International Intercultural Management

International Intercultural Management 1
International Intercultural Management
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International Intercultural Management 2
Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Theoretical Frameworks........................................................................................................................5
Iceberg cultural model.......................................................................................................................5
Geert Hofstede Cultural Framework.................................................................................................8
Lewis Model....................................................................................................................................11
Organization Analysis..........................................................................................................................12
Conclusion and Recommendations......................................................................................................13
References...........................................................................................................................................16

International Intercultural Management 3
Introduction
Culture is an essential aspect of peoples' lives and country’s wellbeing, since it
influences views, values, and loyalty, among others. Working closely with people helps to
build relationships according to the cultural norms of a nation. Building diverse communities
is vital to ensure improvement of living conditions and resolve issues that affect inter-
relationships. As such, countries must respect and appreciate cultures to build strong alliances
with different ethnic groups.
Culture entails shared characteristics and attitudes that defines relationships in terms
of aspects such as religion, food, and dressing, and music among others. Zimmermann (2017)
associated culture with existing patterns or attitudes shared among individuals to form
relationships critical during socializations. A national culture facilitates establishment of links
considered powerful to achieve common goals. The globalized nature of modern economies
and markets creates a conducive environment for multinational corporations to venture in
other nations (Ogbuigwe, 2012). Thus, companies can provide products and services across a
diverse environment and enjoy benefits associated with reduced manufacturing costs in some
countries, increased market for products, and availability of raw material.
The US and the UK markets have their unique cultures, which influences trading
partners. Since every cultural grouping has its unique strengths and themes, unity can be
essential for solving problems and developing civic activities (Ayres, 2015). Therefore, a
nation that respects and acknowledges other cultures prevents racial bias and ethnic divisions.
The cultural concept helps to provide intellectual tools, which facilitate building of an
effective national structure, therefore, various concepts are developed by bringing together
communities (Tylor 2012). Some of the ideas include cohesion and socially-held norms that
contribute to the sense of purpose and meaning.

International Intercultural Management 4
Cultural diversity plays a vital role in a nation and acts as a component of social
coexistence and economic prosperity. Executive leaders of multinationals manage global
corporations working in environments that require inter-cultural leadership. Different cultures
portray variety of behaviours between genders associated with cultural norms. According to
Zimmerman's theory, gender differences reveal varying personality traits across cultures of
the world (Douglas & Arenberg, 1978). In addition, thoughtfulness and personal relations
revealed a cultural decline as people grew older but friendliness revealed a long-term cultural
decline (Douglas & Arenberg 1978). This notion implies that the young generation has
greater concerns for cultural characteristics, which declines as they age and appreciate each
other’s uniqueness.
The corporate scene in the modern business environment is quite complex, and
although countries have established trading blocks, culture can hinder organizational growth
of multinational corporations. According to studies, cultural and creative sectors are vital for
economic development. In this case, the contributions to culture is a representation of
investments in sustainable events and a way to stimulate self-confidence. Moreover, cultural
development encourages innovation, especially in entrepreneurship and attraction of investors
(Leite, et al. 2016). Countries need to promote integration of culture into sustainable
developments and strategies by raising awareness among stakeholders. Creation of
partnerships among cultural policy-makers and stakeholders requires mutual trust.
Businesspeople can promote cultural and creative sectors to strengthen competitiveness.
According to the Iceberg theory, the external cultural aspects constitutes what can be
seen just like the tip of an iceberg, located above the waters. In real sense it relates to
behaviours that are visible among people of different cultures (Thompson, 2018). As such,
Individuals may pretend to be kind while they still harbour hatred to individuals of different
cultures. When a population respects culture and engagement, there is an excellent focus on