International Relation and Global Economy

This article discusses Australia's diplomatic approach and steps in the making of a treaty. It also highlights the mis-implementation of trade laws and its impact on bilateral relations with China and USA.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL RELATION AND GLOBAL ECONOMY
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International relation and global economy
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Q 9.1
Australia has attempted to achieve its diplomatic aims several times; the most common
incident is the Vienna Convention. The convention was aimed at establishing diplomatic
relations with various countries globally. It was established on 14th April 1981 and held on 18th
April 1981 at the NeueHofburg in Vienna, Austria. The convention came into effect on 24th
April 1964. It comprised of 60 nations as the signatories. The second instance is when the
Australian embassy in America expressed its compliments that some parts of the treaty were not
compatible with Australia's position, in so doing Australia wanted to fulfill its diplomatic
obligations by pressuring the American government not to publish the treaty citing that it would
not have any additional purpose of the Australia sanction of the treaty.
Australia based its diplomatic approach on ideology, this situation made Australia go out
of the way given that the country enjoyed benefits with the US such as trading, culture, military
benefits as well as political benefits. According to Laurence the tread that Australia exerted
could have led to the termination of the treaty. (2009).
Secondly, some of the trade relations that Australia enjoyed with China were not
implemented accurately. The trade laws were drafted to protect both countries and let them enjoy
mutual benefits, the same case applied to the USA, Consequently, the mis-implementation of
these laws led to Australia ruining the bilateral relations it had with China and USA. This as a
tremendous impression hence Australia was privileged to experience trading relations with
superpowers regarding that China is rapidly advancing in technology and USA has a humungous
economy which would have aided Australia in strengthening its economic ties (Arthur 2011)

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Q 9.2 Steps in the making of a Treaty
Proposal
This is the process where the parties making the treaty need to come to an agreement on
how they want to make the treaty. The treaty must be based on something; it might be on
political grounds, religious grounds or in terms of trade relations. This is the part where the
parties decide what matters will be incorporated in the treaty (Brennan, 2005).
Negotiations
This is where the parties in need of the treaty recommend by means of deliberation the
treaty they will need to make their agreement effective. This might involve adding or discarding
the content on the treaty they had initially proposed of creating.
Draft document
A draft document in a treaty is a summary of the treaty being created. It is one of the
maturing stages of a treaty. It refers to a document that is a product of the two parties’ proposals
and negotiations in the initial stages. The parties produce their cohesive thoughts and ideas and
table them, then formulate the ideas into a draft document (Tobin 1993).
Final draft
These are the concluded ideas that make a treaty. The ideas will then be suddenly adopted
into an agreement that might later come into effect.
Authentication of the final text

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This is a pivotal stage in the treaty-making process, it involves verification of the final
document and government endorsement, in addition, the document must be signed by all parties
in accordance to the international treaty. The principal reason for this stage is to ascertain that the
document is authentic and genuine.
Consent to be bound
This is a stage where the state or other organizations of international law concerned with
treaty-making will consent, the appropriate body, therefore, ensures that the treaty fulfills the
obligations of the international law before it extends into effect.
Ratification:
Ratification comprises the head of the body governing international law consenting to the
treaty; this is where the treaty is verified whether or not it is against the constitution of the
international law. In some cases, the treaty might be enacted by members of parliament who are
conversant with the constitution in order to ensure it aligns with the law.
Treaty enters into force; a treaty cannot enter into action when it is adopted. Consequently, in the
treaty-making process, it is defined when the treaty comes into effect.

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References
Arthur, S. (2011). US Treaty-making with Americans Indians.Dept of Govt, Harvard University.
Brennan, S. (2005). Treaty. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press.
Laurence, R .H (2009) Terminating Treaties, Virginia L R 157.
Tobin H, (1993) The Termination of Multipartite Treaties, (Columbia University Press, New
York 1993)