International Management - Assignment

INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT
UNIT III
International Perspective of
Organizational Behavior

WHAT IS M OTIVATION ?Motivation is the word derived from the word ’motive’ which means
needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals In the work goal context
the psychological factors stimulating the people’s behaviour can be -
 desire for money
 success
 recognition
 job-satisfaction etc
One of the most important functions of management is to create
willingness amongst the employees to perform in the best of their abilities.
Therefore the role of a leader is to arouse interest in performance of
employees in their jobs. The process of motivation consists of three stages:-
 A felt need or drive
 A stimulus in which needs have to be aroused
 When needs are satisfied, the satisfaction or accomplishment of goals.

CLASSICAL THEORIES OF M OTIVATION
The motivation concepts were mainly developed around
1950’s.Three main theories were made during this period.
These three classical theories are- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg’s Two factor theory Theory X and Theory Y
These theories are building blocks ofthe contemporary
theories developed later.The working mangers and learned
professionals tilldate use these classicaltheories to explain
the concept of employee motivation.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
Abraham Maslow is well renowned for
proposing the Hierarchy of Needs Theory in
1943. This theory is a classical depiction of
human motivation. This theory is based on the
assumption that there is a hierarchy of five
needs within each individual. The urgency of
these needs varies. These five needs are as
follows

 Physiologicalneeds- These are the basic needsof air, water,food,
clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs
for basic amenities of life. Safetyneeds-Safetyneedsincludephysical,environmentaland
emotionalsafety and protection.For instance- Job security,financial
security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc. Socialneeds- Socialneeds include the need for love,affection,care,
belongingness, and friendship. Esteem needs- Esteem needs are oftwo types:internalesteem needs
(self-respect,confidence,competence,achievementand freedom)
and externalesteem needs (recognition,power,status,attention and
admiration). Self-actualization need- This include the urge to become what you are
capable ofbecoming / whatyou have the potentialto become.It
includes the need for growth and self-contentment.It also includes
desire forgaining more knowledge,social-service,creativity and
being aesthetic.The self- actualization needs are never fully satiable.
As an individualgrows psychologically,opportunities keep cropping
up to continue growing.

IMPLICATIONS OF MASLOW'S HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS THEORY FOR MANAGERS As far as the physiological needs are concerned, the managers
should give employees appropriate salaries to purchase the basic
necessities of life.  As far as the safety needs are concerned, the managers should
provide the employees job security, safe and hygienic work
environment, and retirement benefits so as to retain them. As far as social needs are concerned, the management should
encourage teamwork and organize social events. As far as esteem needs are concerned, the managers can appreciate
and reward employees on accomplishing and exceeding their
targets. The management can give the deserved employee higher
job rank / position in the organization. As far as self-actualization needs are concerned, the managers can
give the employees challenging jobs in which the employees’ skills
and competencies are fully utilized. Moreover, growth
opportunities can be given to them so that they can reach the peak.

LIMITATIONS OF MASLOW’S THEORY It is essential to note that not all employees are
governedby sameset of needs.Different
individuals may be driven by different needs at
samepoint of time.It is alwaysthe most
powerfulunsatisfied need thatmotivatesan
individual. The theory is not applicable in case of starving
artist as even ifthe artist’s basic needs are not
satisfied,he willstillstrive for recognition and
achievement.