International Trade and Logistics

This report critically analyzes two research papers on international trade and logistics, examining their significance, research methodology, research questions, and findings. The first paper focuses on the impact of airfreight integrator hubs and new international airports on urban mobility in Asia. The second paper explores the dynamics between exchange rates and sovereign bond prices in emerging markets. Recommendations for further research are provided.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
International trade and logistics
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
Table of Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................2
Discussion:.................................................................................................................................2
Comparison between the two research papers:..........................................................................2
Significance of research papers:.................................................................................................2
Evaluating the relation of research to the current knowledge body of international logistic and
international trade:.....................................................................................................................2
Evaluation of research methodology in terms of result and research questions:.......................2
Comparing the findings of research paper:................................................................................2
Recommendations:.....................................................................................................................2
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
Introduction:
The report is prepared for critically analyzing the research paper by addressing the
research significance, research methodology, research questions and findings. The two
research papers that have been analyzed include the effects of airfreight integrator hubs and
new international airport on the cities mobility in urban hierarchies and the dynamics of
exchange rate and dominated sovereign bond price of US dollar in emerging markets. In the
first case study, the details of the aviation market in the emerging global cities in South East
and East Asia is presented. This particular paper intends to examine the impact of integrator
hub and international airport of the cities of Asia on their mobility in an urban hierarchy. The
second paper studied about the dynamic linkage between the exchange rate in emerging
markets and sovereign bond prices dominated in US dollars. Therefore, the two research
papers have different objective as one deal with exchange rate and other with development of
international airport and its impact.
Discussion:
Comparison between the two research papers:
Significance of research questions:
The first case study ascertains that the significance of international transportation of
airfreight in reversing intermediate and import goods export among nations. This research
question helps in addressing the factors to which the passengers are sensitive to and thereby
helps in determining the demand for international air cargo. In addition to this, the paper also
posed the question of examining the temporal changes in the parameters value that helped in
explaining the flow of international air traffic. The second case study poses the research

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
question of whether the exchange rate currencies can adequately explain the sovereign bond
that is dominated in US dollar (Hui et al., 2018). This research question has significance in
determining the relationship between the two variables.
Evaluating the relation of research to the current knowledge body of international
logistic and international trade:
In the first case study, the researcher has also examined the relationship between
parameters of gross domestic product and demand of international air traffic. It is presented
that the demand of international air traffic becomes larger according to economic growth as
depicted by the parameters of GDP. The air traffic flows at international level, which is
associated with the construction of new airports and integrators hub location is explained in
terms of basic factors of GDP (Shepherd & Hamanaka, 2015). Hence, the concept of
international logistics is addressed in this paper.
The case study demonstrates the linkage between the exchange rate and sovereign
credit risk, which are the variables of determining international trade. An analogy is used
between the budget constraints and corporate valuation for an economy, which assumes that
the market fundamental is adequately anticipated by the exchange rate (Arvis et al., 2018).
Since, exchange rate is one of the important factors determining the international trade, it is
inferred that the paper has addressed the concept.
Evaluation of research methodology in terms of result and research questions:
The researcher in the first case study has adopted an exploratory approach to research
and data has been collected from different reliable sources. The population data with regard
to research was taken from the UN instead of city proper, which was considered better
reflection of the population that the airport served. Another research paper employed the
model of double square root for identifying the linkage between bond prices and exchange

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
rate of currencies (Turnes & Ernst, 2015). Furthermore, an empirical test has been conducted
on sovereign credit spreads, which are denominated in dollar.
Comparing the findings of research paper:
From the analysis of the research paper, it was ascertained that the position of Asian
companies such as Shanghai, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Guangzhou are able
to strengthen their position as hubs of international air traffic all of which have opened a new
international airport. The analysis second research paper depicts that the exchange rate of
currencies of emerging market have adequate explanatory power in explaining the sovereign
bond price. It has been found that there exists a strong relationship between the stability of
exchange rate and sovereign risk exchange market.
Recommendations:
It is recommended for the first research paper to adopt a more refined approach that
would incorporate more sensitive variables related to cost factors such as airfare charge and
fuel price. In the second research paper, it is recommended to develop multi factor model
incorporating other factors such as country specific, market liquidity and other macro
economic variables affecting sovereign risk.
Conclusion:
The research papers analyzed deals with the concept of international trade and
international topic. Both the research papers have adopted different research approach and
have made use of various graphs and data collected from different sources. However, there is
a need to improve the research approach for refining the facts and results that have deduced.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND LOGISTICS
Reference list:
Arvis, J. F., Ojala, L., Wiederer, C., Shepherd, B., Raj, A., Dairabayeva, K., & Kiiski, T.
(2018). Connecting to Compete 2018: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy. World
Bank.
Ekici, Ş. Ö., Kabak, Ö., & Ülengin, F. (2016). Linking to compete: Logistics and global
competitiveness interaction. Transport Policy, 48, 117-128.
Hui, C. H., Lo, C. F., & Chau, P. H. (2018). Exchange rate dynamics and US dollar-
denominated sovereign bond prices in emerging markets. The North American
Journal of Economics and Finance, 44, 109-128.
Matsumoto, H., & Domae, K. (2018). The effects of new international airports and air-freight
integrator's hubs on the mobility of cities in urban hierarchies: A case study in East
and Southeast Asia. Journal of Air Transport Management, 71, 160-166.
Shepherd, B., & Hamanaka, S. (2015). Overcoming trade logistics challenges: Asia-Pacific
experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 27(3), 444-466.
Turnes, P. B., & Ernst, R. (2015). A framework for transparency in international
trade. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 21(1), 1-8.