Analyzing Sustainable Tourism and Environmental Impact of Cruise Ships

This study aims to analyze the sustainable tourism and environmental impact of cruise ships from the perspective of passengers. It explores the passengers' perception of the environmental impacts and recommends measures to minimize them. The study highlights the need for reducing the environmental effects of cruise ships and suggests innovative technologies for achieving this.

International Tourism
Management Dissertation

Abstract
The present study aim to determine sustainable tourism and environmental impact of Cruise
ships from the perspective of passengers. Therefore, it is a wide area of investigation which is
effective in providing detailed information in regards to the area of suitable tourism and
environmental influence of cruise ships. In this present study, the overall study is based on
passengers perspectives in relation to the environmental situations which are affected through the
use of cruise ships. Thus, cruise ship is determined to be the most developing business which has
its major influence over the economic development of a country. In addition to this, cruise ship is
also recognised to be a major attraction of people, but has a direct impact over the environment.
In this present evaluation aim and objectives are developed that are incorporates over the
analysis of passenger’s perception of the environmental impacts of cruise ships and the influence
of cruise ship on the environment. In this, literature review is developed to executed a brief
analysis which in supportive in enhancing the understanding of individual researcher and learner
in relation to this specific investigation phenomenon. In addition to this, research methodology is
being developed that are supportive in executing the work in right direction. In this qualitative
research has been implemented as it is mainly supportive in developing detailed analysis in
relation to the specific area with the observation of people. Along with this, here, primary and
secondary both the tools are applied by the researcher as these two are significant in assisting the
overall work in right manner. Furthermore, results are analysed with the support of developing
interview as it is significant in conducting qualitative research and at the end conclusion and
recommendation area drawn over the findings of the research as conclusion is based on the
outcome of the analysis and recommendations are significant foe making appropriate
improvement in the operations of the business.

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Title:.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................5
Results..............................................................................................................................................8
Discussion......................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion and Recommendation 600..........................................................................................13
Introduction................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................16
Appendix........................................................................................................................................17

Title:
The title of the study is to analyse sustainable tourism and environmental impact of
Cruise ships from the perspective of passengers.
Introduction
Background of the Research
The present study initiates to analyse sustainable tourism and environmental impact of
Cruise ships through the perspective of passengers, Therefore, tourism is considered as a global
industry which mainly performs as the sustainable contributor to the development of countries.
Tourism development significantly renders many advantaged but these can be terms only if the
tourism is accessed in respect to enhance positive influence (Brida, Pulina, Riaño and Aguirre,
2013). On the opposite side negative influence are kept to a minimum, thus these mainly
includes degradation of environment, waste of resources, pollution, cultural commodification,
disturbance to wildlife and landscape, displacement of host communities, trivialisation and
undesirable activities. Cruise tourism is recognised to be the most growing segment of the travel
and tourism industry, thus for the reason of having high mobility it is often one of the primary
aspect of tourism to relocate to new host environments and it is pleased through transition
economies that are looking to develop foreign revenue. Cruise ships are mainly produces a wide
range of waste streams which can result in discharge to the marine environment which involve
multiple aspects like hazardous wastes, sewage, oily water, solid waste and ballast water. In
addition to this, cruise ships also emit high air pollution. Cruise ship also generate high carbon
dioxide, therefore, this mainly have a huge impact over the living of people, thus the passenger
of cruise ship mainly concern over reducing the CO2 for maintaining good health condition, as
the the number of passenger of cruise ship is decreases which create pressure upon the
government or the cruise industry to implement suitable measures for the purpose of reducing
environmental impact (De Grosbois, 2016).
Justify the Study
The existing exploration is essential because it is effective in developing the
understanding in regards to the area of determining the impact of cruise ships over the
environmental from the passengers opinion. Therefore, this study mainly develops knowledge in
regards to the marine industry. Cruise ship is recognised to be the most developing industry as
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people are very much attracted towards spending their vacations of cruise ship, as these are very
much effective and concern over providing efficacious facilities to the people, therefore, cruise
ships are also recognised to be the key source of economic development. Now a day's individual
are also conscious about their health condition and knows about the adverse impact of cruise ship
over the environment (Gössling and Peeters, 2015). Thus the large ships generate emission of
greenhouse gases that contributes to the climate change, waste through ship that cause pollution
and decrease the resilience of marine ecosystems and damage to fragile coastal and marine
environments. Cruise ships that carries in around thousands of individual in close proximity to
each other can render an environment for the rapid spread of contagious diseases and outbreaks
of gastroenteritis and less commonly of Norovirus and Legionnaires Disease, can be a serious
cause for concern. Therefore, for reducing the environmental impact the marine industries are
concern over implementing innovative technologies that are significant in reducing the carbon
effects.
Rationale of the Research
The study into consideration is based on analysing the impact of cruise ships on the
environment from the passengers perspectives. Therefore, it is a wide area of investigation as it
is effective in developing academic knowledge in regards to the area of the impact of cruise ships
over the environment. The present study is mainly executed because it is a most common issue
which has direct impact over the economic condition of a country, therefore, cruise tourism is
recognised to be the most growing segment of leisure tourism which is increasing around 7.2
percent since the year of 1990 and considered as the major contributor of a countries economic
growth. However, this study is effective in providing in-depth exploration in regards to the
impact of cruise ship over the environment. In addition to this, the exploration is also effective in
providing information with the perception of passengers and how the environment impact can be
reduces for generating more growth and economic development (Larsen, Wolff, Marnburg and
Øgaard, 2013). This exploration explores that the cruise ships also impacted the environment
through enhancing the pollution as the cruise generates harm full gases which are impactful for
the ocean animals as well as it also generates organic or inorganic waste. In today's modern era
people are very much concern about their health condition and wants to reduce the the negative
impact of cruise ships over the environment. The higher rate of ship passengers has increasing
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the pressure over the cruise companies to develop appropriate changes in their operations that are
effective in reducing the environment impact.
Research Aim
This defined to be the imperative area of an investigation as it mainly refers as a
predetermined statement which is effective in determining the intention of executing the
research. The key aim of this investigation is “To analyse the impact of cruise on the
environment from the perspective of passengers”.
Research Objectives
Research objective mainly refers as a clear and conscious statement which are effective in
exploring the reason of executing an investigation, Therefore, this section of research is mainly
encompasses over the aim of the research as in this variables of the aim are determined in
different small statement. The key objectives of the study have been discussed below:
 To identify passenger’s perception of the environmental impacts of cruise ships
 To examine if passengers think their actions have impacts on the environment To make recommendations on how environment impacts can be minimized from the
passengers perspective.
Research Questions
The research questions that have been framed for the study have been discussed below:
 What are the passengers perception regarding environmental impact of cruise ships?
 What is the relation between passengers’ perception and environmental condition created
by the cruise ships?
 What strategies are being suggested by customers in order to reduce environmental
pollution created by cruise ships?
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Literature Review
Literature review is mainly determined as an effective aspect of the published sources or
the theoretical framework which is based on a specified area of study. In addition to this, it is
defines as a clear and concise evaluation which is effective in rendering a detailed analysis,
classification, comparison and evaluation of a specified investigation (Edgell Sr, 2019). This
section of investigation is mainly comprises over developing theoretical framework with the
support of analysing research questions that covers aim and objectives of the work. Furthermore,
this section of an exploration is mainly developed via the support of secondary sources like,
books, journals, published articles, non published journals, newspapers and so on. In this present
study based on analysing the potential need of managing cultural diversity for enhancement of
organisational operations, literature review is significant in exploring the understanding in
relation to the same via gathering information from the opinion analysis of the authors and
writers.
According to the opinion analysis of Mia Bennett, 2017, the cruise ship industry is
defined to be an important and developing aspect to the united state economy, Therefore, the
industry of cruise ship has generate around 32 billion benefits at annual basis and develop
3,30,000 United States job, but also creates environmental influence of its activities. Cruise ships
are carrying thousands of passengers and crew have been compared to the floating cities and the
volume if waste which they produce is comparably wide, consisting of sewage, water through
sinks and galleys, solid waste, hazardous water, air pollution, oily bilge water and ballast water
and so on. Cruise ships are providing effective and satisfactory services to their customers, so
that individual are very much concern over taking benefits of cruise ships. Therefore, it also
produces multiple environmental effects like air pollution, waste and waste of water disposal,
thus the Montreal based tarragon renders multiple waste and wastewater tools to cruise lines
involving the micro auto gasification system and wastewater electrochemical treatment
technology (Walker and Moscardo, 2014). Polar shipping, ballast water etc. As per the analysis
of the passengers it has been stated that, people are using cruise ship facilities for their vacations
or visiting from one place to another but it is harmful for the health condition of people as it
produces waste and pollution which is has adverse impact over the human health. Cruise ships
mainly develops wide quantities of sewage bilge water, water through sinks and drains and solid
waste. These major environmental impacts has restrict the industry to work, so it is also
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important for the industry to develop appropriate measures in respect to reducing the
environmental effects. In addition to this, cruise ships generate a number of waste streams which
can result in discharge to the marine environment involving sewage, hazardous waste, gray
water, oily bilge water, ballast water and solid waste. Therefore, cruise ships also produces air
pollution which recognised to be the major reason of environmental affect. The individual state
that, it produces various health issues, so the user of cruise ship are increasing reduces, so it is
important for the business to implement effective and innovative technologies that are effective
in reducing the environmental effect and render appropriate facilities to the people (Mason,
2015).
According to the opinion stated by Andrew McMaster, 2017, cruise ships are known for
limbo, luxury accommodation and shrimp cocktails, therefore, these are mainly used by the
people from their unique attractions as cruise ships are providing effective accommodation, food
and any other needed services to their customers, but from the environmental perspective, they
known for staggering pollution. Thus, cruise ships are recognised to be the key reason which
creates environmental affects (Blancas, Lozano-Oyola and González, 2015). Environment safety
is recognised to be the primary obligation for a business or individual, so as a most developing
industry, it is important for the cruise industry to implement appropriate measures that are
significant for making environment protect from the emissions produces by the cruise ships, in
which some are like keep your waste at minimum, therefore, it is important for the ship
businesses to use recycle bins as majority of ship industry are using recycle bins for paper, glass,
cans and plastic and have some composting bins. In addition to this, reduce plastic usage is also
determined to be the another key measures which is significant for the cruise ships to be
implement for the purpose of reducing the environmental impact (Del Chiappa and Abbate,
2016). Furthermore, cruise ships are also needs to implement effective and innovative
technologies that are effective for reducing energy consumption, making less gas realises and
reduce the use of oils , therefore this create value for the business in attaining higher growth and
success and also create value in reducing the adverse impact on environment.
Research Methodology
An investigation methodology is defined as the most appropriate source which is mainly
executed to explore, select, process and determine the data in regards to a specific investigation
area. This section of investigation is based on the selection of suitable applications that are
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significant for an investigation to assist the overall work in right manner to reaching at the key
outcome (Blancas, Lozano-Oyola and González, 2015). The present evaluation is based on
analysing the sustainable tourism and environmental impact of Cruise ships from the perspective
of passengers, therefore, in this appropriate methodologies are needs to be determined for the
intention of reaching at the key results (Scott, 2011). The appropriate selection of methodologies
are associated as under:
Type of Investigation: A research is mainly executed for addressing an issue in effective
manner, therefore, in the implementation of a research process the key obligation of an
investigator is to select the most appropriate tool for assisting the work in right manner. This
section of research is mainly encompasses over qualitative and quantitative research
methodologies, Thus the choice of research is based on the data accumulated regarding the
chosen subject area (Aall, 2014). In the context of this present exploration work, qualitative
research method has been applied by the researcher as it is effective in developing detailed
analysis that are in-consist over qualitative means. Qualitative research is effective in providing
in-depth analysis that our income passes over non-numerical data as in this information is being
gathered by the analysis of human perception.
Research Approach: This is an important area of research methodology as it is effective in
providing your part to the investigation to develop information in regards to a specific research
phenomena. Research approach is mainly of two types deductive and inductive research
approach them for the selection of approach is based on the type of investigation. In this present
exploration work inductive approach has been applied by the researcher as inductive research
approach is significant for qualitative analysis and helps in gathering information that are based
on qualitative aspects (Carić, 2016). Inductive approach is effective in gathering valuable
information in relation to the area of determining the environmental impact of cruise ships, with
the help of executing analysis through analysing theories and hypothesis that are significant for
the analysis.
Research philosophy: Research philosophy is mainly defined as the procedure of accumulating
evaluating and implementing information in appropriate to me this section is mainly incorporates
over Interpretivism and positivism research, therefore, in this present investigation and analysis
Interpretivism philosophy has been applied by the researcher as it is significant in gathering
information via the views analysis of others. The major reason behind choosing Interpretivism
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philosophy is that it is effective in interpreting elements of research study based on analysing
sustainable tourism and environmental impact of cruise ships, with the help of integrated interest
over this present area. In addition to this, Interpretivism philosophy is efficacious in rendering
appropriate results through the perspective analysis of authors and writers (Weeden, Lester, and
Thyne, 2011).
Data collection Sources: Data collection is mainly incorporates over primary and secondary
source of information accumulation there for in the context of this present exploration both
primary and secondary tools are appropriate to conduct the analysis in effective manner. Primary
research is effective in Catherine data for the very first time significant in which specific study
phenomena. Primary research is executed with the help of conducting analysis with the support
of interview. On the other side secondary sources such as books, journals, published articles and
non published articles are effective in developing descriptive analysis. Secondary research is
important in developing theoretical framework which in turns in creating value in exploring the
detailed analysis.
Data Sampling: It is likewise a basic angle with respect to the determination of reasonable
individuals to assemble data. It is a measurable investigation instrument which is applied to
choose, deal with and break down the information so ends can be drawn out in appropriate way.
It helps the researcher in concerning the information that will be gathered and investigated.
There are two techniques for information inspecting which are probabilistic and non probabilistic
data sampling. In this present research work, interview has been select as the key sources of data
collection and respondents are picked through applying convincing sampling from the non-
probabilistic sampling tool, in which individual are picked from a specified group (Goodwin,
2011). In this sample size of 30 has been taken to conduct interview for the intention of gathering
valuable information, in this information is mainly gathered through the passengers who are
regularly using the services of cruise ships.
Ethical Consideration: This perceived as the essential thought of the researcher to follow
inquire about morals in regard to do examination work in right way. At the time of directing an
examination work analyst faces different issues regarding examination tasks which are requires
to be executed in right way and research ethics helps the investigator in usage of research
exercises in right way. It is fundamental for the researcher to guarantee their members about the
wellbeing and security of their own data. Anyway researcher ought not solicit any sort from
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individual data and don't hurt the sentiment or feeling of respondents. Alongside this analyst
requires to be engaged after some time of the examination, accordingly it is basic for the
researcher to build up a time frame in regard to appropriate execution of research tasks (Weaver,
2012).
Results
Data analysis is defined as the procedure of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and
modelling information with the end goal of discovering useful data to informing significant
results and supporting appropriate decision making. Information analysis has multiple facts and
approached that are mainly encompasses over diverse tools and techniques under an assorted
names that are implemented in different aspects like business, social science domain, science and
so on (Carić and Mackelworth, 2014). In the context of this present investigation work data
analysis is based on evaluating the information accumulated in regards to the area of analysing
the aspect of sustainable tourism and environmental impact of Cruise ships from the perspective
of passengers. Therefore an appropriate analysis is effective in assisting the overall investigation
in right direction to reaching at the key outcome. In this present investigation results are based on
conductive qualitative analysis with the potential support of developing interview as it is the
most suitable tool of qualitative analysis and significant in gathering valuable and actual data that
are supportive in nature and helps the investigation in reaching at the key results. In addition to
this, it has been stated that, in this analysis is being done through thematic analysis as in this
themes are developed to draw valid and reliable results (Maragkogianni and Papaefthimiou,
2015). Therefore, in this thematic analysis is effective as it is efficacious in developing themes
over the questions of questionnaire as it provides a clear view to ask authentic questions from the
respondents to analyse the work in appropriate manner. The questions of interview are associated
as under:
Interview Questions,
1. Have you ever been on a cruise ship before?
2. Why do you prefer to travel on Cruise ship?
3. What do you think about cruise ships? Do you think they are harmful for the
environment?
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4. Why do you think so?
5. What are the challenges you face while travelling on cruise ship?
6. Do you think/believe that pollution is one of the challenges?
7. Do you think that somebody is doing something against this issue? Who?
8. Are you considering that you can do something as well? What responsibilities you should
have?
9. What steps can be taken by the government in order to reduce the pollution rate caused
by cruise ships?
10. What kind of harm do you think cruise ships cause?
11. What can other parties do against the pollution issues?
12. If they cannot improve/adjust the situation, will you consider travelling on cruise ships
again?
Thematic Analysis
Theme 1: Different people have different perception about ever been on a cruise ship before.
Interpretation: In this present analysis study has been executed over the area of determining the
perception of people in regards to using cruise facilities and majority of individual are using
cruise facilities at rapid bases as they are very much felling comfortable with the offering of the
cruise ships. In addition to this, few people are not ever been on the ships before. Therefore,
individual are having their own interest and majority of people are rapidly using cruise ship
facilities.
Theme 2: Individual are preferring to travel on Cruise ship.
Interpretation: In this present analysis interview is mainly executed over analysing the intention
of people to preferring travel on cruise ship, therefore different people have their own perception
and using cruise facilities for different reasons, therefore, some people are using cruise ships for
travelling because of its attraction and the confortable services as it also recognised to be a most
attractive aspect of vacations. On the other side few people are using cruise ship just because of
visiting one place to another. Few are also concern because cruise ships are providing easy and
comfortable travel which are suitable for youngsters and old age people.
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Theme 3: Individual have different perception regarding cruise ships and individual think
they are harmful for the environment.
Interpretation: In this existing study the over all investigation is mainly executed regarding
analysing the thinking of people about cruise ships and does they are harmful for the
environment, therefore, few of people said that, they think that cruise ships are attractive and
mainly used by the people for spending their vacations and visiting from one place to another
through floating on sees. In addition to this, few people said that these are only the expenses
occurred by the rich people and are creating environmental effect. Furthermore, majority of
people think that, cruise ships are harmful for environment as they are producing gas, pollution,
water waste, gray water etc. That are harmful for the environment and also generate issue for
environment.
Theme 4: Individual have their own perception of the same and why they think so.
Interpretation: From the analysis of the project it has been found that, majority of people are in
concern with the aspect that cruise ship cause environmental effect as it produces harmful gases
and pollutions that are effective for the nature and also create bad impact over the health
condition of people, so their perception regarding cruise ship is that they are creating bad effect
over the environment and needs to be make changes in their operations to reduce environmental
influences.
Theme 5: There are multiple challenges that an individual face while travelling on cruise
ship.
Interpretation: According to the interview analysis over the area of determining the challenges
which are mainly faces by the people while travelling on cruise ships, therefore, majority of
people said that, they are facing different issues like waste of water, gray water, pollution and
cruise ships generate bad gases which create co2 impact and these are harmful for the old age as
well as kids as they are not likely able to breath and facing numerous health issues like heart
dieses, skin problem and so on.
Theme 6: Individual has their own perception regarding the aspect that, the pollution is one
of the challenges.
Interpretation: In this existing study the overall analysis is being executed over the area of
analysing the perception in relation to the aspect that pollution is one of the key challenges for
the passengers who are using cruise ship facilities. Therefore, as per their opinion of majority of
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respondents it has been determined that, yes pollution is the major issue which affects the
environment adversely. Therefore, as per the opinion analysis of the respondents it has been
found that as per their perception pollution is a major challenge which is mainly faced by the
people while using cruise facilities.
Theme 7: The indivual think that somebody is doing something against this issue and who are
they.
Interpretation: As per the in-depth analysis of the project it has been evaluated that people are
doing a lit efforts regarding this issue, as the government of a country is implementing specific
rules and legislations to use appropriate technologies for reducing the pollution and its influence.
In addition to this, people are also making efforts like keep your waste at minimum, use recycle
bins, reduce plastic usage and implementing innovative technologies as these are the best way to
reduce the environmental impact and these steps are mainly taken by the government, industry
head, passengers and so on.
Theme 8: Are you considering that you can do something as well? What responsibilities you
should have.
Interpretation: From the evaluation executed over the area of analysing people own perspective
regarding their own contribution within reducing the environmental impact of cruise ships.
Therefore, in today’s modern era it is important for each individual to show their concern in
regards to reducing the environmental impact of cruise ship. As a human my key responsibility is
that I need to put appropriate efforts in reducing the impact of cruise ship by reducing pollution,
reducing waste, making less use of plastic and so on.
Theme 9: Here are assorted steps that can be taken by the government in order to reduce the
pollution rate caused by cruise ships.
Interpretation: According to the in-depth analysis of the project it has also been found that, here
are assorted step which can be taken by the government in order to reduce the pollution rate by
cruise ship, Therefore, government are taking effective step in connection to developing policies
and norms that are effective for environment, reducing the use of vehicles, implementing
innovative technologies and so on as these are the key steps which are initially taken by the
government to reduce the environmental impact and mainly pollution.
Theme 10: People think that different kind of harm does cruise ships cause.
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Interpretation: In this present exploration, the study is executed over determining the thinking of
people regarding which kind of harm does cruise ship cause, therefore, here are assorted harms
like consisting of sewage, water through sinks and galleys, solid waste, hazardous water, air
pollution, oily bilge water and ballast water and so on. Thus these are the major harm which are
caused due to cruise ship.
Theme 11: Individual has their perception over the area that other parties do a lot in against
the pollution issues.
Interpretation: According to the detailed analysis of the project it has been found that, majority
of respondents said that other parties do a lot in against the pollution issues, therefore, individual,
business and the people from society are concern over reducing the impact of environment which
are caused due to cruise ship,. Thus people are concern over making less use of transportation,
reducing wastage, using recycle bins etc. As these are the important steps that are taken by the
other parties.
Theme 12: Individual has their own perception regarding the area that, in case, If they
cannot improve/adjust the situation, will you consider travelling on cruise ships again.
Interpretation: According to the perception analysis of the individual respondents it has been
found that, people said if the situation of environment does not improve then they are not going
to using cruise facilities as they are mainly concern for reducing environmental effect rather then
taking the benefits of cruise ship or making fun. In addition to this people also said that these are
effective in generating health issue which are reducing the living age of people and cause
multiple health problems.
Discussion
From the detailed analysis of the study it has been discussed that, cruise ship ate recognised
to be the most effective part of sustainable tourism and plays a vital role in the economic
development of a country, therefore, cruise ships are also causing an adverse environmental
impact which had direct impact on the environment and the living of people. Thus cruise ships
are presenting incredible danger to amphibian creatures since they discharge a lot of carbon
dioxide. In any case, travellers going by voyage need to lessen the degree of co2 since they are
experiencing wellbeing related issues. In this way, oceanic industry is feeling the squeeze of
lessening carbon impressions. The report has additionally expressed that the voyage business has
offered help to 26 million clients a year ago. Voyage ships are frequently being named as
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skimming urban areas. Notwithstanding, travelers' carbon impression gets triple when they pick
travels according to method of movement. Further, it likewise discharges dirtying specialists like
fumes exhaust, junk and sewage into the sea. It has been noticed that voyage ships utilizes
substantial fuel oil, which builds the pace of contamination to a great extent. Of late, it has been
noticed that through travels pace of contamination is expanding at a fast rate since they neglect to
keep up air quality measures. From the evaluation of the project it has also been evaluated that,
the voyage transport industry is characterized to be a significant and creating perspective to the
assembled state economy, Therefore, the industry of journey transport has produce around 32
billion advantages at yearly premise and create 3,30,000 United States work, yet additionally
makes natural impact of its exercises. Voyage ships are conveying a huge number of travellers
and team have been contrasted with the skimming urban areas and the volume if squander which
they produce is similarly wide, comprising of sewage, water through sinks and galleys, strong
waste, perilous water, air contamination, sleek bilge water and counterweight water, etc. Journey
ships are offering powerful and acceptable types of assistance to their clients, with the goal that
individual are especially worry over taking advantages of voyage ships. In this manner, it
additionally delivers various ecological impacts like air contamination, waste and misuse of
water removal, along these lines the Montreal based tarragon renders different waste and
wastewater apparatuses to voyage lines including the smaller scale auto gasification framework
and wastewater electrochemical treatment innovation. Polar transportation, stabilizer water and
so on. Therefore, these are the major issues which are caused due to the use of cruise ship.
Conclusion and Recommendation 600
Introduction
This is the end stage of an investigation as it is based on the findings of the research as
conclusion is created to provide a brief idea about the results of the work. Therefore, it is
significant in providing a brief summary in regards to the outcome of the research. In addition to
this recommendations are also effective as these are imperative in making appropriate changes in
the operations and functions of the business as appropriate recommendations are provided after
completion of the business, this suggestions are might effective in gaining growth and success
for a business in future.
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Conclusion
From the descriptive analysis of the project it has been concluded that, sustainable tourism
is defined to the most effective procedure that visitors try to promote positive impact on
economy, environment and society after visiting a destination. Therefore, tourism is recognised
to be the most developing industry which has a huge contribution in the growth of economic
development, therefore, the growth and success of a country is merely based on the development
of tourism. Therefore, in today’s modern business environment the key motive each country is to
sustain tourism for making effective attractions and suitability of tourism is effective for a
country to grow and develop. From the analysis of the project it has been found that, cruise ship
is recognised to be the major attraction of tourism as the emergence of cruise ship has develop
the tourism. Cruise ships are providing effective accommodation and visiting facility from one
place to another via floating on river and sees, therefore, cruise ship are the major attraction that
are mainly preferred by the people to visit one place to another and taking benefits of the
effective offerings. Cruise ships are produces a wide range of waste streams that can result in
discharge to the marine environment that includes various elements such as hazardous wastes,
sewage, oily water, solid waste and ballast water. In addition to this, cruise ships also emit high
air pollution. Cruise ship also create high carbon dioxide, thus, this mainly have a wide influence
on the living of individual, thus the passenger of cruise ship mainly concern over reducing the
CO2 for maintaining good health condition, as the number of passenger of cruise ship is
decreases that develops pressure on the government or the cruise industry to implement suitable
process for the purpose of reducing environmental influence. The study also stated that, the
environmental impact of cruise ships are increasingly high and are needs to be reduced as
government and business needs to make appropriate decisions in regards to the reduction of
environmental affect. The study also state that, due to the higher environmental impact the rate
of cruise passengers are reduces as businesses are now concern over implementing effective and
innovative technologies for the purpose of reducing the adverse impact of cruise ship. From the
analysis of the project it has also been evaluated that passengers are also putting their efforts in
reducing the environmental effect as they are not taking any kind of waste material with them or
keeping water bottles that are reusable, using recycle bins, reducing water wastage etc. These are
the key steps which are taken by the people or businesses to reduce the adverse impact of cruise
ship.
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Recommendation
As per the study executed over the area of analysing the impact of cruise ships on the
environment from the perspective of passengers, therefore, this is a wide area of investigation as
it is effective in exploring an individuals’ knowledge and skills, in regards to the marine study.
From the analysis of the project it has been recommended to the cruise ship businesses to
implementing effective measures that are appropriate for making the environment safe and not
producing any issue for the people. The companies should implement effective tools of energy
consumption , therefore, the instructions are provided to the customers that, turns the light off
when they are not in need. In addition to this, it has also been recommended to the cruise
industry to implement advance water waste treatment technology therefore, the implementation
of new technologies mainly allows them to treat sewage water on board. As per the study over
this analysis it has also been recommended to cruise ships that, company should implement
cleaner exhaust, therefore, Exhaust is recognised to be the biggest environmental concerns when
it comes to cruise ships and marine vessels. Cruise ship should also use alternative power to
reduce the emission of gases and co2, therefore, it also effective in fulfilling the energy need of
ships and making them free from facing any issue regarding power or energy. The companies
should also implement green policies for the purpose of reducing the environmental impact as it
also effective in grabbing the attention of more customers as it is effective in providing effective
natural air and comfortable facilities to the customers. Cruise ship should also minimise waste
and creative composting, therefore, Cruise lines minimize the potential waste which comes on
board through partnering with suppliers to reduce packaging and some employ onboard
composting practices in order to reduce food waste.
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References
Books and Journals
Brida, J.G., Pulina, M., Riaño, E. and Aguirre, S.Z., 2013. Cruise passengers in a homeport: A
market analysis. Tourism Geographies, 15(1), pp.68-87.
De Grosbois, D., 2016. Corporate social responsibility reporting in the cruise tourism industry: a
performance evaluation using a new institutional theory based model. Journal of
Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), pp.245-269.
Gössling, S. and Peeters, P., 2015. Assessing tourism's global environmental impact 1900–
2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), pp.639-659.
Larsen, S., Wolff, K., Marnburg, E. and Øgaard, T., 2013. Belly full, purse closed: Cruise line
passengers' expenditures. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, pp.142-148.
Walker, K. and Moscardo, G., 2014. Encouraging sustainability beyond the tourist
experience: ecotourism, interpretation and values. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 22(8), pp.1175-1196.
Edgell Sr, D.L., 2019. Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge.
Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Del Chiappa, G. and Abbate, T., 2016. Island cruise tourism development: a resident's
perspective in the context of Italy. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(13), pp.1372-1385.
Scott, D., 2011. Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 19(1), pp.17-34.
Carić, H., 2016. Challenges and prospects of valuation–cruise ship pollution case. Journal of
cleaner production, 111, pp.487-498.
Weeden, C., Lester, J.A. and Thyne, M., 2011. Cruise tourism: Emerging issues and implications
for a maturing industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 18(1),
pp.26-29.
Goodwin, H., 2011. Taking responsibility for tourism (p. 256). Woodeaton: Goodfellow
Publishers Limited.
Carić, H. and Mackelworth, P., 2014. Cruise tourism environmental impacts–The perspective
from the Adriatic Sea. Ocean & coastal management, 102, pp.350-363.
Maragkogianni, A. and Papaefthimiou, S., 2015. Evaluating the social cost of cruise ships air
emissions in major ports of Greece. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and
Environment, 36, pp.10-17.
Weaver, D.B., 2012. Organic, incremental and induced paths to sustainable mass tourism
convergence. Tourism Management, 33(5), pp.1030-1037.
Aall, C., 2014. Sustainable tourism in practice: Promoting or perverting the quest for a
sustainable development?. Sustainability, 6(5), pp.2562-2583.
Blancas, F.J., Lozano-Oyola, M. and González, M., 2015. A European sustainable tourism labels
proposal using a composite indicator. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 54,
pp.39-54.
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Appendix
Interview Questions,
1. Have you ever been on a cruise ship before?
2. Why do you prefer to travel on Cruise ship?
3. What do you think about cruise ships? Do you think they are harmful for the
environment?
4. Why do you think so?
5. What are the challenges you face while travelling on cruise ship?
6. Do you think/believe that pollution is one of the challenges?
7. Do you think that somebody is doing something against this issue? Who?
8. Are you considering that you can do something as well? What responsibilities you
should have?
9. What steps can be taken by the government in order to reduce the pollution rate caused
by cruise ships?
10. What kind of harm do you think cruise ships cause?
11. What can other parties do against the pollution issues?
12. If they cannot improve/adjust the situation, will you consider travelling on cruise ships
again?
17