International Environmental Law Assignment
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Added on 2020-10-22
International Environmental Law Assignment
Added on 2020-10-22
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INTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTAL LAW
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................1Background environmental pollution..........................................................................................1Relation between Ghana and Togo.............................................................................................1Impact of environmental issues on health...................................................................................1Concept of environmental conflict .............................................................................................2Brief description of what ADR is about and Advantages and disadvantages ............................2Power based Approach................................................................................................................3Rights based Approach...............................................................................................................4Interest based approach...............................................................................................................4Conclusion...................................................................................................................................5QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................5Background of International Court of Justice and UN security council.....................................5Enforcement in term of law.........................................................................................................6Case of ICJ with judgement........................................................................................................6Reason of not being able to enforce their judgement .................................................................7Conclusion...................................................................................................................................7CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTIONInternational laws are considered as the set of rules that are accepted as binding inbetween nations. It works as a practice to stable relationship between different countries. Presentstudy discusses about the concept of environmental conflicts and alternative dispute resolution(ADR) methods. Furthermore, it explains power, interest and right based approaches of ADR ininternational cases. In addition to this, study describes the case of ICJ with judgement andreasons of not being able to enforce their decision. QUESTION 1Background environmental pollutionPollution can be defined as contaminants that are present in natural environment whichcause adverse effects on surrounding. Due to these elements, adverse changes occur in theatmosphere which causes difficulty for the population. Pollution can get increased due tochemical substances, noise, etc. (Moore, 2014). In the present case, cement factory of Ghana atAflao boarder produces 100000 bags of cement. Due to its production activities, fumes movethrough air medium and impact on environmental condition of Togoi. Due to this, health ofpopulation gets affected and they suffer from various types of diseases. Industrialization is themain cause of increasing environmental pollution. This impacts negatively on the naturalresources and destroy surroundings (Wallensteen, 2015). Use of fossil fuels by industries arecreating such type of issues. Environmental pollution now has become the greatest challenge forentire world. Relation between Ghana and TogoTogo border is closure with Ghana. Both these geographical areas share most of theirtribes. It is located on south Coast of West Africa bordering on Ghana. Both these locations havestrong political connections (Barsky, 2014). Both these areas create economic opportunities forcitizens of African states. Impact of environmental issues on healthPollution impacts negative on health of human being to great extent. Due to changes insurroundings air, water, land pollution gets increased. If there is air pollution then it may causebreathing issues, nausea, headache, skin irritation among citizens. Water pollution causes1
gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea etc. Increasing air pollution is the main cause of chronicdiseases, tuberculosis, malaria, neonatal infections, etc. (Gready and Robins, 2014). Concept of environmental conflict Environmental conflict manifest itself as social, political, economic religious, ethnic andterritorial conflicts (Roche, Teague and Colvin, 2014). The conflicts can range over othernational and resource related issues as well. Due to constant increase in the problems and crisisthat are faced by the environment. It has now become more appropriate that it must be ensuredby the authorities that whether the steps that are being taken by them are effective enough for theenvironment or not. Conflicts may arise due to constant difference in the opinions. Theincompatibility may make the assessment difficult that particular steps must be taken by theauthorities or not (Burnett, 2016). Key conflicts related to environment includes, forestry, land, natural resources,environmental air quality and biodiversity. Managing environmental conflicts helps in ensuringthat all the tools and approaches have been used by the authorities to ensure that environment issafe. It becomes important for the authorities to opt for tools and approaches that can help inmanaging the issue. Conflicts may generate due to existence of war and even when disagreementis present within the decision making of two countries (Boer, 2016). It can be stated thatenvironmental conflict is basically a specific social situation which is inclusive if minimum twoparties so as to ensure that optimum utilization is initiated with the available scarce resources. Itis not appropriate to damage the environment just to generate profits for the organization. It isimportant to ensure that it is able to take into consideration all the important aspects with respectto the environment (Fodha and Seegmuller, 2014). When conflicts take place between the two parties, it is likely that there are several impactswhich can be inclusive of physical harm to both the individuals, impact on base of naturalresources, adequate impact on the overall productivity levels and conflicts may arise with respectto the livelihood as well (Friedman, 2015). It also leads to bring adequate amount of change inthe environment or not affecting the overall health and livelihood of various individual. In thisscenario, it becomes important to ensure that the steps that are taken by the organization isappropriate enough with respect to the choice of method being initiated by the concernedauthorities (Fodha and Seegmuller, 2014). 2
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