International Relations Report docx.

Running Head: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
International relations
Report
Student Name
[Pick the date]

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1
Background
Bosnia and Herzegovina were considered culture rich in jewel of Balkan republics which was
earlier known as Yugoslavia. This belt suffered dramatically in the duration of 1990 because of
civil war in which three main groups were involved which were serbs, Croats and Bosnian
Muslims. Both material and social quality of this society were destroyed because of this conflict.
This conflict also reshaped proportion of minorities living in these countries along with
destroying person and professional relationships between members of various ethnic groups1.
During duration of 1991, it was explored that almost 31 percent of the Bosnian population has
been transformed into Serb, 17 percent remained with Croat, Bosniac percentage was 44%. In
addition, there was a small percentage of Yugoslav and other minorities like Roma/Sinti and
Jews. Earlier there was a mixed culture across ethnic lines related to marriage in 1991 in which
both Bosnia and Herzegovina were known for compatible ethnic which resulted in blending of
inhabitants related to various towns and villages2. In 1980s, there was a chain of transformation
related to social, economic and political settings across Eastern Europe. In this situation, it was
assumed that this transformation has a clear backup of Soviet Union which has built up tension
in Yugoslavia. In 1991, both Bosnia and Herzegovina have avowed their independence from
Yugoslavia. In 1992, there was a rise of genocidal civil war due to Serbian military intervention3.
Environment of heavy shelling and violence were reported in the form of people, land and social
setting which includes education system from 1992 to 1995.
Political impact
1 Ivo H. Daalder "Decision to intervene: How the war in Bosnia ended ," Brooking, December1,1998
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/decision-to-intervene-how-the-war-in-bosnia-ended/ (Accessed 7
March, 2020).
2 David N. Gibbs " The Srebrenica precedent." June 7, 2015https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/07/bosnian-
war-nato-bombing-dayton-accords/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=5a373aecd42aa6692b2e956caa29db22515567cb-
1583556506-0-AfefFe5nRD6Ap4TAPOccnTwCcQZBBJpP-
x86tB3wsZUzaXjoD2hiQdFPoY85tScX_Huclq4TnRrU_LpY_1QpZRnnCEbbGyQ4ObKBn-
TjVYODb36BqfrLEb3SNlXdTY3A0LUsbD9t9THzMrXfpytWzCXkNJTi-WCPtp-
waJPcnszqItSZlBxfxvAKFj-nxrju6kzM6-
JV5NR609ifhTiekm8y61GtEQRV8cAxzaRrcMglZ6PJWxaoYmIqKp04p0wMiyQpdFrh1gJV9rn4221YH
UXzQ4wDTw6jWBNf6pqb3U4Tf8Og-veik-
SEF4qsA3CGbHWJ5J7qS_233fPdy7cGA9xipb3YfGWhETQEUBCL5GtjmxnjhEKCf9Zs44RttNLO1mE2
sovPWJamq-BNMSOBpbM (Accessed 7 March, 2020).
3 John R. Schindler. "Forgotten failure in Bosnia." The national interest, August 20, 2012 10
https://nationalinterest.org/commentary/forgotten-failure-bosnia-7365 (Accessed 7 March, 2020).

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 2
Election was held in 1990 which resulted in coalition government formation by split power
between two parties which represents three ethnicities. Due to this tension inside and outside the
country arise. Both Bosnian Serb leader and Serbian Democratic Party resigned from the
government and formed their own assembly. This conflict gain more power when President
Izerbegovic proclaimed that Bosnias will gain independence. Bosnian Serbs were in support of
dominating Serbian state in Balkans which is known as Greater Serbia that supports Serbian
separatists4. Once United States and Europe identified Bosnia independence, Bosnian Serb forces
with the help of Milosevic started launching their military operations. They started attacking
Bosniak town near eastern Bosnia which included Zvornik and Foca. These forces were
expelling Bosniak civilians from social process to brutal process which was later recognized as
ethnic cleansing. The main objective was to change the demography of the region with the help
of military forces. In this situation, Bosnian forces tried to defend their areas but were not able to
control the situation which resulted in the control of Serb forces on almost three quarters of the
country and has set up their own governance in the east5. This conflict has taken many lives in
both populated as well as low populated towns of the country. Both Bosnia and Herzegovina
actually drew heavy support from the United States after gaining independence from Yugoslavia.
The United States played one of the major roles in ending Bosnian war which was known as one
of the lethal conflicts in Europe after the Second World War.
NATO involvement
Involvement of NATO has made this conflict very lethal by bombarding continuously through
airstrikes which lead to brokering of Dayton Peace agreement in 1995. In addition, around
20,000 troops were deployed by United States. This also become one of the most political
conflict points because of many congress members involved in policy debates by challenging
Bush and Clinton administration in the form of resolution and legal proposals. In 1995, United
States has actually become one of the major aid providers for Bosnia by supporting its territorial
integrity6. It has been found out that both U.S and EU have brokered unsuccessful rounds related
to constitutional reform negotiations and motivated leaders of different communities to come on
negotiation table in order to build a peaceful environment in an effective and efficient way.
Although there was no fix ordinance related to possible reforms. In addition, Many Bosnian Serb
leaders were looking for autonomy related to secession Bosnia. There were discussions going on
4 Shaughnessy, Elizabeth. "Memory and Conflict: Interviews with Youth of the Bosnian War." Jednak
Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne 9" Memory, Melancholy and Nostalgia" (2018): 33-42.
5 Piacentini, Arianna. "“Trying to Fit In”: Multiethnic Parties, Ethno-Clientelism, and Power-Sharing in
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 25, no. 3 (2019): 273-291.
6 Babuna, Aydın. "European integration, Bosnia-Herzegovina and stability in the Western Balkans: A new
strategy." PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 19, no. 2 (2014): 1-32.