International Project Management: Improvising Manufacturing Processes through Factory Process and Factory Forward Process

This research report discusses the challenges of managing global projects and highlights the concepts of factory process and factory forward process. It also discusses the importance of improvising project standards and quality with supporting case. The report emphasizes the significance of process innovation and how it can lead to cost and time saving without compromising the quality of goods and services. The report also suggests certain actions that need to be taken in order to improve manufacturing processes in the most effective manner.

RESEARCH REPORT
ON INTERNATIONAL
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
The ways through which manufacturing companies improvise their process innovation by
factory process and factory forward process...............................................................................3
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
International project management refers to the projects that involve into multi-national
resources as well as teams those are working together in order to attain appropriate project goals
and objectives (Lukianov, Mazhei and Gogunskii, 2019). Managing global projects represents
unique challenges. With the help of globalization, businesses tend to be no longer restricted
within their national boundaries. Their basic purpose to expand internationally consists of certain
aspects that includes enhancement in market share along with reducing the overall cost by
leveraging international talents and resources. The global scale is responsible to create an
environment of rapid change and project managers are highly aware about time zones, different
cultures and rapid changes within the projects.
This report will highlight the concepts in detail by illustrating factory process and factory
forward process. Apart from this, the study will also discuss about improvising project standards
and quality with supporting case.
MAIN BODY
The ways through which manufacturing companies improvise their process innovation by factory
process and factory forward process
Factory process also known as process manufacturing is a production method that helps to
create goods by combining supplies, raw materials and ingredients by utilising a formula or
recipe. It is frequently used within industries that produce bulk quantities of goods and services
in any industry. Industrial manufacturing levels within the United Kingdom have been falling
from decades but process innovation is gaining steam and could give a boost to the struggling
sector (Azodo and et.al., 2019). Factory processing of products such as heating and air
conditioning system, food processing equipments, flow control pumps, etc. have been
specifically a hard hit. Industrials employ the highest proportion of manufacturing labour within
the country. Process innovation is all about implementing and designing of new and significantly
improved business processes whether it is in the production process or delivery process, they are
highly focused towards improvement of the procedure, productivity and reducing wastage within
the establishment. This includes the utilisation of new methods or tools in order to help
enterprises that highly satisfy customer needs.

Innovating procedure requires a combination of skills, technologies and facilities to boost
their efficiency. If the innovation processes within an establishment have been done in correct
manner, then it leads to cost and time saving without compromising the quality of goods and
services. This helps to increase performance level among employees. Although, they always
occur within the organization but can be understood and visible to everyone or even the
customers. Hence, the results are concrete in nature and reflect the reason through which the
establishment executed the innovation strategy (Chantasiriwan, 2020). This will include certain
examples such as a firm can change the software that had been used in their supply chain along
with in their delivery system. At that specific point of time, process innovation has been used to
deliver new products or else improve the existing goods as well as services. Companies are able
to innovate certain processes among varied areas such as manufacturing, information system and
customer services.
In order to describe the example of process innovation that improve with the factory
process and factory forward process includes the Henry Ford Assembly line which is the most
common example which explains the ways through which the processes have been innovated.
They are the ones who utilises the process innovation in order to develop their first moving
assembly line (Ali, Mahmood, Ikram and Ahmad, 2020). The major and foremost function of the
assembly line was to prepare interchangeable automobile components in simpler manner that
simplified the assembly procedure. It is the reason that the assembly line approach came to
manufacture. In their innovation, Ford created a logical flow by a process of timing it. The
moving assembly line utilised a chain mechanism in order to bring the work to their employees
rather than have them moving around the car.
As per the firm, the vehicle assembly become less complicated part and with the duration
reduces from 12 hours to 90 minutes. The production costs of production were reflected in their
Model T which came at decreased price and this enhanced their number of buyers. In order to
illustrate the significance of process innovation and factory forward innovation, it has been
identified that the managers, business owners as well as other stakeholders should become fully
aware about the aspects that is being incorporated into innovating processes which is effective
enough to add more values in order to justify their necessary investments into their offered good
and services. These are on certain basis such as:

 Quality: Enhanced and improved quality is one of the most significant and apparent
benefit of process innovation. Changing varied aspects of company, processes optimise
product development. The employees or management are able to look at some specific
areas that have been failing ad come in front with new and advanced approaches to
remedy them (Thomas, 2018). This is the way through which new processes lead towards
product innovation.
 Consumer satisfaction: Effectual and better quality of products and services boosts
consumer satisfaction. However, the consumer is not picky to the innovations. With the
help of these processes, the firms are able to create their own solutions that help to meet
and perhaps exceed customer expectations. The more satisfied the customers are, the
more loyal they become.
 Increased productivity: Businesses can able to increase their productivity through
process innovations; this is the major reason that this becomes a valuable investment for
the establishment. With the help of improved methodologies as well as other systems
assist in order to reduce the time that has been taken by them to complete the tasks.
Hence, the workers can accomplish more within the similar period or dedicate their saved
time towards other duties (Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi and Lazarova-Molnar, 2019).
Procedure modifications and process reengineering provides an understanding to their
firm to become fully aware that every change is not qualifies as innovation. For process
modifications or business procedure reengineering the establishment counts upon their
innovation practices that make them fully valuable enough to bring more customers towards
their firm. The innovation enhancement should be enough to produce a considerable impact
over the key performance indicators. It is basically a fundamental element of any successful
enterprise. It allows the firms to improve the ways in which they are able to operate varied
systems. This also enhances the overall value. Although the process innovation technique
does not get as much attention as other innovation types that has been considered within the
enterprise. Therefore, enterprises should craft concrete process innovation strategies in a way
that corresponds with a company bottom line.
In context of cheekily, it states that it is also a business process management software that
allows the firm to document processes and create checklists for everybody in order to follow
their aspects of working. They have to become highly ensure that the procedure runs perfectly

each and every time. This will help in reduction of errors and continuously improves business
processes (Ghaleb and et.al., 2020). The management track their processes and their tasks that
they are performing for the betterment of the firm assist them to know exactly where everyone is
with the process or not and if not necessary actions must be taken to make each and every person
fully aware about the innovation that is being going on within the enterprise. Collaboration and
allocation of resources and the tasks to the best people of the organization helps them to achieve
their set targets in most effectual manner.
Every type of innovation requires appropriate project management procedure which is based
upon three theories of management such as management as planning, the dispatching model as
well as thermostat model. It is basically referring to the set of activities required to produce the
project’s final outcome. It is generally performed into linear manner with the help of traditional
methods and incrementally through agile methods. Globalization and the free market philosophy
are creating customers new and advanced demands and requirements that needs to be fulfilled by
the firm in each and every manner because the customers are the foremost and primary people
who are responsible for the success of the firm. Hence, the firms always have to face challenges
related to raising company performance. It is highly logical that the ensuing competition is
compelling establishments to develop products and services in rapid manner, with cheaper and
better in order to maintain or increase competition advantage in the global market place.
Furthermore, these international forces are impacting the ways the management manage their
projects that are going to be performed in the international markets (Baire and et.al., 2019).
Sometimes, the firms in order to achieve high amount of advantages requires virtual teams in
order to manage businesses that has become an important option as firms are able to overcome
from certain barriers of time along with geographical locations. Whether it is a product, service
or result, virtual global teams are effectively able to employ for managing projects in most
effective manner. Hence, the global outsourcing is the most common business practices
nowadays. Most significantly, in the global environment of intense competition in order to
realize and sustain competition advantages, establishments must place importance on how the
practices project management.
In context of manufacturing process, it is quite significant to streamline their production
processes which are vital to such type of manufacturing companies’ success. Still they have
certain space for further improvements within the organizations. It is very much significant to

improve manufacturing processes that helps in improving project standards. Constant
improvements help in order to eliminate inefficient ways of working in order to achieve
higher productivity, at both on the basis of individual as well as company level. By
evaluating the procedure on a regular basis and thoroughly the management will learn to spot
and spot bottlenecks more quickly. It will predict future problems and streamline workflow
accordingly. This will help the products to become famous in most rapid manner within the
external market where all other competitors are also available. This also assist in improving
product quality along with certain amount of benefits in together manner that helps to
achieve higher customer satisfaction and loyalty levels, high turnover and maximises their
profitability. After all it has been identified that satisfied customers make more repeat
purchases. It is very much painful for the management or employees that their hard work
remains undone with certain implications from ineffective workflow management. When the
production procedures have been improved and adopts above average working standards into
operating processes, the employees as well as the whole firm is appropriately able to gain
competitive advantages which helps the firm to stand out from the crowd and make their own
position within the external environment.
In order to improve the manufacturing procedure into most effectual manner, there are
certain actions that need to be taken which helps them to gain appropriate advantages in most
effectual manner such as:
 Analysis over the current workflows: The starting can be done by the staff or teams
only when they are fully aware about the path that needs to be followed by them. With
the help of three perceptions such as personnel which helps to identify the correct people
those are having right skills in the correct place and at the appropriate time (Mizuno and
Bodek, 2020). With effectual process, the firm also have to evaluate the processes at
which the obstacles persist. And last is the tools and technologies, that they are always
into good condition and the establishment are utilising more recent technology in order to
meet business goals which is highly required and significant along with certain ways to
alter production procedures into most effectual manner.
 Modernization of technologies and processes: Once the current workflows have been
mapped and identified, then the time occurs in order to determine whether the firm have
to modernize or improvise their procedure as well as technologies in order to get

appropriate and successful results for the betterment of the firm along with representing
good and great image of the firm in front of their other competitors. Sometimes the
manufacturing process requires specific amount of automation and new or advanced
software that helps to improve planning, monitoring as well as stock management by
appropriately controlling the services as well as specified measures. If the new
technologies have been considered into processes, the whole procedure becomes effectual
for them to be utilised in their long run of duration. The total cost of ownership also has
been considered in complete context that would change as well as reduce total cost of
ownership.
 Paying specified attention to planned maintenance: Due to the lack of planned
maintenance, the production processes are not able to perform in most effective manner.
By neglecting the maintenance, the firm have to face a lot of drawbacks in order to make
their services appropriate in every sense. In order to avoid such situations, the
management staffs have to respond quickly and effectively when any problem arises.
Setting of fix date and time at regular intervals had maintain the plans into most effectual
manner, observe and listen closely to shop floor personnel in order to determine the best
timings of schedule the planned maintenance which provides appropriate experiences
which is invaluable in this respect (dos Santos Garcia and et.al., 2019). It has also been
advised to not postpone maintenance for too long as the longer they will wait, the worse
they will make the hidden issues and problems for the firm.
Along with these above discussed techniques, there are other 5S model that can be used by
companies for improving their manufacturing process and improving quality of products and
services. 5S model is all about getting lean manufacturing floor organised. it is an effective
structured process that enables employers in arranging everything and resources in an effective
manner and at optimal place. It can increase productivity and overall outcome of manufacturing
process. This approach is easier to implement. Implication of 5S model for improving
manufacturing process include:
Sort: For manufacturing products, employers require using number of resources and need to
sort. It is important for employers to separate materials, items and tools that are useful from those
that can be eliminated.

Set in order: By separating resources and all materials, employers find easier in finding all
things at that time and completing manufacturing process without any problem.
Shine: Making workplace clean and mess free is also important as it can also make
employers and producers able in improving overall performance and smooth manufacturing
process (Randhawa and Ahuja, 2018). So, as per this stage, employers need to give workplace a
thorough clean so that there is no dirt to cause machinery faults and health and safety risks.
Standardise: By recording standard operating procedures for each manufacturing
process, employers and producers can make this process effective and smoother.
Sustain: It is important to maintain this approach by it can be done by following standard
operating procedure and by making sure that all workers at workplace are skilled as well as
trained. Employees are considered as one of the most important resources of the company as they
are the one who follows all rules of workplace safety and manufacturing process so, employers
need to provide them training and make sure that they are working in an effective manner.
By following this approach, manufacturing companies can make themselves beneficial in
number of ways such as: they can improve overall quality of products and services because this
approach eliminates waste that caused by disorganisation (Rizkya and et.al., 2021). When things
and materials are disorganised at workplace then team members have to walk somewhere to find
in order to complete manufacturing process and it may delay in completing manufacturing
process and can lead frustration among workers. So, on the basis of this, it can be said that by
removing all these small blips at workplace and in the system, manufacturing process can be
completed in a smooth and effective manner.
There are number of risks, associated with international project management and one of the
main problem that can affect success of projects is: poor quality. Poor quality in manufacturing
international projects can affect image of company and overall performance as well. Along with
this, financial risks, economical risks, liquidity and distribution disruption. For decreasing
quality related risks, it is suggested to companies that they should implement operational
management approaches such as: total quality management, six sigmas, just in time and others.
Total quality management: Total quality management is a continuous process of detecting
as well as reducing errors in manufacturing process. It enables project managers in making sure
that workers are up to the speed with training and it improves customers’ experience (Gathoni

and Van der Walt, 2019). The aim of this operational approach is to involve all parties in the
production process and improving quality of products.
Six sigma: It is also an approach of eliminating defects and improving overall
manufacturing process to help and boost productivity. It is a statistical and data driven approach
in which employers limit mistakes by reviewing the whole process. Main focus of this approach
is on improving quality by decreasing mistakes and errors.
CONCLUSION
It has been summarised from the above study that improving quality in manufacturing
process is vital as overall success relies on the quality of products and outcomes. It has discussed
different manufacturing process that can be used by companies for improving quality and
making process effective. It has further shown effectiveness of 5S manufacturing process model
and ways by which companies can improve quality. This model plays a vital role as it eliminates
waste in the whole process of manufacturing and organise all materials and resources at
workplace. This study has discussed some advantages that companies can take by improving
manufacturing process and improving quality of products such as: taking competitive
advantages, improving overall productivity and increasing customers’ satisfaction. Some
different types of risks have also been discussed that are associated with international project
management and ways to mitigate them for making project successful.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Ali, A.A., Mahmood, A., Ikram, A. and Ahmad, A., 2020. Configuring the drivers and carriers of
process innovation in manufacturing organizations. Journal of Open Innovation:
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noise level. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1378, No. 3, p. 032062). IOP
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Baire, M. and et.al., 2019. A wireless sensors network for monitoring the Carasau bread
manufacturing process. Electronics. 8(12). p.1541.
Chantasiriwan, S., 2020. Increased energy efficiency of a backward-feed multiple-effect
evaporator compared with a forward-feed multiple-effect evaporator in the cogeneration
system of a sugar factory. Processes, 8(3), p.342.
dos Santos Garcia, C. and et.al., 2019. Process mining techniques and applications–A systematic
mapping study. Expert Systems with Applications, 133, pp.260-295.
Gathoni, N. and Van der Walt, T., 2019. Evaluating library service quality at the Aga Khan
University library: Application of a total quality management approach. Journal of
Librarianship and Information Science. 51(1). pp.123-136.
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selection of manufacturing process. Advances in Materials Science and
Engineering, 2020.
Lukianov, D., Mazhei, K. and Gogunskii, V., 2019, December. Transformation of the
International Project Management Association Project Managers Individual
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Information Theory (ATIT) (pp. 506-512). IEEE.
Mizuno, S. and Bodek, N., 2020. Management for quality improvement: The seven new QC
tools. Productivity press.
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industry 4.0 for improving energy efficiency in smart factories. Ieee Access, 7,
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Randhawa, J.S. and Ahuja, I.S., 2018. An evaluation of effectiveness of 5S implementation
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