International Transport Systems

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1
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INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2
INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Definition of transport and what are of international transport systems
Transport can be described as the movement goods, humans and animals from one
location to another. As it pertains international transport, there four major and common modes of
transport: air, sea, rail, and roads.
With transport systems which are operated at an international scale, due to the need for
expansion for links between both trading blocs and individual nations, and also having complex
spatial networks. Therefore, with many changes, it has encouraged movements on a global scale.
Technological advances in shipping and aircraft industry which have led to commercialization
and high-capacity jet airlines and ships have stimulated and met the demand of cheaper and also
more rapid movement goods and passengers over long distances. This has been influenced by an
ever-increasing number of people, the rapid expansion of transnational manufacturing companies
and commercial enterprises, and also the expansion of tourism has led to the demand of many
additional schedules and charter services, and moreover increased international traffic. (Raghav,
2012)
Most suitable transport system for transporting cherries from the farm gate in the Huon
Valley in Tasmania to consumers in South Korea
Because of the perishability of the cherries, international air transport is the most suitable
system or mode for transporting them. Nowadays there is a high demand for quality services in
the markets and consumers in all areas. Since keeping cherries while transporting to ensure they
arrive at the consumer in good condition is not an easy task. Therefore, it needs a complex and
quality system during the whole logistics process, from the collection point of the cherries to the
destination point of distribution without deteriorating their quality especially due to
environmental conditions over time.
These products require to be handled with utmost care since they are prone to severe and
irreparable damage especially by temperature if not preserved consistently in order to ensure
they are in excellent condition be reaching to the final consumer. This helps to minimize losses
and damages which affect the businesses and final consumer since most of them occur between
post-harvest and the process of product distribution.
Since airports, temperature-controlled facilities like refrigerated chambers and freezers, and
also other special areas to handle perishable goods, complemented by guarded customs
inspection points with highly-qualified and specialized personnel for ensuring and maintaining
the perishable products are at all times kept at optimal temperatures hence making air transport
the best option for transporting the cherries. It is the air transport which is the quickest and safest
mode of transport for delivering perishable goods like the cherries within the shortest time
possible to different countries in the world ensuring them being intact. (Tibamexico, 2018)

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 3
Key factors affecting the quality of Tasmania cherries on the shelves of supermarkets in
South Korea, from a transport and logistic perspective
Since cherry fruits are perishable products, their quality deteriorates after harvesting are
associated with storage and marketing issues. These are developing of post-harvest rots, water
loss, fruit softening, stem browning, and also other post-harvest disorders like bruising, pitting
and pebbling.
Post-harvest decay is one of the significant challenges for storage of cherry fruits. This post-
harvest rot is commonly due to pre-harvest infections which are associated with skin fracturing.
Also packing the cherries in poly liners creates a saturated environment hence favoring
condensation which usually leads to fungal decay, even if it helps in reducing water loss.
The cherry fruit softening, which is often changes of fruit firmness especially during shipping
and storage is another challenge since its firmness is an important parameter of fruit quality in
which consumers prefer fruits that are firm rather than soft.
The vapor pressure deficits which is related to fruit water loss and dehydration is another
problem experienced during handling and storage of cherries, hence leading lack of freshness
and direct financial loss since most of the cherry fruits are sold in terms of weight parameter. In
addition, storage temperatures, airflow and relative humidity around the cherries are major
determining factors of the potential water loss and dehydration, during packaging and storage of
the fruits. Moreover, mechanical damages like pitting and bruising may contribute to increasing
fruit water loss if there is rupturing of the natural fruit coating during storage and handling.
Even if the cherry stems are not consumed, consumer perception is greatly influenced by
stem quality, in particular, the color and freshness since they consider fresh-looking stems,
therefore important to maintain their quality. The highly undesirable stem browning due to water
loss and mechanical damage is another challenge since most green stems are considered as
indicators of freshness for overall cherry fruits, hence these indicators are very crucial and
helpful in guiding and influencing consumer buying decisions. Therefore, in a retail
environment, these observations will always have an impact and consequences as far as the
display of the cherries is concerned in the supermarkets.
Pitting which is characterized by irregular hardening of pits in the fruit surface especially on
its shoulders depression, is another serious defect which develops during storage which is
unacceptable commercially. It detracts from overall fruit appearance on display and also eating
experience of the cherry. It also increases the respiration rate and is a basis of decay development
hence reducing the fruits market and shelf life.
Bruising is one of the most common major defects of cherries, which involves the physical
damage, i.e., compression and compaction of the freshness of cherry fruits. It makes the fruit
visually less attractive and prone to development of post-harvest rot. Due to the presence of
bruising on the fruits, it affects the buying behavior and perception of the consumer negatively
since the fruit lacks texture, hence downgrading its acceptability.