Analyzing Tourism Stakeholders' Networks

This assignment requires analyzing the relationships between stakeholders in the tourism industry. It involves identifying critical success factors and applying theoretical frameworks such as public-private partnerships (PPPs), institutional theory, and corporate social responsibility reporting to understand the dynamics of stakeholder networks. The assignment draws from literature on tourism development, PPPs, and corporate social responsibility, including research articles and case studies on the Niger Delta region and Bangladesh.

International Tourism Policy
and Planning

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Reasons for government investment in tourism and types of policy instruments available to
assist or control tourism sector....................................................................................................1
2. Review of national government approaches to tourism policy and planning outlined by
Hall, Dredge and Jenkins............................................................................................................5
3. Requirement of formal organisational structures for tourist destinations regrading effective
implementation of national tourism policies...............................................................................6
4. With reference of tourism destinations in Asia explain how cooperation and partnership
might be improved in the tourism sector through wider stakeholder involvement.....................1
5. International tourism organisations have affected tourism development using examples
from both developed and less developed part of Asia................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
.........................................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is considered as an activity which includes travelling for pleasure or business. It
can also be considered as the business of attracting, accommodating, entertaining tourists and
business of operating tours for purpose of promoting tourist destinations and development of
country. Tourism can be of two types called as domestic and international. International tourism
has both incoming and outgoing implications on the balance of payments of country. It is one of
the major sources of income for many countries and provides a high contribution in development
of society also. It is the duty of government to make different policies and strategies in
development of tourism sector.
Such policies govern the activities of different organisations which provide their business
functions in tourism sector. There are a large number of reasons recognised by the government to
make investment in tourism sector which are to promote economic growth, benefits of local
people, protection of environmental and cultural assets, etc. Tourist destinations also play an
important role in the development of tourism sector. Such destinations can be of two types i.e.
man made or natural. These destinations have the large number of power in the attraction of the
huge number of tourists. Singapore is a world class city where are a large number of man-made
monuments which attract a large amount of tourists (Logar, 2010).
In the present report, there will be discussion on different types of policy instruments to
control tourism sector and the major reasons which force government to invest in tourism,
national government approaches to tourism policy and planning given by Hall and Dredge and
Jenkins. Further, requirements of formal organisational structures for tourist destinations, higher
involvement of different stakeholders in improvement of cooperation and partnership in tourism
sector will be studied. Also, impact of developed and less developed parts of Asia on
international tourism organisations will be highlighted in the report.
TASK 1
1. Reasons for government investment in tourism and types of policy instruments available to
assist or control tourism sector
Singapore is the world class city which possesses a large number of man-made and
natural destinations. All such tourist destinations play an important role in the attraction of large
number of tourists. Tourism industry of Singapore is considered as the major contributor in an
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economy. It is observed that around 17.4 million tourists are arrived in Singapore in 2017 which
is more than 3 times of Singapore's total population. The city is environmental friendly and
maintain heritage as well as natural conservation programmes. It is one of the safest places to be
visited by families because it is having world’s lowest crime rate. As per the report of Travel and
Tourism competitiveness 2017, Singapore is ranked at 13th position out of 136 countries. In Asia,
it is the third best destination after Japan and Honk-Kong. This report also stated that Singapore
has the best business environment, international openness and travel and tourism policies.
All such tourism activities provide a large number of benefits in the development of
economy and society of Singapore. It is observed by the government that tourism industry has
4.2% share in GDP and a large number of employment opportunities are provided by the
organisations which are operating in this sector. The functions of such tourist organisation leads
to development of better infrastructure like transportation, communication, accommodation, etc.
Their business functions attract a large flow of cash in an economy which is further used in the
development of nation. The major reasons which are noticed by government which force them to
invest in tourism sector are higher economic growth, large number of benefits to local people,
large number of opportunities for economic diversification and skills upgrading as well as
protection of environmental and cultural assets (Hall, 2011).
Reasons for government investment in tourism sector:
Different reasons are defined elaborately as below: Strong link of tourism sector to economic growth: There is a high contribution of
tourism industry in the growth of economy. It is noticed that globally tourism industry
has 21% contribution in GDP. It helps government in removal of situation of poverty and
unemployment from the nation. The two popular resorts in Singapore are called as
Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa that provide a large number of seasonal
and permanent employment opportunities. There is a large number of receipts gathered
by Singapore's government from their tourism activities which is around $30 billion. It
has also been considered that there is high contribution of tourism activities in the
development of exports and attraction of large foreign capital. It also contributes their
support in the development of the industries of other sector also like food,
telecommunication, hotel, airlines etc. All such industries are interrelated to the tourism
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business. So, improvement in tourism activities helps in the overall development of all
other sectors. Tourism investments provides benefit to society: Tourism is considered as only one
industry where the goods and services are consumed at the site of production. This
provides an opportunity to local individuals of nation to take a large number of benefits
which are associated with such activities. A well planned tourism activities help in
effective management of various resources which are present in between rich to poor.
Government of Singapore noticed that a large number of employment opportunities are
provided by the tourist companies which are operating their functions. This will help in
the development of the living standards of people by earning high income. Tourism
industry also helps local individuals which are indulged in the business activities of
crafts, excursions, food and beverages, etc. Due to attraction of a large number of
tourists, such different local entrepreneurs get support to develop their business and
become self-sufficient.
 Protection of environmental and cultural assets: It is also one of the reasons which
binds the government to make investment in tourism sector. Main motive of government
is to protect their cultural and heritage assets and to promote the same across world.
There are a large number of natural and cultural heritage assets in Singapore like national
parks, coral reefs, rare species, monuments and ancient cities. So, the government has
role to provide proper amount of funds in preservation and protection of such areas. Thus,
the promotion of tourist destinations by government helps in attraction of a large number
of tourists and become the sources of revenue which are further used in regulation of
such tourism industry in a responsible manner (Cuccia and Rizzo, 2011).
Policy instruments to assist and control tourism sector
The main aim behind providence of such policy instruments is properly assist and control
the tourism sector in all over the world. These policy instruments also contributes in regulation
of the Singapore's tourism effectively and efficiently in the development of economy and society
of nation. Such policy instruments are divided into three parts economic, regulatory and
institutional instruments. Economic instruments includes environmental taxes, user fees,
financial incentives etc. Regulatory instruments includes quotas and Zoning and institutional
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instruments includes Eco-lables, change sin property rights etc. The different policy instruments
which provides direction towards sustainable tourism management are mentioned below:
 Tourist environmental tax: It is effective part of policy instrument which governs the
rules and regulations regarding tax levied on tourists for environmental purposes. The
main objective behind levy of such tax is to protect the environment and tourist
destinations of country from being polluted by the tourists. Such collected tax amount
further used by the government in the development of their destinations and preservation
of environment. The environmental tax should be levied on the basis high and low tourist
season which enables more equal distribution of the number of tourist which provides
stability of income. There are many ways which can be used in the collection of tax from
different tourist on the basis of arrival or departure, or number of days spend at a
destinations.
 Financial incentives: It is effective instrument which helps in influencing the behaviour
by increasing and reducing the prices which are charged on use of some particular
product or service. This is majorly applied in reduction of the negative impact of tourism.
For this purpose, government takes large number of initiatives which includes about the
providence of large number of emphasis on use environment friendly equipments for
water and energy saving at hotels by reducing the amount of tax, provide adequate of
subsidies and reducing import tariff (Hall, 2011).
 Quotas: This includes about the providence of limit to which the number of tourists are
admitted in any particular destination for any fixed period of time. After expiration of
such time period such certain places are closed. These places includes environmentally
fragile areas, exceed maximum number of settlement units or maximum number of
tourists and individuals allowed on any particular destination. So, the main purpose of
this instrument is to prevent the tourist destinations from overcrowding and degradation
of the natural resources.
 Eco-lables: The main purpose behind the use of this policy instrument is to satisfy the
certain environmental criteria. For this purpose, it can be applied on almost every
products and services which are provided to tourists like restaurants, beaches, tour
operators, accommodation facilities etc. The Blue Flag is considered as the the best
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international eco-label in tourism which provides awards to different beaches and
marines in 36 different countries worldwide.
2. Review of national government approaches to tourism policy and planning outlined by Hall,
Dredge and Jenkins
Hall, Dredge and Jenkins are scholar which provides their approaches regarding tourism
policy and planning. The main of all these policies is to effectively regulate the activities of
tourism industry in all over the world. Such policies provides large number of rules and
regulations which are required to adhere by every individual wants to provides their functions in
this sector. The main aim of research by all the scholars is to study about tourism planning and
policies from different perceptiveness and areas. From 1990, there is huge change in the tourism
policy where the role of government is more in policy making procedure. This will address the
major problems which arises in growth and development of the tourism and the concept of policy
sciences. Governance is the act which helps in solving the different issues which are arising in
tourism public policy and planning. It is observed by the researchers that large number of
importance is gathered regarding effectively treat the factors which have adverse impact on the
tourism activities like social, economic, political and environmental etc. Within the context of
policy learning, Hall provided that there is need to focus on tourism networking. It is necessary
that should maintain good networks which helps in development of tourism sector. It is also
observed by the researchers that there is huge contribution of the participation of community in
decision making and making the tourism activities sustainable in less developed countries which
helps in removal of poverty (Hall, 2011).
There is huge role is played by the tourism activities in economic development. Large
number of employment opportunities are created in nation which which in removal of the
situation of unemployment. This will provides large number of income sources to the individual.
It helps in development of the living standard of individual and their spending too. It provides
their contribution in the development of other industrial sectors which are interrelated to tourism
sector (Dredge and Jenkins, 2012). Tourism activities having their direct linkage to other sectors
includes agriculture, airlines, hotel etc.
In developed countries to attain the situation of economic development and
competitiveness in destinations is achieved through innovation. Government has important role
in tourism innovation and public policy setting. In this regard, Hall provides that to gain tourism
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innovation there is need to provide more focus on qualities versus wider networks and
relationships.
The implementation process of policy includes many steps which helps in effective
formulation of policies. The major steps which are required to be complied with are
administrative coordination and policy coordination which are required to effectively supported
by legislation. Policy implementers need to have adequate amount of powers which helps in
effectively enforce their decisions upon different members. It is provided that under the study of
policies and power in tourism many concepts and ideologies like exchange rate and visa control
is included. So, policy includes many things like actions, decisions, values, ideological beliefs,
communication, legislation, politics and implementation (Dredge and Jamal, 2015).
WTTC conducts the research which provides the information regarding importance of
travel and tourism to national economies in all the world in terms of job creations and economic
development. This will also provides that it helps in ascertaining the position of social stability,
community development and preservation of the culture and heritage of a country. In this regard,
government plays an important role by providing supportive physical, regulatory, fiscal and
social environment regulations.
OECD and UNWTO makes different studies which provides the information that role of
government is changed from last 40 to 50 years. Now the government playing pioneering role
which provides large number of responsibilities upon government to make huge investment in
basic infrastructure and other facilities to development of the areas of country for tourism.
National Tourism Administrations not only having the responsibilities of development of tourism
but also plays an important role in running also. NTA has large number of power regarding the
regulation of the different activities under tourism sector.
Tourism planning: It is considered as blueprint which provides emphasis on local
tourism industry,community, local business and government. It is considered as effective tool
which is used by the industry regarding assisting different aspirants of community. It can also be
said as the process of identification of different needs of individuals which is necessary to plan a
trip. It helps in making their trips more enjoyable. This will also includes the function of
coordination with government agencies which helps in improvement of infrastructure like
transportation, communication etc. The major areas which are covered under tourism planning
are:
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 Balanced development of tourism
 Promotion of the tourism activities and enhance their contribution in economic
development of nation.
 Promotion of sustainable tourism by securing natural and cultural heritage
 All other sectors of the industry should attain the benefits of tourism activities
 Reduction of the disadvantages which are born by nation due to tourism activities
Importance of tourism planning
 It helps in removal of adverse effects of tourism which has to be born by society and
economy of nation due to unplanned tourism activities
 Planning provides proper guidance and direction to the authorities of the different sector
to deploy their functions effectively
 Effective planning about the tourism activities helps in conservation of natural and
heritage tourist destinations
 Helps in development of infrastructural facilities
 Helps in promotion of tourist destination and attract large number of tourist
 Improved tourism receipts
National government approaches
This includes five different approaches which governs the activities of tourism industry.
Such approaches plays an important role in development of the tourism industry and effective
regulation of different functions. Such different approaches are mentioned below:
 Boosterism: It is effective approach which has main aim is to promote the town , city,
destinations and improve the image in between the individuals of society. This will have
large number of importance in making the tourism activities more established. It can also
be done in case of disputed governmental policies and arguable events to improve them
and attain large positive impacts.
 Economic approach: It is second approach which has main objective is to promote
economic growth and development in a destination. This will also includes the use of
marketing activities which helps in attraction of the large number of tourists. It provides
large economic benefits should attain through tourism activities.
 Physical approach: The main objective of this approach is risk assessment, appraisal and
allocation of resources, resource and landscape evaluation etc. The main point upon
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which the more emphasis is provide under this approach is to maintain the capacities,
physical infrastructure in build of good tourism activities.
 Community: In this approach more focus should be given on social and political factors
which have impacts on tourism activities. This includes about increase the participation
of public in development of the destinations regarding protection of the cultural values
and natural environment.
 Sustainable: It is considered as effective approach of tourism planning which consider
large factors like economic, environmental, socio-cultural etc. The main objective of this
approach is to secure tourism from adverse effects of such factors. This will helps in
minimisation decrease of natural resources, social instability, cultural disturbance and
environmental degradation. It helps in protection of environmental resources.
3. Requirement of formal organisational structures for tourist destinations regrading effective
implementation of national tourism policies
Destination Management Organisation: It is an organisation which provides their
services regarding effective management of the elements which are helpful in making up of the
destinations more attractive among tourists. The main functions which are performed by such
such organisation in regard to destinations are marketing, human resources, image, pricing, easy
access and attraction.
Therefore, Such DMO's not only having the role of promotion and marketing of tourism
destination but also have to take effective steps which contributes in development of
destinations. The main aim of such organisation is to develop formal organisational structure
which helps in effective implementation of the national tourism policies. Such coordinated and
strategic management helps in improvement of tourist incomes, attain the large number of
benefits of tourism development, removal of environmental impacts and enhance environmental
sustainability in target areas (Wang and Ap, 2013.
Singapore as Tourist destination
Singapore is world class city which has large number of tourist destinations. It is
observed that city posses excellent infrastructural facilities with a great range of events, activities
and entertainment. Singapore is considered as the safest city for tourism which provides various
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facilities to the families. They also have the good airline facilities which is connected to all over
the world. They also having world class airports which are recognised for their strong reputation
in market and reliability of services. This city has great potential regarding attraction of the large
number of tourists. Economic forum gives 5th rank to Singapore in global competitiveness which
provides that they are good in management and marketing activities. It is considered that
government support is necessary in development of tourism but this country doesn't have
separate ministry for tourism. From the past records, it is notices that 10.1 million tourists are
visit Singapore which provides the income to the government of 15.2 billion. The main aim of
tourism industry is to triple their tourism receipts in future.
Singapore tourism board
It is considered as one of the major destination management organisation in Singapore
which has four divisions which are called as tourism marketing, corporate services, tourism
business and regional marketing. STB has many other functions to do rather than promotion of
the tourist destinations such as economic development for tourism industry. The main aim of
STB is to build the position of tourism industry as economic pillar of the country (Presenza and
Cipollina, 2010)). The key focus areas on which large emphasis is provide by STB are
developing the position of Singapore as leading nation in Asia and development of nation as
Asian leisure destination. Singapore Tourism Board is one of the destination management
company which provides their services in Singapore. The aim is providing the facilities of world
class tourism. This organisation provides best accommodation, dining facilities, transportation in
Singapore. The large number of offers which provided by this company includes about city tour,
adventure tour, safari tour, cruise tour and luxury tours. It provides best quality services to their
customers at affordable prices. Safety and satisfaction of the clients is the main objective of these
organisations. All the packages which are offered by such organisations provides incredible
views with best accommodation, transportation and visa facility to make the trip more enjoyable
and memorable.
Major functions of STB
 Development and promotion of Singapore as tourist destination
 Regulate the different functions of tourism enterprise
 Development of new products regarding tourism
 Encourage investment in infrastructural activities
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 Provide help to the government in formulation and implementation of tourism policies
 Provides the support in maximisation of contribution of tourism in development of the
economy of nation
Tourism policies
STB is destination management organisation which is well aware about the total tourism
industry persist in Singapore and also about the different tourist destinations. They are evident
regarding the tourism policies which are applied in country. The current policies of tourism are
based on three areas which are to make the country leading Asian destination, most better service
centre of Asia, the nation having most strong business environment. Such policies plays an
important role in providence of direction of the tourism organisation which are providing their
services (Bornhorst, Ritchie and Sheehan, 2010). It provides opportunity regarding effectively
recognition of the factors which are present in market and make their business operation
successful. The various strategies and policies includes in this are Branding and marketing
strategy, Product development strategy, Financial policy etc.
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4. With reference of tourism destinations in Asia explain how cooperation and partnership might
be improved in the tourism sector through wider stakeholder involvement
There are many nations which will include in Asia, such as North Korea, India, Thailand,
Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia and many others. In these countries there are many
places which are much famous and people want to visit it. These destination will aid to capture
attention of numerous individuals so that revenue of that particular place will get enhanced. Most
popular destinations in Asia will comprise Chiang Mai in Thailand, Penang in Malaysia,
Malaysian Borneo, Islands in Thailand, Bali (Indonesia), Rajasthan in India and many more.
In modern time, tourism is considered as a largest sector. There are many companies who
are working in this sector and they need to maintain an appropriate cooperation with others. For
this, they will take assistance of many stakeholders. Partnership is considered as a relationship
which will include power sharing, support, work etc. with others. Two or more persons do work
together to attain similar kind of targets (Cruz and da Cruz, 2017). They need to maintain
cooperation with each other so that they will encourage strategic thinking which is associated
with long term. It is must for them use inventive techniques into work; therefore, they will be
able to fulfil needs of people effectively. It assists to reduce unwanted cost as well as risk.
Public private partnership is considered as a cooperative bond amongst private as well as
public segment. In recent time, people want to visit many places and for this, they will take
assistance from some tourism company. As they will help them to make their trip more effective
and experienced. PPP is very common as regulatory body thinks that these kind of contracts will
have immediate as well as tangible advantage. PPPs are formulated with aim of planning,
construction, conception, service exploration etc. There are some benefits which are related with
this, stated as below: Cost reduction: With assistance of PPP, ministry body will be able to perform their work
by deducting unwanted cost, from the capital project construction and services.
Henceforth, it has been understood that government will do their work economically. Risk share: With help of public private partnership, regulatory body will easily share
hazards with private mate. It has been examined that risk will be connected to extra cost,
fail to accomplish objective within certain period of time (Osei-Kyei and Chan, 2015).

 Lack of competition: If there is an agreement amongst both kind of firm then this will
reduce competitiveness. But if only some organisations are engaged in tourism segment
then, government will not be able to formulate PPP.
As stated by Osei-Kyei and Chan (2015), it has been evaluated that government is much
involved in touristy industry; henceforth, they are providing economic development to Asia. This
will help to increase job opportunity in nation. It is must for them to maintain tourist destination
as this will help to get attention of many individuals towards them. It is required for those firms
who are operating their business in this sector to make international connection with same kind
of organisation. This will help them to maintain competitiveness in worldwide tourism
marketplace. Therefore, it get concluded that partnership as well as cooperation in touristy sector
is fundamental.
Tourism stakeholder theory:
Visitor's place is considered as a collaboration of items, experience as well as
administration which offered at a specific geographical part which will get affected by tourism
influence. Demand and supply will also provide impact to destination which will enhance
bondholders advantages. To manage companies in an effective way hypothesis related to tourism
stakeholder will applied so that work with get done ethically.
While conducting marketing, it is required to consider expectations and needs of
bondholders, for instance: entrepreneurs, tour operator, population, tourists etc. It is essential for
visitors to use natural resources appropriately and do not harm it (Vanhove, 2017). This will be
beneficial for shareholders and help to prevent them for future period of time. If stakeholders are
taking benefits from this for shorter duration then this will develop disputes.
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Illustration 1: Relationship between stakeholders in tourism
Therefore, it has been comprehended that theory of stakeholder works like a standard tool
in planning of tourist. With aid of this, cooperation will get encourage amongst those parties who
are included in planning procedure. Communication of stakeholder will aid to provide
importance of partnership resources (de Grosbois, 2016).
Partnership in tourism:
If there is partnership by strategic bond then, this will develop key which help in small
firm's survival in travel and tourism segment. Therefore, two small enterprises will formulate a
partner network. It helps into their success and development at global level. Alliance between
partnership will present combined efforts amongst bondholders, showing interest in more than
two segments with tourism involvement. They will build a group in procedure of communication
and for this, they need to utilize common structure, norms or rules (Ekpenyong and Mmom,
2015).
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As partnership is developed amongst public and private firms so that it is required for
them to cater qualitative items to the service users. Expectations of clients are enhancing
continuously; thus, it is necessary for organisation to render long term advantages to them.
Critical success factors of tourism partnerships:
As indicated by Jones, Singh and Hsiung (2015), partnership amongst both public and
private segment is enhancing rapidly which cater enhancement to travel and tourism industry.
Therefore, it is must to identify factors of critical success of tourism alliances. By doing this, its
growth will be found out.
 It is must for them to prepare an effective framework so that roles and responsibilities of
each member will be clear.
 Benefits of both partners need to be examined.
 It is fundamental to maintain an appropriate communication amongst partners.
 Roles which are performed by every partners need to be monitor on regular basis.
 It is needed to aware each member about sustainable tourism.
 Partner's need and expectations are also need to be taken into under consideration.
 Goals and targets need to be decided so that it will get attained within limited period of
time.
5. International tourism organisations have affected tourism development using examples from
both developed and less developed part of Asia
PATA stands for Pacific Asia Travel Association, it is a non for profit organisation which
is operating their business at global level. They are responsible for the enhancement of tourism
sector within Asia. This enterprise will includes more than 90 government, city as well as state
tourism body, almost 105 hospitality industry, 25 global airlines and many others. They are
doing their business in tourism sector so that they will help country into their development
(Bogoch and et. al., 2016).
There are many countries who comprise into Asia, some of them are developed and some
are less developed.
Developed nations: These are such kind of nations and places whom have better
economic growth as well as favourable environment to operate their
activities. With this flow, they also have good and attractive heritage
places which provide satisfaction to every number of visitor whom
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visit to such places.
This will consist Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, China and
many others.
Less developed nations: It will include almost nine countries, such as Nepal, Bhutan,
Afghanistan, Laos, Myanmar, Bangladesh and so forth. These all are
such places which need more appropriate consideration of
government as well as private organisations through which their
overall development could be encourage. This enables them in better
and suited working through which more and more jobs get created as
well as absolute economic growth and development can be maintain.
Apart from developed and developing places, there are several
regions also get evaluated which need appropriate and suitable
consideration. These places are less developed and need more and
huge fund to get invested. Thus, government need more appropriate
focus through which good tourism rate could be manage.
Tourist organisations will provide impact to tourism development either in a direct or
indirect manner. It has been examined that visitors will provide many kinds of affect to country,
such as environmental, socio cultural and economical (MARIN, 2015).
Environmental: Its relation with tourism is much complex in nature. There are various
activities which will include into this and will provide an adverse affect to
surrounding. This will be associated with construction of road and also
comprise some facilities like hotel. It is must to protect environment from
any kind of harmful activity because if it is appropriate then will cater
benefit to economy and attract attention of numerous individuals towards
it.
Socio- cultural: This will cater affect to tourist sector directly or indirectly. Each nation is
following their own culture. People are having their own lifestyle or
morality. When distinctive culture meet with each other, either it will be
beneficial for some teams or non beneficial also.
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Economical: If economy of country is much effective then, this will help to gain
attention of many persons towards them. It will motivate persons to visit
that nation.
Following is an example which is related to developed and less developed country:
 In Asia, many nations will comes under the section of developed part, from them China is
selected. There are many places over there, where persons want to visit. There are some
popular destination, such as Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, Guilin and many others. Apart from
this, many tourist places, like Great wall of China, Li River, Forbidden city and so on. It
is must for government to maintain these places appropriately. If people get attracted
towards them then, this will aid to keep up economic condition (Xia, 2017). There are
many organisations who are doing their business in travel and tourism sector, for
example: China travel services, Shanghai Spring International Travel Services etc. It has
been evaluated that tourism places are maintained by government and some other private
firms. The main reason behind it, regulatory bodies are not having sufficient amount of
finance; therefore, they will provide some spots to private affiliations for their
maintenance. This will help China to make them count under developed nations in Asia.
 Rather than this, there are some nations which will include under less developed
countries, Bangladesh is one of them. As there are various tourist places over there which
people want to visit Sundarbans mangrove forest, Rangamati, Paharpur, St. Martin's
island and so forth. These places are highly maintained by government but as economy of
this nation is not much effective so that they are not properly doing this. Therefore,
Bangladesh comes under less developed parts of Asia. As a result, visitors will not get
attracted towards this country (Headey and et. al., 2015). To make this place developed,
regulatory body will take assistance of many private companies. Bangladesh is one of a
under develop country in the world and a part of Asia as well. Thus, it is a major
responsibility of international tourism organisations t promote and support them to grow
so that their economic rate lead to frame properly and suitably. Their economic condition
is no good as thus government need to arrange some fund from international financial
institutes so that they lead to built and created attractive places by investing properly on
heritage sites (Roy and Roy, 2015).
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This factor will support them to create and maintain a partnership between private
working as well as government working in which organisations like PATA lead to contribute and
support their best in growth and development of these sections properly and effectively.
Moreover, in such streamline a section of some major regions also get evaluated which are
developing tourism places. In this context, they have good visitor growth but they need more
appropriate focus on heritage and places so that absolute number of guest lead to take place in
order to which they lead to support other under develop regions as well (Shin and Kim, 2016).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that, tourism industry has significant role in
the development of nation. This business functions of tourism industry helps in development of
the economy and society of nation. The large number of factors on which the whole industry
depends are tourist destinations, number of tourists, infrastructural facilities, tour operators and
government. All the factors have their own role in this industry. It is observed that 21% of global
GDP is provided by the tourism industry. Large number of benefits which are derived by nation
are employment opportunities, infrastructural development, development of transportation and
communication facilities etc. The government plays an effective role in development of the
policies and regulation which govern the different functions of this industry. Destination
management organisation also plays an important role in promotion and development of the
tourist destination and effectively implementation of the national tourism policies.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Logar, I., 2010. Sustainable tourism management in Crikvenica, Croatia: An assessment of
policy instruments. Tourism management. 31(1). pp.125-135.
Hall, C.M., 2011. A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(4-5). pp.437-457.
Cuccia, T. and Rizzo, I., 2011. Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence
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