International Relations Assignment (Solution)

International Relations - How
does terrorism come to an end

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TOPIC ........................................................................................................................................1
ARGUMENT..............................................................................................................................1
STRUCTURE.............................................................................................................................1
JUSTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND FOR THE TOPIC ..............................................................................................1
DEFINITIONS AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................2
PRESENTATION, OBJECTIVE REVIEW AND VALIDATION FOR THREE ARGUMENTS
..........................................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
TOPIC
This report focuses on “How does terrorism come to an end” it is a great issue and topic
for researches or studies. Religious extremism is one of the main drivers of terrorism in recent
years. It is generally determined as the threat or use of violence to promote a political inception.
ARGUMENT
The study argues that leaders of terrorist organisations often abuses religion to recruit,
spread and justify their heinous activities and ways in which terrorism can be ended.
STRUCTURE
This paper is framed in a specific structure with three main parts, firstly it will include the
context of topic and secondly, it will consist a brief literature with appropriate academic sources.
In addition to this the last part of the paper will include presentation, objective review and
validations.
JUSTIFICATION
The reason for choosing his topic is that nowadays most of the individuals believes that
religion is a main element or cause that give rise to terrorism. Therefore, it is important to
examine this subject or topic so that new ideas can be developed to minimize or end terrorism.
BACKGROUND FOR THE TOPIC
Religion or differences among different religion often give rise to violence and wars
which results into deadly terrorist attacks. Terrorism is a very concerning and serious issue
which has dominated and invaded the lives of people in UK and US since the attack on Twin
towers, New York in 11.09.2001. This incident brought a radical change in the world, anxiety,
fear, hate etc dominated and still affecting individuals (Religious extremism main cause of
terrorism, 2016). The discussion related to terrorism has become a part of many lives, while the
media plays a great role in delivering the latest new and updates on this issue or problem which
helps help to keep people updated and informed. According to many researchers and debated it
has been observed that religious difference is a major driver for terrorist that encourage their
dangerous and harmful activities. In order to understand and identify different ways to end
terrorism various investigators and researcher have analyzed terrorism all around the world
(Alonso, 2017). There are diverse perspectives of authors and examiners which needed to be
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studies deeply so that proper conclusion can be made. Terrorism needs to be stopped in order to
develop peace among nations and make people feel safe & secure.
DEFINITIONS AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Academics, security experts, politicians and journalists, all utilize a different or varied
definition to define terrorism. Some definitions focus on mode of operations in terrorist
organizations whereas other explains the characteristics and motivations of terrorism (Hain and
Pisoiu, 2017). There are various sources of information related to the chosen topic which can be
used to understand different perspectives and ideas. In this section appropriate sources of data
such as books, articles and journals will be examined to develop a better understanding related to
activities performed by terrorists and its impact on society or its people (Religious extremism
main cause of terrorism, 2016).
According to CC Combs, Terrorism is an act that includes at least four elements such as
it has a political goal or motive, it is an act of violence, it is a staged to be played before an
audience whose reaction of terror and fear it the desired outcome. In their book the authors also
demonstrated various other possible definitions related to terrorism which they attained through a
survey of leading literature and academics in the same field (Combs, 2017). They defined that
there can be different elements which can be responsible for the development of terrorism or
activities related to the same.
In an article by Zulaika, J., & Murua, probability or possibilities of future terrorist attacks
has been discussed. One of the author argues on terrorism that it functions as a self-fulfilling
prevision, by ignoring reality to fit in their views related to the world and its people. Self-
fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly and indirectly enable itself to become true.
Terrorists are the individuals which develops an aggressive behaviour or characteristic to harm
people with different religion, group or nation to obtain a satisfaction and feel powerful. It has
been argued that terrorist does not have target specific individuals or group of people their main
target is the government of a nation (Zulaika and Murua, 2017). Utilisation of terrorism for a
political cause has been increased in recent years. Modern terrorism came largely into existence
after the world war 2nd with the increase in national movements within the old empires of the
European power.
Korstanje in his book “Terrorism, Tourism and the End of Hospitality in the 'West'”
explores the ways in which contemporary threat of terrorism is influencing industries such as
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tourism in many countries like US and UK. The authors also stated that there can be a specific or
stable definition for Terrorism. This study examined that tourists or visitors continue to travel
nations troubled with terrorism and violence even when there is perceived threat or risk
(Korstanje, 2017). It has been a great topic for argument that tourism industry does not get
affected by terrorism and activities related to it. On the other hand it has been concluded that
government is of a country greatly gets affective by terrorism.
PRESENTATION, OBJECTIVE REVIEW AND VALIDATION FOR
THREE ARGUMENTS
The above research and examination concluded that there are different perceptions
related to terrorism. There are three main arguments which had been deduced from the study
which can be presented, reviewed and validated as below -
1. It can be argued that terrorism can be ended with the help of improved education system
in the rural areas or countries which are less developed. Most of the terrorists belong to
nations which are not much powerful and developed in terms of economy, status or
global position. In order to end terrorism from the root it is very important to keep young
children away from violence, inequality and other elements that can encourage an
individual to become a terrorist. Education can be play a vital role in building peace,
love, humanity and equality among people. An interview was conducted for identifying
the effectiveness of education in ending terrorism concluded that 60% people believe that
improving education and learning can be helpful (Laqueur, 2017).
2. The second argument developed by researcher stated that government policies and
operations can also assist for putting terrorism to an end. Due to the development of
various terrorist organizations number of terrorists has been increasing at a high level
which makes them feel strong and more powerful. It might be possible that changing
government policies and improving security system can end terrorism. Anti-terrorism
groups or bodies can be developed to monitor and control any abnormal or harmful
practices. This can be a great move to break strength of terrorists who are targeting
innocent civilians for self-fulling prophecy (Terrorism, 2016). The interview conducted
for different specialists and authors concluded that improving security system within
nations can be very effective to control terrorism. 20% of the respondents supported that
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government can make suitable changes in their policies and safety measures to control
any harmful practices in the country (Religious extremism main cause of terrorism,
2016).
3. The last argument largely differs from above discussions as it focus on areas which are
not getting affected and can be considered as a strong element that defend terrorism. It
argues that tourism industry does not get influenced due to any troubled situation or risk
of terrorist attacks. Tourists are fond to visit places that attracts them even after
understanding the risk or threat. This can be used as a positive or effective element to
reduce or end terrorism (Zulaika and Murua, 2017). Development of tourism can help to
increase job opportunities and establish international relations among countries. These
relationship can be helpful to avoid major conflicts and elements that can create sense of
revenge among people. According to 20% respondents who took part in the interview
tourism practices can be useful to minimize conflicts and issues between countries.
CONCLUSION
The above report concluded that terrorism is huge concerning topic in the present world,
it is a great issue that affect safe and secure lives of citizens living in a country. Differences
among religion that give rise to violence and wars which leads to dangerous terrorist attacks. The
study also included various discussions and studies by authors on the selected topic. A literature
review was also developed for understanding terrorism briefly. Research concluded that there are
many discussion or arguments that support different ways to end terrorism such as development
of education, security and tourism system or areas. Although, there is no evidence or surety that
terrorist attacks or practices can be stopped by any method but it can be predicted that
government can reduce or eliminate it slowly by implementing the suggested methods. A
primary research was also used by conducting an interview to collect relevant information and
identify the perspectives of individuals related to terrorism and its end.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Combs, C. C. (2017). Terrorism in the twenty-first century. Routledge.
Zulaika, J., & Murua, I. (2017). How terrorism ends–and does not end: the Basque case. Critical
Studies on Terrorism, 10(2), 338-356.
Korstanje, M. E. (2017). Terrorism, Tourism and the End of Hospitality in the'West'. Springer.
Alonso, R. (2017). Victims of ETA’s terrorism as an interest group: Evolution, influence, and
impact on the political agenda of Spain. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(6), 985-
1005.
Hain, S., & Pisoiu, D. (2017). Theories of terrorism: An introduction. Routledge.
Laqueur, W. (2017). A history of terrorism. Routledge.
Online
Terrorism. 2016. [Online]. Available through: <https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism>
Religious extremism main cause of terrorism. 2016. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/nov/18/religious-extremism-
main-
cause-of-terrorism-according-to-report>.
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