International Security: Paradigms and Effects of Globalisation

This study discusses the paradigms of international relationship and their applicability on international security. It also explores the effect of globalisation on international security. The study is relevant to the subject of international relations and is applicable to various courses in colleges and universities.

Running Head: International Security
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Research questions...........................................................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
Reference List..................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
International or global security is the amalgamation of counteractive approaches that are abided
by international organisations and countries to ensure safety and mutual sustainability. The aim
of this study is demonstrate the learner’s grasp on international relationship. Overall purpose of
this essay is to formulate arguments against political considerations related to international
relationships. The concepts of international security are discussed in this study to demonstrate
ideas from conceptual paradigms in global relations and are applied in the context of Australian
foreign relations.
Research questions
The research questions for this study are given below.
 What are the paradigms of international or global relationship that can be applicable in
fields of international security?
 What is the effect of globalisation on international security?
Discussion
Conceptual ideas of international relationship and their applicability on international
security
This paradigm of international relationship compares merits of peace, security and power as
multiple approaches to evaluate international security. Croft & Vaughan-Williams (2017) state
peace and power can offer partial as well as flawed views. This has given rise to the notion of a
polarised framework, dominated by opposition between these two contrasting forces. The need
for new frameworks is a result of intellectual restrictiveness and exhaustion of prevailing

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orthodoxy. Security is denoted as an alternative paradigm that encompasses a majority of
benefits from the former concepts with an addition of a middle ground that has been initially
obscured. The argument exists with a process of comparison to insight quality that can offer the
concepts of fundamental elements in global relations. Paradigms of arms race and anarchy can
provide a significant feature to international relations, which is often considered immutable or
necessarily malign. Power and peace can be provided narrow and incomplete views of anarchy
and arms race.
Hence, it can result in negative and rigid interpretations, which is emphasised by power leaders
in an elemental inflexibility. However, Simpson (2018) contradict the leadership in peace often
give rise to over-optimism about their removability. In addition to this, security can offer a
balanced perspective to this scenario. Richmond (2015) explains accountability of duration of
anarchy does not essentially lead to negative views. In some cases, this gives rise to considerable
opportunity of progressive change that can exist among multiple nations and can provide a
foundation of realist-idealism. According to the findings of Dannreuther (2014), contemporary
international relationship provides an in-depth cultural comprehension that acts as a backdrop for
interaction among different beliefs and values. In addition to this, countries must be abiding the
standards of foreign communication for its survival in the global platform. The nations are
influenced by trade and exchange with their neighbours that create a beneficial social web.
Effect of globalisation on international security
Globalisation involves integration of multiple cultures and economies in an international network
through commerce, transportation and communication. Globalisation involves blend of regional
economies into international markets with trade and financial proliferation. According to this
process is made up of socio-economic, political, cultural and technological parameters. However,

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Silva, Braga & Marcondes (2017) argue the components of globalisation are not equally
segregated, nor the effect retains same influence on all countries. For instance, aboriginal regions
of Australia have undergone comparatively less globalisation than the metropolitan cities.
Another instance involves the factors where technological globalisation is more prominent in
urbanised settlements, in comparison to rural areas. As opined by Fierke (2015), nations are
under pressure on normative as well as functional grounds that can increase barriers that restrict
flows of capital and human resource. Nevertheless, Persaud & Vucetic (2018) argue nations face
significant obstacles in the present decade to retain political sovereignty against the dynamics of
democracy that leads to transnational governance.
Despite the deductions given below, a globalised world is unable to mitigate the problems
unilaterally. In terms of security, nations are unable to tackle their threats in an efficient manner.
As commented by Davies, George & True (2017), this leads in cooperation gap that further
worsens the risks relative to threats. Two major issues that can be considered in this event are
interstate conflicts and economic collapse. These give rise to refugee crises, genocides,
insurgencies, and ethnic cleansing. Acharya (2014) states that these crisis give rise to additional
threats in the spheres of climate change, nuclear weapons, oil depletion, population trends, drug
and human trafficking, cyber war and terrorism. Despite the impact of globalisation on security
events, it must be emphasised that it can reduce capacities of states to respond efficiently to their
respective security threats. Overall, it can increase the need for countries to mitigate threats
resulting from globalisation (Croft & Vaughan-Williams, 2017). In addition to this, nations with
intrinsic vulnerabilities can give rise to lack in cooperation in a global arena, the impact of which
is exposed to variations from interests and vulnerabilities.

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Conclusion
Based on the information given above, it can be concluded that in the presence of global
governance, it is likely to introduce strategic intervention in the near future to provide human
security. This may be categorised under national provisions and international relationships.
Absence of authorities that insure prevention and protection from global crises, like war can give
rise to added disparities among the personal welfare of nations. Moreover, states that stress on
security for its human resource but are unable to make ample provisions, it can be an obstacle to
intervene security approaches. Hence, it can be deduced that the concepts of international
relationships can be used to mitigate threats to global security in a long-ranged intervention.

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Reference List
Books
Dannreuther, R. 2014. International security: The contemporary agenda. New Jersey, United
States: John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=HNTFAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT9&dq=International+security:
+The+contemporary+agenda&ots=wx4UB2B3H5&sig=xLJIXeoqks3I3_PkjPBYLe9dW9Y#v=o
nepage&q=International%20security%3A%20The%20contemporary%20agenda&f=false
Fierke, K. M. 2015. Critical approaches to international security. New Jersey, United States:
John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=0z5PCAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT5&dq=Critical+approaches+to+international
+security&ots=tDZjUIM88n&sig=-gqDXZJsMULPDLKfYtthIejtYsE
Journals
Croft, S., & Vaughan-Williams, N. 2017. Fit for purpose? Fitting ontological security studies
‘into’the discipline of International Relations: Towards a vernacular turn. Cooperation and
Conflict, 52(1), 12-30. Retrieved from:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0010836716653159
Persaud, R. B., & Vucetic, S. 2018. Race in international relations. In Race, Gender, and Culture
in International Relations, 35-57. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Randolph_Persaud/publication/
285646689_Apertura_Race_in_International_Relations/links/5872c97508ae6eb871c51c75/
Apertura-Race-in-International-Relations.pdf
Richmond, O. P. 2015. The dilemmas of a hybrid peace: Negative or positive?. Cooperation and
Conflict, 50(1), 50-68. Retrieved from:

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https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/36198815/Cooperation_and_Conflict-2014-
Richmond.pdf?
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%20filename%3DDilemmas_of_a_Hybrid_Peace_Negative_or_P.pdf
Richmond, O. P., & Mac Ginty, R. 2015. Where now for the critique of the liberal
peace?. Cooperation and Conflict, 50(2), 171-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oliver_Richmond2/publication/
270609953_Where_now_for_the_critique_of_the_liberal_peace/links/
5a1eb61ba6fdccc6b7f8ae36/Where-now-for-the-critique-of-the-liberal-peace.pdf
Simpson, E. 2018. Professor Anatol Rapoport’s Contribution to Game Theory and Peace
Research. In Factis Pax: Journal of Peace Education and Social Justice, 12(1), 38. Retrieved
from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1148&context=politicalsciencepub
Online articles
Acharya, A. 2014. Global International Relations (IR) and Regional WorldsA New Agenda for
International Studies. International Studies Quarterly, [Online] 58(4), 647-659. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12171
Davies, S. E., George, N., & True, J. 2017. The difference that gender makes to international
peace and security. International Feminist Journal of Politics, [Online] 1(1), 34-39. Retrieved
from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616742.2017.1279904
Silva, A. R. A., Braga, C. C. V., & Marcondes, D. 2017. The Brazilian participation in UNIFIL:
raising Brazil’s profile in international peace and security in the Middle East?. Revista Brasileira

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de Política Internacional, [Online] 60(2). Retrieved from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?
pid=S0034-73292017000200208&script=sci_arttext