International Tourism System: Annotated Bibliography and Impacts

This document provides an annotated bibliography of literature on the impact of tourism and destination development in Darjeeling. It discusses the concept of ecotourism, sustainable tourism development, and the reasons behind landslides in the region. The document also explores the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the local community and environment.

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Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Annotated bibliography..............................................................................................................2
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5

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Introduction
The aim of the paper is to conduct the annotated bibliography of the literature that is linked to
the tourism impact as well as the selected location which is Darjeeling. The summary and
evaluation of the five articles has been done which include 3 articles published within 2015
and 2019. In addition, the two articles are non-academic related to Darjeeling tourism whose
annotation has been done.
Annotated bibliography
Tourism policy
Bandyopadhyay, S. (2016) Ecotourism and Women of Lamahatta, Darjeeling. Journal
of Kashmir for Tourism and Catering Technology, 1(7).
Bandyopadhyay, 2016 presents the idea of the ecotourism in their study which is defined as
the responsible travel to areas that remains natural for the conservation of the environment as
well as for the welfare of the local people. The tourism sustainability is increasing which is
clearly visible and this is possible because of the quality of blending among the people
wisdom as well as the policies formed by the local government. The study presented by the
author shows the ecotourism in which the involvement as well as application of the
knowledge of people to protect the cultural traditions as well as the nature resources that is
considered as the primary criterion. The study is major conducted by the author on Lamahatta
which is a multi-ethnic village located in Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India. In the
study, the author also showed their idea for the women of Darjeeling who mostly work as
Tea-garden labourers. It has been found that in the year 2012, the government took the
initiatives for the ecotourism and this made the women fulfilled with the senses that quality
of life will improve and all the basic needs will get achieved which is considered tourism

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policy. The study shows an effort done by the author in examining the real scenario of the
Lamahatta and its sustainability in tourism and how the policy has contributed towards the
development. The findings reflect that the women of Lamahatta are benefited with the
ecotourism or not and how the formation of policy took place. It has been found that
ecotourism leads to the development and offer the benefits to the women who majorly
sacrifice for cultural conservation to think globally and act globally. The idea of the article
shows that the study is directly with Darjeeling as well as tourism in the place considering
their local people whose welfare is essential which is possible through the policy. The women
are considered as vital part of country and their welfare remains the concern of the
government also due to which the required initiatives and policy contribute to the ecotourism
will leads to the development in the country for women and improve the tourism activities.
Development of destination
Bhutia, S. (2015) Sustainable tourism development in Darjeeling hills of West Bengal,
India: issues & challenges. Global Journal of Human Science, 15(3).
Bhutia, 2015, presented the views by saying that presently tourism has been considered in the
national sustainable development strategies for the numerous developing countries and with
this they are placed majorly on programme of many international conferences on Sustainable
Development. The idea behind the research conducted by the author is to discuss about the
Sustainable tourism development in the area of Darjeeling and their related issues. The study
shows that tourism is broader sense and this is the reason due to which it has been existed for
the long time in the Hill region of Darjeeling located in West Bengal. The findings of the
research shows that the tourism activities in the location are still in its conventional state but
not to put in the track of the updated concept through the efforts that are being made to offer
it the actual shape under the eco-tourism but not to avail. The information of the research

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include the details that sustainable tourism development offer the opportunity to take the
proactive approaches that is based on the larger participation by stakeholders. The data for
this research has been collected from diverse sources that have been verified with the
experience in field. The research study shows the major findings related to the major issues of
the region that are linked with the natural resources that might be utilized in the effective
systematic manner through the natural resources that can be utilized in the effective scientific
manner. Furthermore, the study shows that overzealous and unplanned growth of tourism
with the limited infrastructure in the Darjeeling hills present in India. The ideas of suggests
for the sustainable tourism development which should be adapted to arrest further decay in
environmental to encourage the new approach to planning in the region.
Destination development
Khosla, D. (2019) Darjeeling: A Quick and Handy Travel Guide [Online]. Available from:
https://www.makemytrip.com/blog/darjeeling-quick-travel-guide [Accessed on 5th
September 2019]
Khosla, 2019 presented their personal opinion the tourism which is booming in the market of
India. This is the fact that most of the people visit the place Darjeeling because of the rich
culture and attractive locations of place. The views are shared for offering a quick and handy
travel guide to the tourist who visits place which is major idea behind article. The article
include the details related to the related to the location or attraction that tourist must visit
once. The major attractions include Ghoom Monastery, Mahakal Temple, Padmaja Naidu
Himalayan Zoological Park and many others. Along with this, author has presented their
views for the things that people should do once they visit the place. The idea presented in the
article is related to the reason which makes the North East area preferable for tourists. The
guidance for the food that can tourist like to have is guided which shows the actual cultural

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taste of the region. In the north east area of Darjeeling, the weather is considered as one of the
factor which can influence the visit of tourist. The author has provided the guidance to the
tourist for selecting the right time to visit the destination because this will add experience to
their trip. The transportation facilities are guided well which all the three major modes with
the distance to the major city that can connect tourist people to the destination. This
information remains essential from the point of author because through this not only they
came to the way through which they can reach to their tourist place but also the nearest place
that they can visit once. In addition to this, the author has provides the details related to the
things that they should cover in there bag pack. All these things will be useful for tourist at
the tour and according to the destination.
Tourism impacts
SOTC (2019) Why is Darjeeling Called the "Queen of The Hills” [Online]. Available
from: https://www.sotc.in/blog/why-is-darjeeling-called-the-queen-of-the-hills-
[Accessed on 5th September 2019]
In this article, author has shared views about the beauty of Darjeeling which is known with
the name of the Queen of The Hills. The destination is considered as one of the most famous
destination for the tourist who likes to admire the nature and want to spend the time. The idea
behind the article is related to the Darjeeling and its resorts, mountains and weathers that lead
to the impact. The place of Darjeeling is considered as abode of god which is an ideal
getaway for every tourist who being in the place. For most of the tourist, Darjeeling is
considered as Queen of the hills. The findings of the article shows that the tourist place is
mostly liked by the people because of the highest hill resorts which grab the attention of the
tourists which is reason it is known as Queen of the Hills. The 2134 meters is the highest
height of the hill resort which remains rick in flora and fauna with the icy chilly weather of

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the hill station. Kanchenjunga is the world’s third highest mountain peak which attracts the
people as the place offer the delight experience to the visitors. The author has presented the
views related to the attractions as well as the activities that can easily grab the attention of the
people. However, this has been found that place is majorly loved by the people who are
connected to nature. This means that remaining people who want the different attractions like
beaches, fun activities would not like to visit the place which is a negative side. In addition,
the author has presented the major activity details which include Rangit Valley Ropeway and
paradise for trekkers. Along with this, the place remains the cold at most of the time and
remains chilliest in the winters. This shows the link of the Darjeeling with the tourist among
the world.
Tourism impacts at destination
Sumantra, S.B. and Raghunath, P. (2016) Causes of Landslides in Darjeeling Himalayas
during June-July, 2015. J Geogr Nat Disast, 6(173), pp.2167-0587.
Sumantra and Raghunath, 2016 has presented the article talking about the reasons behind the
landslides in the Darjeeling Himalayas that took place during June-July 2015. The ideas of
the author says that landslides are considered as most essential form of the natural disaster
that leads to the loss of the lives as well as properties majorly in the areas of mountains. The
author said that mountain terrains are characterised by the high energy with variability and
instability of the masses. The author presented the idea that in India most of the areas with the
hills are characterised with the different disaster at landscape such as Jammu Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Kumauni, Darjeeling and Sikkim. The author presented the fact that
Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalaya are considered as the most vulnerable areas of the
landslides. The author has used the secondary research method for gathering the details for
this study in which the opinions of different authors are considered for evaluating the reasons

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behind the landslides that generally appear. This method of research provides the accurate as
well as the reliable and accurate information related to the tourism which is affected due to
landslides. The findings of the article are related to the factors factor that leads to the
landslides is heavy rainfall which affects the tourism within the area because these issues lead
to the impact on disconnection of the roads, breaking of the bridges, and many others which
stop the tourist to visit the place. This will lead to the negative impact on the tourism as
people will not like to visit the places that include the chances of the landslides. The author
article also presents the scope of the development activity in the region of mountains which
leads to the land use management that is essential to bring the vulnerability of landslides. The
development will leads to the positive impact on the tourism activity as there will be increase
in number of visitors.
Conclusion
In the end, this can be said that tourism is growing across the world which is one of the
reasons due to which each and every place deals with the negative or positive impact. It has
been found that there are developments in Darjeeling because of the tourist in the country.
Along with this, sustainable tourism or ecotourism are growing and bringing the changes in
the tourism of destination.