork, ductility, weight and low tensile strength.
The commonly used construction techniques in the construction industry today are;
prefabrication, building information technology, virtual and augmented reality, permeable
concrete and fly ash brick. The paper highlights how these techniques have been adopted in
Australia and India.
International Construction 3
The paper also discusses how construction techniques affect the environment. The paper
discusses how these construction techniques affect international construction. Prefabrication
construction technique makes the construction process faster. Building information modelling
and virtual reality techniques both impact international construction positively.
The paper also discusses how construction techniques affect the environment. The paper
discusses how these construction techniques affect international construction. Prefabrication
construction technique makes the construction process faster. Building information modelling
and virtual reality techniques both impact international construction positively.
International Construction 4
Table of Conten
t
Introduction.........................................................................................................................6
How Construction Materials Affect Construction Techniques, Lifestyle, and
Environment........................................................................................................................6
Reasons behind Use of Wood in Australia.........................................................................8
Availability..........................................................................................................................8
.Climate...............................................................................................................................8
Reasons behind the use of Concrete in India......................................................................8
Availability..........................................................................................................................9
Climate................................................................................................................................9
Security...............................................................................................................................9
Positive and Negative Aspects of Wood Construction.......................................................9
Time-Saving........................................................................................................................9
Aesthetic Value.................................................................................................................10
Thermal properties...........................................................................................................10
Acoustic properties...........................................................................................................10
Electrical Properties.........................................................................................................10
Variation...........................................................................................................................10
Sustainability....................................................................................................................11
Wood is renewable............................................................................................................11
Less carbon dioxide production........................................................................................11
Wood is good for health and wellbeing............................................................................11
Durability..........................................................................................................................12
Structural strength............................................................................................................12
Negative aspects of wood construction............................................................................12
Fire....................................................................................................................................12
Warping............................................................................................................................12
Moisture............................................................................................................................13
Durability..........................................................................................................................13
Insects...............................................................................................................................13
Positive and negative aspects of concrete construction....................................................13
Table of Conten
t
Introduction.........................................................................................................................6
How Construction Materials Affect Construction Techniques, Lifestyle, and
Environment........................................................................................................................6
Reasons behind Use of Wood in Australia.........................................................................8
Availability..........................................................................................................................8
.Climate...............................................................................................................................8
Reasons behind the use of Concrete in India......................................................................8
Availability..........................................................................................................................9
Climate................................................................................................................................9
Security...............................................................................................................................9
Positive and Negative Aspects of Wood Construction.......................................................9
Time-Saving........................................................................................................................9
Aesthetic Value.................................................................................................................10
Thermal properties...........................................................................................................10
Acoustic properties...........................................................................................................10
Electrical Properties.........................................................................................................10
Variation...........................................................................................................................10
Sustainability....................................................................................................................11
Wood is renewable............................................................................................................11
Less carbon dioxide production........................................................................................11
Wood is good for health and wellbeing............................................................................11
Durability..........................................................................................................................12
Structural strength............................................................................................................12
Negative aspects of wood construction............................................................................12
Fire....................................................................................................................................12
Warping............................................................................................................................12
Moisture............................................................................................................................13
Durability..........................................................................................................................13
Insects...............................................................................................................................13
Positive and negative aspects of concrete construction....................................................13
International Construction 5
Positive aspects.................................................................................................................13
Availability........................................................................................................................13
Durability..........................................................................................................................13
Structural strength............................................................................................................13
Maintenance cost..............................................................................................................14
Aesthetic value..................................................................................................................14
Fire safety.........................................................................................................................14
Wind and water resistance................................................................................................14
Heat resistance.................................................................................................................14
Skill...................................................................................................................................14
Negative aspects of concrete construction........................................................................14
Mixing, Casting and curing..............................................................................................14
Cost...................................................................................................................................14
Ductility............................................................................................................................14
Weight...............................................................................................................................15
Tensile strength.................................................................................................................15
Commonly used construction techniques of Australia and India.....................................15
Construction techniques in Australia................................................................................16
Construction techniques in India......................................................................................17
How housing techniques affect the environment and lifestyle.........................................18
Effects of construction techniques on local and international companies........................19
Conclusion........................................................................................................................21
References.........................................................................................................................23
Positive aspects.................................................................................................................13
Availability........................................................................................................................13
Durability..........................................................................................................................13
Structural strength............................................................................................................13
Maintenance cost..............................................................................................................14
Aesthetic value..................................................................................................................14
Fire safety.........................................................................................................................14
Wind and water resistance................................................................................................14
Heat resistance.................................................................................................................14
Skill...................................................................................................................................14
Negative aspects of concrete construction........................................................................14
Mixing, Casting and curing..............................................................................................14
Cost...................................................................................................................................14
Ductility............................................................................................................................14
Weight...............................................................................................................................15
Tensile strength.................................................................................................................15
Commonly used construction techniques of Australia and India.....................................15
Construction techniques in Australia................................................................................16
Construction techniques in India......................................................................................17
How housing techniques affect the environment and lifestyle.........................................18
Effects of construction techniques on local and international companies........................19
Conclusion........................................................................................................................21
References.........................................................................................................................23
International Construction 6
Introduction
Wood has been used as a construction material for more than a thousand years. Today wood
is still being used as a construction material. Wood construction is gaining more popularity in
certain countries (Ahuja, Jain, Sawhney, & Arif, 2016). There is a wide variety of wood. This
makes wood a favourable construction material. Wood is more economical in countries that
have vast forests.
A case study of global use of wood as a construction material is the Liina transitional shelter.
This is a temporary structure that can be used in cold seasons. It can also be used during a
crisis anywhere in the whole world. The building was designed by a group of international
students. Liina is mainly made up of wood materials and wood finish. It is designed to be
built in an efficient and fast way. It uses a system of prefabricated panels of timber. These
panels can be fabricated anywhere in the world because they are simple. All the components
needed to build Liina shelters can fit in common international shipping containers. It can
house a family of five members for a period of five years following a disaster.
The use of concrete as a construction material dates back to 6500 BC (Aleem and Arumairaj
2012). Many ancient structures were built of concrete. Concrete as a material has evolved
with time to become one of the most preferred material for construction due its flexibility and
compressive strength (Aleem & Arumairaj, 2012). Today strength is easier to achieve in
concrete as compared to those ancient times. Technology has also made the mixing of
cement, sand and water to make concrete less tedious through the use of rotary concrete
mixer machine made of an inclined conical drum shape made of blades at different angle and
position to ensure mixing is done in the right proportion (Aibinu & Venkatesh, 2013).
Reinforced concrete is concrete that has steel reinforcements to increase its strength.
Introduction
Wood has been used as a construction material for more than a thousand years. Today wood
is still being used as a construction material. Wood construction is gaining more popularity in
certain countries (Ahuja, Jain, Sawhney, & Arif, 2016). There is a wide variety of wood. This
makes wood a favourable construction material. Wood is more economical in countries that
have vast forests.
A case study of global use of wood as a construction material is the Liina transitional shelter.
This is a temporary structure that can be used in cold seasons. It can also be used during a
crisis anywhere in the whole world. The building was designed by a group of international
students. Liina is mainly made up of wood materials and wood finish. It is designed to be
built in an efficient and fast way. It uses a system of prefabricated panels of timber. These
panels can be fabricated anywhere in the world because they are simple. All the components
needed to build Liina shelters can fit in common international shipping containers. It can
house a family of five members for a period of five years following a disaster.
The use of concrete as a construction material dates back to 6500 BC (Aleem and Arumairaj
2012). Many ancient structures were built of concrete. Concrete as a material has evolved
with time to become one of the most preferred material for construction due its flexibility and
compressive strength (Aleem & Arumairaj, 2012). Today strength is easier to achieve in
concrete as compared to those ancient times. Technology has also made the mixing of
cement, sand and water to make concrete less tedious through the use of rotary concrete
mixer machine made of an inclined conical drum shape made of blades at different angle and
position to ensure mixing is done in the right proportion (Aibinu & Venkatesh, 2013).
Reinforced concrete is concrete that has steel reinforcements to increase its strength.
End of preview
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